Asphalt Cement Grading
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1 Asphalt Cement Grading
2 Asphalt Cement Performance Elastic Solid Viscoelastic Solid Viscous Liquid True Liquid 0ºF 300ºF Minimum Service Temp Thermal Cracking CIVL
3 Thermal Cracking CIVL
4 Asphalt Cement Performance Elastic Solid Viscoelastic Solid Viscous Liquid True Liquid 0ºF 75-80ºF 300ºF Minimum Service Temp Thermal Cracking Average Service Temp Fatigue Cracking CIVL
5 Fatigue Cracking CIVL
6 Fatigue Cracking CIVL
7 Asphalt Cement Performance Elastic Solid Viscoelastic Solid Viscous Liquid True Liquid 0ºF 75-80ºF ºF 300ºF Minimum Service Temp Thermal Cracking Average Service Temp Fatigue Cracking Maximum Service Temp Rutting Shoving CIVL
8 Rutting CIVL
9 Rutting CIVL
10 Shoving CIVL
11 Shoving CIVL
12 Asphalt Cement Performance Elastic Solid Viscoelastic Solid Viscous Liquid True Liquid 0ºF 75-80ºF ºF 300ºF Minimum Service Temp Average Service Temp Maximum Service Temp Mixing Placing Temp Thermal Cracking Fatigue Cracking Rutting Shoving Drain Down CIVL
13 Draindown CIVL
14 Asphalt Cement Performance Elastic Solid Viscoelastic Solid Viscous Liquid True Liquid 0ºF 75-80ºF ºF 300ºF Minimum Service Temp Average Service Temp Maximum Service Temp Mixing Placing Temp Thermal Cracking Fatigue Cracking Rutting Shoving Drain Down CIVL
15 Asphalt Cement Performance Elastic Solid Viscoelastic Solid Viscous Liquid True Liquid 0ºF 77ºF 140ºF 275ºF Minimum Service Temp Average Service Temp Maximum Service Temp Mixing Placing Temp Penetration Number Absolute Viscosity Kinematic Viscosity CIVL
16 Penetration Test 100 g Penetration 100 g 77 o F 0 seconds 5 seconds Penetration Number = Penetration in tenths of a millimeter CIVL
17 Asphalt Penetrometer CIVL
18 Penetration Grading Based on penetration index at 77 F: Grade TDOT Grade Grade Grade Grade Must also meet ductility, flashpoint, and retained penetration (aging) criteria CIVL
19 Penetration Grading CIVL
20 Flash Point THERMOMETER OPEN FLAME CIVL
21 Ductility CIVL
22 Ductility (Taken from The Asphalt Institute Manual ES-1, Second Edition) 77 o F CIVL
23 Thin-Film Oven Test 5 hrs 5-6 rpm sample pans 325 o F Simulates aging of asphalt cement during mixing and laydown CIVL
24 Thin-Film Oven CIVL
25 Penetration Grading PRO Done at average service temperature Easy test, inexpensive equipment Test is done at room temperature CON Empirical test Doesn t specifically address aging Doesn t capture temperature susceptibility CIVL
26 Penetration Grading Cold Winter Average Service Hot Summer Pen 77 o F Temperature CIVL
27 Viscosity Grading Based on the absolute viscosity at 140 o F: TDOT AC-2.5 AC-5 AC-10 AC-20 AC-30 AC-40 Numbers correspond to absolute viscosity in hundreds of poise Must also meet ductility, penetration (77 o F), kinematic viscosity (275 o F), and aging criteria CIVL
28 Viscosity Grading CIVL
29
30 Absolute Viscosity If a fluid with a viscosity = 1 Pa s is placed between two plates and one plate is pushed sideways with a shear stress = 1 Pa it will move a distance equal to the thickness of the layer in one second. 1 1 Absolute viscosity of water at 20ºC = Pa s = 0.01 poise 0.01 poise 1 centipoise CIVL
31 Absolute Viscosity (Taken from The Asphalt Institute Manual ES-1, Second Edition) VACUUM VACUUM Asphalt Institute Viscometer Cannon Manning Viscometer CIVL
32 Viscosity of Common Materials Water Cream Vegetable Oil Tomato Juice Honey 275 F Chocolate Syrup Sour Cream Ketchup Peanut Butter 140 F Vegetable Shortening 1 centipoise 20 centipoise 100 centipoise 200 centipoise 2000 centipoise centipoise centipoise centipoise centipoise centipoise CIVL
33 Kinematic Viscosity Kinematic Viscosity Absolute Viscosity Fluid Density 1 stoke 1 poise 1 g 3 cm Kinematic viscosity of water at 20ºC = 0.01 stoke 0.01 stoke 1 centistoke CIVL
34 Kinematic Viscosity (Taken from The Asphalt Institute Manual ES-1, Second Edition) Zeitfuchs Cross-Arm Viscometer CIVL
35 Viscosity Grading Cold Winter Average Service Hot Summer Mixing Compacting Pen Vis 10 o F 77 o F 140 o F 275 o F Temperature CIVL
36 Viscosity Grading PRO Fundamental material property Done at maximum service temperature Includes high & average temperature criteria CON Harder to run, more expensive equipment Doesn t specifically address long-term aging Doesn t consider low-temperature cracking CIVL
37 CIVL
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