XPS STUDY OF DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON-BASED NANOCOMPOSITE FILMS
|
|
- Amie Davidson
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 International Journal of Nanoscience Vol. 3, No. 6 (2004) c World Scientific Publishing Company XPS STUDY OF DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON-BASED NANOCOMPOSITE FILMS S. ZHANG,Y.Q.FU,X.L.BUIandH.J.DU School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore Advanced Materials for Micro and Nano Systems Programme Singapore-MIT Alliance, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore msyzhang@ntu.edu.sg X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of amorphous carbon (a-c)-based nanocomposite films has been carried out. Four bonding types of carbon are revealed from the C 1s spectra: C C sp 2 and sp 3 bonding, C O and C Ti bonding. With the introduction of Ti and Al into the a-c matrix, the carbon sp 3 /sp 2 ratio decreases significantly. XPS results also confirm that the Al doped in the film basically exists as an elemental Al in the a-c matrix, and the titanium is mostly bonded with carbon to form nc-tic. Keywords: Nanocomposite; diamond-like carbon; sputtering; XPS. 1. Introduction Nanocomposite films have recently attracted increasing interest because of the possibilities of synthesizing the materials with unique physical chemical properties. 1 4 Presently, extensive theoretical and experimental efforts are made to synthesize and study these nanocomposite films. 5 7 To maximize hardening and toughening effects, it is common to use ternary, quaternary or even more complicated composition systems. One popular design method is to imbed nanocrystalline phases in an amorphous matrix. 8,9 Diamond-like carbon (DLC) or amorphous carbon (a-c) has been recognized as the primary candidates for the amorphous matrix, but a-c has a problem of high residual stress and poor toughness. The incorporation of metals, for example, Al, into hydrogen free DLC matrix effectively reduces the residual stress and improves toughness. In Ref. 10, a multi-target magnetron sputtering system was used to prepare four types of films: pure a-c (a-c without doping), amorphous carbon with Al doping, nanocrystalline TiC embedded in pure amorphous carbon and nanocrystalline TiC embedded in amorphous carbon doped with Al, i.e., a-c, a-c(al), TiC/a-C and TiC/a-C(Al). The results showed that without Al doping, the amorphous carbon Corresponding author. 797
2 798 S. Zhang et al. films possess a large residual stress of over 4 GPa. After doping with Al, the residual stress drastically decreases to a mere 0.3 GPa. However, the hardness drastically decreased from about 32 GPa to about 9 GPa. After TiC was embedded into a-c(al) matrix in the form of nanosized crystals, the hardness is largely restored. nc-tic/a-c(al) has a hardness of 20 GPa and residual stress of 0.5 GPa. 10 However, the detailed chemical bonding structures for the nc-tic/a-c(al) films have not been fully understood. This information can be obtained by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In this study, detailed XPS analysis was performed on those films to study the chemical bonding states, based on which relationship between the bonding state and the mechanical response is established. 2. Experimental X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis was performed on the sample surface using a Kratos-Axis spectrometer with monochromatic Al Kα ( ev) X-ray radiation (15 kv and 10 ma) and a hemispherical electron energy analyzer. The base vacuum of the chamber was Torr. Survey spectra in the range of ev were recorded in 1 ev steps for each sample, followed by high-resolution spectra over different elemental peaks in 0.1 ev steps, from which the detailed composition was calculated. Curve fitting was performed after a Shirley background subtraction by nonlinear least square fitting using a mixed Gauss/Lorentz function. To remove the surface contamination layer, Ar ion bombardment was carried out for 600 seconds using a differentially pumped ion gun (Kratos MacroBeam) with an accelerating voltage of 4 kev and a gas pressure of Torr. The bombardment was performed at an angle of incidence of 45 with respect to the surface normal. 3. Results and Discussion Figure 1 shows XPS carbon core level spectra (C 1s) of a-c, a-c(al), TiC/a-C and TiC/a-C(Al) films. For a-c film, the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the C 1s spectra is about 2.1 ev, which is much larger than those of graphite (FWHM = 0.7 ev) and diamond samples (FWHM = 1.0 ev). The peaks are fitted using binding energy interval values from the literature 11,12 and then Gaussian decomposition results in three kinds of bonds: C C sp 2 bonding at ev, sp 3 bonding at ev and C O bonding at ev. The concentrations of the different bonds are calculated and the sp 3 /sp 2 hybridization ratio derived from the relative content and listed in Table 1. For the a-c(al) film, three bonds (C C sp 2, C C sp 3 and C O bonds) are detected. No formation of aluminum carbide is found since there is no peak at the Al C energy of ev. After inclusion of Al into the a-c matrix, the sp 3 /sp 2 ratio decreases from 68% to 19%, i.e., a drastic increase in the sp 2 fraction occurs, which is the reason why there is a drastic decrease in both film hardness and residual stress. 10 Analyzing C 1s spectra from TiC/a-C and TiC/a-C(Al) films, a new bond is observed at about 282 ev, which is the C Ti bond.
3 XPS Study of Diamond-Like Carbon-Based Nanocomposite Films 799 Fig. 1. XPS C 1s core level spectra of a-c, A-C(Al), TiC/a-C and TiC/a-C(Al) films. Table 1. The atomic concentration of C 1s peaks obtained from XPS analysis. Film C C sp 2 C C sp 3 C O C Ti sp 3 /sp 2 a-c a-c(al) nc-tic/a-c nc-tic/a-c(al) The sp 3 /sp 2 ratio in these two films are about the same and are maintained at a low value of 0.19 and 0.18, respectively (see Table 1). An increase in the hardness is observed and is believed to come from the inclusion of the nanocrystalline TiC structures. 10 To understand the state of the Al in the a-c(al) and nc-tic/a-c(al) films, the Al 2p spectra are plotted in Fig. 2. The peaks located at around 74.2 and 72.7 ev are those of the elemental Al 2p 1/2 and Al 2p 3/2 spectra. The small tail at the highenergy side (above 75 ev) indicates the presence of the Al O bond because Al is extremely reactive. Comparing the XPS profiles of a-c(al) and that of nc-tic/a- C(Al), they are basically identical. This indicates that: (1) there is no evidence of the formation of Al C bonds. (2) Al doping basically exists as elemental Al in the a-c matrix and it is unlikely that Al goes into TiC in the case of nc-tic/a- C(Al). This explains the XRD results of a-c(al), nc-tic/a-c and nc-tic/a-c(al) (see Fig. 3) where only TiC peaks are detected with or without Al doping in the deposition process. 10 Figure 4 shows the Ti 2p core level spectra for nc-tic/a-c and nc-tic/a- C(Al) films. Similarly, there is not much difference between these two profiles. With
4 800 S. Zhang et al. Fig. 2. XPS Al 2p spectra of a-c(al) and TiC/a-C(Al) films. TiC[111] TiC[200] TiC[220] Si substrate Intensity [arb. units] TiC/a-C TiC/a-C(Al) a-c(al) θ ( 0 ) Fig. 3. XRD spectra of TiC/a-C, TiC/a-C(Al) and a-c(al) films. 10 reference to Refs. 11 and 12, the features at ev and ev are assigned as TiC (2p 1/2 and 2p 3/2 ), and those at ev and 464 ev are TiO 2.Therearetwo other broad peaks at about ev and 462 ev, which can be assigned as a Ti X peak (a combination of a sub-stoichiometric TiC x (x<1) and TiO x (or TiC x O y ), as well as a Ti 2p intrinsic satellite peak 13 ). Titanium satellite peaks are commonly observed, and these are loss peaks related to the screening effect of conduction electrons, or an electronic effect brought by atomic reordering. 14 The Ti 2p 1/2 and 2p 3/2 peaks of the TiC phase are situated at higher positions compared with the and ev peaks in elemental Ti 2p, due to a chemical shift resulting from charge transfer. The peak intensity ratios of TiC, Ti X and TiO 2 are 9:6:1, or the titanium in the films is mostly bond with carbon forming nc-tic, at the same time,
5 XPS Study of Diamond-Like Carbon-Based Nanocomposite Films 801 Fig. 4. Ti 2p XPS spectra of nc-tic/a-c and nc-tic/a-c(al) films. a relatively large amount of nonstoichiometric TiC (i.e., TiC x ) exists together with minute amounts of nonstoichiometric titanium oxide (TiO x ). 4. Summary X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy has been used to analyze a-c-based nanocomposite films prepared via co-sputtering using Ti, Al and graphite targets in an argon atmosphere. Four carbon bonds are identified: C C sp 2 bonding, C C sp 3 bonding, C O bonding and C Ti bonding. Al doping in the a-c matrix results in a sharp decrease in C C sp 3 bonding and an increase in C C sp 2 bonding or an overall decrease in the sp 3 /sp 2 ratio. This explains the reduction in hardness. XPS results also confirmed that the Al doped exists as elemental Al in the a-c matrix instead of bonding with C or Ti. Titanium in the films mostly bonds with carbon to form nanocrystalline TiC or nc-tic. Under the experimental conditions, the XPS peak intensity ratios of TiC, Ti X and TiO 2 are 9:6:1. Acknowledgment The authors are indebted to Nanyang Technological University for AcRF funding RG12/02. References 1. J. Musil, Surf. Coat. Technol. 125, 322 (2000). 2. S. Veprek and S. Reiprich, Thin Solid Films 268, 64 (1995). 3. S. Veprek and A. S. Argon, Surf. Coat. Technol , 175 (2001). 4. S. Zhang, D. Sun, Y. Q. Fu and H. J. Du, Surf. Coat. Technol. 167, 113 (2003).
6 802 S. Zhang et al. 5. F. Vaz, L. Rebouta and P. Goudeau, Surf. Coat. Technol. 146, 274 (2001). 6. J. Musil and H. Hruby, Thin Solid Films 36, 104 (2000). 7. J. Musil, P. Karvankova and J. Kasl, Surf. Coat. Technol. 139, 101 (2001). 8. S. Zhang, Y. Q. Fu, H. J. Du, X. T. Zeng and Y. C. Liu, Surf. Coat. Technol. 162, 42 (2002). 9. S. Veprek and M. Haussmann, Surf. Coat. Technol , 394 (1996). 10. S. Zhang, X. L. Bui and Y. Q. Fu, Thin Solid Films 467, 261 (2004). 11. J. Kovac et al., J. Appl. Phys. 86, 5566 (1999). 12. F. Esaka et al., J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 15, 2521 (1997). 13. M. Delfino, J. A. Fair and D. Hodul, J. Appl. Phys. 71, 6079 (1992). 14. I. Strydom and S. Hofmann, J. Electron. Spectroscopy. Relat. Phenom. 56, 85 (1991).
Thermal stability and oxidation properties of magnetron sputtered diamond-like carbon and its nanocomposite coatings
Diamond & Related Materials 15 (6) 972 976 www.elsevier.com/locate/diamond Thermal stability and oxidation properties of magnetron sputtered diamond-like carbon and its nanocomposite coatings Sam Zhang
More informationNi-toughened nc-tin/a-sin x nanocomposite thin films
Surface & Coatings Technology 200 (2005) 1530 1534 www.elsevier.com/locate/surfcoat Ni-toughened nc-tin/a-sin x nanocomposite thin films Sam Zhang a, *, Deen Sun a, Yongqing Fu a, Y.T. Pei b, J.Th.M. De
More informationNanocomposite Thin Films for both Mechanical and Functional Applications
Nanocomposite Thin Films for both Mechanical and Functional Applications SAM ZHANG, 1 YONGQING FU, 1,2 HEJUN DU, 1,2 YANG LIU, 3 TUPEI CHEN 3 1 School of MPE, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
More informationInvestigation of molybdenum-carbon films Mo C:H deposited using an electron cyclotron resonance chemical vapor deposition system
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS VOLUME 88, NUMBER 6 15 SEPTEMBER 2000 Investigation of molybdenum-carbon films Mo C:H deposited using an electron cyclotron resonance chemical vapor deposition system Rusli,
More informationVacuum 85 (2011) 792e797. Contents lists available at ScienceDirect. Vacuum. journal homepage:
Vacuum 85 (2011) 792e797 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Vacuum journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/vacuum Microstructure and property evolution of Cr-DLC films with different Cr content
More informationMicrostructure, morphology and their annealing behaviors of alumina films synthesized by ion beam assisted deposition
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B 206 (2003) 357 361 www.elsevier.com/locate/nimb Microstructure, morphology and their annealing behaviors of alumina films synthesized by ion beam assisted
More informationTowards high adherent and tough a-c coatings
Thin Solid Films 482 (2005) 138 144 www.elsevier.com/locate/tsf Towards high adherent and tough a-c coatings Sam Zhang a, *, Xuan Lam Bui a, X.T. Zeng b, Xiaomin Li c a School of Mechanical and Production
More informationMetal-containing diamond-like carbon with self-assembled alternating nano-scaled layers
Metal-containing diamond-like carbon with self-assembled alternating nano-scaled layers Wan-Yu Wu, Jyh-Ming Ting* Mina Materials Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng
More informationThis article was originally published in a journal published by Elsevier, and the attached copy is provided by Elsevier for the author s benefit and for the benefit of the author s institution, for non-commercial
More informationSupporting Online Material for
www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/science.1200448/dc1 Supporting Online Material for Increasing Solar Absorption for Photocatalysis with Black Hydrogenated Titanium Dioxide Nanocrystals This PDF file
More informationDetermination of the sp 3 C content of a-c films through EELS analysis in the TEM
Surface & Coatings Technology 200 (2005) 739 743 www.elsevier.com/locate/surfcoat Determination of the sp 3 C content of a-c films through EELS analysis in the TEM D. Galvan a, T, Y.T. Pei a, J.Th.M. De
More informationLow Thermal Budget NiSi Films on SiGe Alloys
Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. Vol. 745 2003 Materials Research Society N6.6.1 Low Thermal Budget NiSi Films on SiGe Alloys S. K. Ray 1,T.N.Adam,G.S.Kar 1,C.P.SwannandJ.Kolodzey Department of Electrical and
More informationStructure and properties of diamond-like carbon nanocomposite films containing copper nanoparticles
Applied Surface Science 242 (2005) 261 269 www.elsevier.com/locate/apsusc Structure and properties of diamond-like carbon nanocomposite films containing copper nanoparticles Chun-Chin Chen, Franklin Chau-Nan
More informationStudy of Gallium Interaction with Metal-oxide Surfaces
WDS'1 Proceedings of Contributed Papers, Part III, 72 77, 21. ISN 978-8-7378-141-5 MATFYZPRESS Study of Gallium Interaction with Metal-oxide Surfaces T. Zahoranová and V. Nehasil Charles University Prague,
More informationRightCopyright 2006 American Vacuum Soci
Title Gallium nitride thin films deposite magnetron sputtering Author(s) Maruyama, T; Miyake, H Citation JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & (2006), 24(4): 1096-1099 TECHNOL Issue Date 2006 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/43541
More informationCharacterization of carbon nitride thin films deposited by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition
Ž. Surface and Coatings Technology 17 000 60 65 Characterization of carbon nitride thin films deposited by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition Y.P. Zhang a,, Y.S. Gu a, X.R. Chang a, Z.Z. Tian a,
More informationGrowth Of TiO 2 Films By RF Magnetron Sputtering Studies On The Structural And Optical Properties
Journal of Multidisciplinary Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST) Growth Of TiO 2 Films By RF Magnetron Sputtering Studies On The Structural And Optical Properties Ahmed K. Abbas 1, Mohammed K. Khalaf
More informationEffect of Silicon Content on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of TiAlSiN Coatings Prepared by Reactive Magnetron Sputtering
Effect of Silicon Content on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of TiAlSiN Coatings Prepared by Reactive Magnetron Sputtering Xudong Sui 1, Guojian Li *2, Qiang Wang 3, Huan Qi 4, Xiangkui Zhou
More informationSynthesis of nanoscale CN x /TiAlN multilayered coatings by ion-beam-assisted deposition
Synthesis of nanoscale / multilayered coatings by ion-beam-assisted deposition M. Cao, D. J. Li, a and X. Y. Deng College of Physics and Electronic Information Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin
More informationAgeing Resistance (12 years) of Hard and Oxidation Resistant SiBCN Coatings
Ageing Resistance (12 years) of Hard and Oxidation Resistant SiBCN Coatings Jiri Houska Department of Physics and NTIS - European Centre of Excellence, University of West Bohemia, Czech Republic Acknowledgment
More informationFormation of Cupric Oxide Films on Quartz Substrates by Annealing the Copper Films
Journal of Applied Chemical Research, 9, 2, 73-79 (2015) Journal of Applied Chemical Research www.jacr.kiau.ac.ir Formation of Cupric Oxide Films on Quartz Substrates by Annealing the Copper Films Abstract
More informationRoman Chistyakov and Bassam Abraham Zond Inc/Zpulser LLC, Mansfield, MA
HIPIMS Arc-Free Reactive Sputtering of Non-conductive Films Using the ENDURA 200 mm Cluster Tool: Direct Comparison Between Pulsed DC Pinnacle Plus and HIPIMS Cyprium Roman Chistyakov and Bassam Abraham
More informationDeposited by Sputtering of Sn and SnO 2
Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 49, No. 5, pp. 448~453, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4191/kcers.2012.49.5.448 Comparative Study of Nitrogen Incorporated SnO 2 Deposited by Sputtering of Sn and
More informationOn the lower thickness boundary of sputtered TiNi films for shape memory application
Thin Solid Films 515 (26) 8 86 www.elsevier.com/locate/tsf On the lower thickness boundary of sputtered TiNi films for shape memory application Y.Q. Fu a,b, *, Sam Zhang b, M.J. Wu b, W.M. Huang b, H.J.
More informationAuthor(s) Chayahara, A; Kinomura, A; Horino, RightCopyright 1999 American Vacuum Soci
Title Titanium nitride prepared by plasma implantation Author(s) Yukimura, K; Sano, M; Maruyama, T; Chayahara, A; Kinomura, A; Horino, Citation JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & (1999), 17(2): 840-844 TECHNOL
More informationPULSED LASER DEPOSITION OF DIAMOND-LIKE AMORPHOUS CARBON FILMS FROM DIFFERENT CARBON TARGETS
Publ. Astron. Obs. Belgrade No. 89 (2010), 125-129 Contributed Paper PULSED LASER DEPOSITION OF DIAMOND-LIKE AMORPHOUS CARBON FILMS FROM DIFFERENT CARBON TARGETS V. GONCHAROV, G. GUSAKOV, M. PUZYREV, M.
More informationStudy on the tribological properties of titanium alloy modified by surface. texture composite DLC film. Zheng Lili, Zhang Yonghai, Chen Wengang*
4th International Conference on Sensors, Measurement and Intelligent Materials (ICSMIM 215) Study on the tribological properties of titanium alloy modified by surface texture composite DLC film Zheng Lili,
More informationRuthenium Oxide Films Prepared by Reactive Biased Target Sputtering
Ruthenium Oxide Films Prepared by Reactive Biased Target Sputtering Hengda Zhang Anthony Githinji 1. Background RuO2 in both crystalline and amorphous forms is of crucial importance for theoretical as
More informationProbing Battery Chemistry with Liquid Cell Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for ChemComm. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 Electronic Supplementary Information (ESI ). Probing Battery Chemistry with Liquid Cell Electron
More informationDeposition of TiN/CrN hard superlattices by reactive d.c. magnetron sputtering
Bull. Mater. Sci., Vol. 26, No. 2, February 2003, pp. 233 237. Indian Academy of Sciences. Deposition of TiN/CrN hard superlattices by reactive d.c. magnetron sputtering HARISH C BARSHILIA and K S RAJAM*
More informationMechanical Properti es of ZnO:Mo Transparent Conducting Oxide Thin Film Prepared by Sputtering
CHINESE JOURNAL OF PHYSICS VOL. 51, NO. 3 June 2013 Mechanical Properti es of ZnO:Mo Transparent Conducting Oxide Thin Film Prepared by Sputtering Y. C. Lin, C. C. Chen, and W. Y. Lai Department of Mechatronics
More informationLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Title Correlation between Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of TiC Films Produced by Vacuum arc Deposition and Reactive
More informationSURFACE ANALYSIS OF WATER ATOMISED HIGH CHROMIUM ALLOYED STEEL POWDER BY X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY
Powder Metallurgy Progress, Vol.13 (2013), No 2 57 SURFACE ANALYSIS OF WATER ATOMISED HIGH CHROMIUM ALLOYED STEEL POWDER BY X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY R. Shvab, E. Hryha, E. Dudrová, O. Bergman and
More informationOxidation behavior of Cu nanoclusters in hybrid thin films
Oxidation behavior of Cu nanoclusters in hybrid thin films Harm Wulff,* Steffen Drache*, Vitezslav Stranak**, Angela Kruth*** *EMAU Greifswald, **South Bohemian University, Budweis, *** INP Greifswald
More informationCharacterization of Polycrystalline SiC Films Grown by HW-CVD using Silicon Tetrafluoride
Characterization of Polycrystalline SiC Films Grown by HW-CVD using Silicon Tetrafluoride Katsuya Abe, Yohei Nagasaka, Takahiro Kida, Tomohiko Yamakami, Rinpei Hayashibe and Kiichi Kamimura, Faculty of
More informationMechanics Capability and Structure of Ion Nitrocarburized Layer of 42MnCr52 Steel Chun-Yang LIU 1, Chun-Hua HU 2,a, Zhi-Jie SUN 2 and Long LI 2
Mechanics Capability and Structure of Ion Nitrocarburized Layer of 42MnCr52 Steel Chun-Yang LIU 1, Chun-Hua HU 2,a, Zhi-Jie SUN 2 and Long LI 2 1 Engineering Training Center, Changchun University of Technology,
More informationEFFECT OF OPERATING TEMPERATURE ON STRUCTURE PROPERTIES OF TIC X NANOPARTICLE COATING APPLIED BY PACVD
2nd International Conference on Ultrafine Grained & Nanostructured Materials (UFGNSM) International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series Vol. 5 (2012) 728 736 World Scientific Publishing Company
More informationSupplementary Information
Supplementary Information Formation of oxygen vacancies and Ti 3+ state in TiO 2 thin film and enhanced optical properties by air plasma treatment Bandna Bharti a, Santosh Kumar b, Heung-No Lee c and Rajesh
More informationDeposition of Diamond-like Carbon Films and Metal-DLC thin films on PCBN Substrates by RF Magnetron Sputtering Method
Deposition of Diamond-like Carbon Films and Metal-DLC thin films on PCBN Substrates by RF Magnetron Sputtering Method Authors & affiliations: Chii-Ruey Lin a,*, Chun-Hsi Su a, Chien-Kuo Chang b, Da-Hua
More informationSynthesis and characterization of super hard, self-lubricating Ti Si C N nanocomposite coatings
Acta Materialia (07) 63 63 www.elsevier.com/locate/actamat Synthesis and characterization of super hard, self-lubricating Ti Si C N nanocomposite coatings S.L. Ma a, *, D.Y. Ma a, Y. Guo a,b.xu a, G.Z.
More informationElectron field emission properties of tetrahedral amorphous carbon films
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS VOLUME 85, NUMBER 9 1 MAY 1999 Electron field emission properties of tetrahedral amorphous carbon films L. K. Cheah, a) X. Shi, E. Liu, and B. K. Tay Ion Beam Processing Lab,
More informationSupplementary Figure 1 TEM of external salt byproducts. TEM image of some salt byproducts precipitated out separately from the Si network, with
Supplementary Figure 1 TEM of external salt byproducts. TEM image of some salt byproducts precipitated out separately from the Si network, with non-uniform particle size distribution. The scale bar is
More informationHigh Density Plasma Etching of IrRu Thin Films as a New Electrode for FeRAM
Integrated Ferroelectrics, 84: 169 177, 2006 Copyright Taylor & Francis Group, LLC ISSN 1058-4587 print / 1607-8489 online DOI: 10.1080/10584580601085750 High Density Plasma Etching of IrRu Thin Films
More informationOxidation of Ni-toughened nc-tin/a-sin x nanocomposite thin films
Oxidation of Ni-toughened nc-tin/a-sin x nanocomposite thin films Sam Zhang a) and Deen Sun School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798 Xianting Zeng
More informationTribological properties of diamond-like carbon films deposited by pulsed laser arc deposition
Vol 16 No 12, December 2007 c 2007 Chin. Phys. Soc. 1009-1963/2007/16(12)/3790-08 Chinese Physics and IOP Publishing Ltd Tribological properties of diamond-like carbon films deposited by pulsed laser arc
More informationHigh Resolution XPS Study of a Thin CoO 111 Film Grown on Co 0001
High Resolution XPS Study of a Thin CoO 111 Film Grown on Co 0001 M. Hassel Lehrstuhl F. Physikal. Chemie I, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, Bochum 44780, Germany H.-J. Freund Abteilung
More informationGrowth and Doping of SiC-Thin Films on Low-Stress, Amorphous Si 3 N 4 /Si Substrates for Robust Microelectromechanical Systems Applications
Journal of ELECTRONIC MATERIALS, Vol. 31, No. 5, 2002 Special Issue Paper Growth and Doping of SiC-Thin Films on Low-Stress, Amorphous Si 3 N 4 /Si Substrates for Robust Microelectromechanical Systems
More informationApplied Surface Science
Applied Surface Science 255 (2009) 4425 4429 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Applied Surface Science journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/apsusc Structure and mechanical properties of reactive
More informationCombinatorial RF Magnetron Sputtering for Rapid Materials Discovery: Methodology and Applications
Combinatorial RF Magnetron Sputtering for Rapid Materials Discovery: Methodology and Applications Philip D. Rack,, Jason D. Fowlkes, and Yuepeng Deng Department of Materials Science and Engineering University
More informationacta physica slovaca vol. 55 No. 4, August 2005 THERMIONIV VACUUM ARC NEW TECHNIQUE FOR HIGH PURITY CARBON THIN FILM DEPOSITION
acta physica slovaca vol. 55 No. 4, 417 421 August 2005 THERMIONIV VACUUM ARC NEW TECHNIQUE FOR HIGH PURITY CARBON THIN FILM DEPOSITION G. Musa 1,a, I. Mustata a, M. Blideran a, V. Ciupina b, R. Vladoiu
More informationINFLUENCE OF NON-THERMAL MICROWAVE EFFECTS ON HEMP FIBER OBTANED BY MICROWAVE ASSISTED DEGUMMING
CELLULOSE CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY INFLUENCE OF NON-THERMAL MICROWAVE EFFECTS ON HEMP FIBER OBTANED BY MICROWAVE ASSISTED DEGUMMING MINGWEI TIAN, *,**,*** LIJUN QU, *,**,*** SHIFENG ZHU *,** and GUANGTING
More informationNew tools and processes for improving machining of heat resistant alloys used in aerospace applications MACHERENA
New tools and processes for improving machining of heat resistant alloys used in aerospace applications MACHERENA P. Alonso, GEYCA, Spain Aeronautical Days 2006 Vienna, 20 June 2006 Objective Improvement
More informationStudy of Ion Beam Sputtering using Different Materials
ab Journal of Nuclear Science and Applications, 5(), Study of Ion Beam Sputtering using Different Materials H. El-Khabeary Accelerators & Ion Sources Department, Basic Nuclear Science Division, Nuclear
More informationFormation mechanism of new corrosion resistance magnesium thin films by PVD method
Surface and Coatings Technology 169 170 (2003) 670 674 Formation mechanism of new corrosion resistance magnesium thin films by PVD method a, a a a b M.H. Lee *, I.Y. Bae, K.J. Kim, K.M. Moon, T. Oki a
More informationTitle: X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Study of BaWO 4 and Ba 2 CaWO 6. Author: Angela M. Capece James E. Polk Joseph E. Shepherd
Title: X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Study of BaWO 4 and Ba 2 CaWO 6 Author: Angela M. Capece James E. Polk Joseph E. Shepherd PII: S0368-2048(14)00221-7 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.elspec.2014.10.001
More informationElectronic Supplementary Information
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Nanoscale. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 Electronic Supplementary Information Co-sputter Deposited Nickel-Copper Bimetallic Nanoalloy Embedded
More informationHiPIMS Technology: advantages and disadvantages
Vacuum plasma technology HiPIMS Technology: advantages and disadvantages Cr - DC Cr - HiPIMS Alessandro Patelli alessandro.patelli@venetonanotech.it Outline 1. What is HiPIMS Ti target surface 2. What
More informationStudy of The Structural and Optical Properties of Titanium dioxide Thin Films Prepared by RF Magnetron sputtering
Study of The Structural and Optical Properties of Titanium dioxide Thin Films Prepared by RF Magnetron sputtering Aqeel K. Hadi 1, Muneer H.Jaduaa 1, Abdul- Hussain K. Elttayef 2 1 Wasit University - College
More informationTechniques to Improve Coating Adhesion of Superhard Coatings
Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals. Vol.16 No.2 pp.19-23, 2006 Techniques to Improve Coating Adhesion of Superhard Coatings Nurot PANICH 1, Panyawat WANGYAO 1*, Nuntapol VATTANAPRATEEP 2 and Sun
More informationStudies of the oxidation of iron by air after being exposed to water vapour using angle-resolved x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and QUASES
SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS Surf. Interface Anal. 2004; 36: 1637 1641 Published online 29 November 2004 in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI: 10.1002/sia.1992 Short Communication
More informationInfluence of beryllium carbide formation on deuterium retention and release
Influence of beryllium carbide formation on deuterium retention and release C. Porosnicu a *, A. Anghel a, K. Sugiyama b, K. Krieger b, J. Roth b, C. P. Lungu a a National Institute for Laser, Plasma and
More informationSurface & Coatings Technology
Surface & Coatings Technology 231 (2013) 346 352 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Surface & Coatings Technology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/surfcoat Toward hard yet tough CrAlSiN
More informationMANUSCRIPT COVER PAGE
MANUSCRIPT COVER PAGE Abstract ID: yclee11 or Program ID: EP406 Title of Paper: Microstructure and Phase Transformation of Zinc Titanate Thin Films Keywords: ZnTiO 3 ; thin film; amorphous; magnetron sputtering;
More informationExcimer Laser Annealing of Hydrogen Modulation Doped a-si Film
Materials Transactions, Vol. 48, No. 5 (27) pp. 975 to 979 #27 The Japan Institute of Metals Excimer Laser Annealing of Hydrogen Modulation Doped a-si Film Akira Heya 1, Naoto Matsuo 1, Tadashi Serikawa
More informationSubstrate surface effect on the structure of cubic BN thin films from synchrotron-based X-ray diffraction and reflection
Substrate surface effect on the structure of cubic BN thin films from synchrotron-based X-ray diffraction and reflection X.M. Zhang, W. Wen, X.L.Li, X.T. Zhou published on Dec 2012 PHYS 570 Instructor
More informationOptimization of nitrogenated amorphous carbon films deposited by dual ion beam sputtering
Materials Science and Engineering B64 (1999) 6 11 www.elsevier.com/locate/mseb Optimization of nitrogenated amorphous carbon films deposited by dual ion beam sputtering L.K. Cheah *, X. Shi, E. Liu, B.K.
More informationStudy on the XPS-ESCA of Aluminum Phosphide Products
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2005, 6, 198 202 International Journal of Molecular Sciences ISSN 1422-0067 2005 by MDPI www.mdpi.org/ijms/ Study on the XPS-ESCA of Aluminum Phosphide Products Canping Pan *, Weixi Li
More informationAn advantage of thin-film silicon solar cells is that they can be deposited on glass substrates and flexible substrates.
ET3034TUx - 5.2.1 - Thin film silicon PV technology 1 Last week we have discussed the dominant PV technology in the current market, the PV technology based on c-si wafers. Now we will discuss a different
More informationLow energy electron bombardment induced surface contamination of Ru mirrors
Low energy electron bombardment induced surface contamination of Ru mirrors A. Al-Ajlony a, A. Kanjilal a, M. Catalfano a,s. S. Harilal a, A. Hassanein a and B. Rice b a Center for Materials Under Extreme
More informationMagnesium Oxide Films as Temperature Sensor
Asian Journal of Chemistry Vol. 21, No. 1 (29), S76-8 Magnesium Oxide Films as Temperature Sensor ISHU SHARMA, AMBIKA and P.B.BARMAN* Department of Physics, Jaypee University of Information Technology
More informationHigh Resolution XPS Study of a Thin Cr 2 O Film Grown on Cr 110
High Resolution XPS Study of a Thin Cr 2 O 3 111 Film Grown on Cr 110 M. Hassel and I. Hemmerich Lehrstuhl F. Physikal. Chemie I, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, Bochum 44780, Germany H.
More informationDOI: /jtasr/2015/17 REVEIW ARTICLE
REVIEW ON SILICON DOPED DIAMOND LIKE CARBON FILMS AND THEIR CHARACTERIZATION Vishnukant Amdabade 1, Ramesh V 2, Desai S. M 3, Raju G. K. M 4, Shekhar S. M 5 HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Vishnukant Amdabade,
More informationDevelopment of Diamond-like Carbon-based Nanocomposite as Protective Coatings. Bui Xuan Lam. School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering
Development of Diamond-like Carbon-based Nanocomposite as Protective Coatings Bui Xuan Lam School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering A thesis submitted to the Nanyang Technological University in fulfilment
More informationInvestigation of wurtzite (B,Al)N films prepared on polycrystalline diamond
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Thin Solid Films 516 (2007) 223 227 www.elsevier.com/locate/tsf Investigation of wurtzite (B,Al)N films prepared on polycrystalline diamond J.H. Song a, J.L. Huang
More informationSynthesis and Characterization of DC Magnetron Sputtered ZnO Thin Films Under High Working Pressures
Accepted Manuscript Synthesis and Characterization of DC Magnetron Sputtered ZnO Thin Films Under High Working Pressures M. Hezam, N. Tabet, A. Mekki PII: S0040-6090(10)00417-7 DOI: doi: 10.1016/j.tsf.2010.03.091
More informationSupplimentary Information. Large-Scale Synthesis and Functionalization of Hexagonal Boron Nitride. Nanosheets
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Nanoscale. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 Supplimentary Information Large-Scale Synthesis and Functionalization of Hexagonal Boron Nitride
More informationComparison of Carbon Coatings Deposited by Different Techniques
Comparison of Carbon Coatings Deposited by Different Techniques V. Gorokhovsky, K.Coulter, M.Miller, R.Wei, C. Ellis, C.Engel Southwest Research Institute San Antonio, Texas Funded by SwRI: Project No.
More informationField-Effect Transistor with Deposited Graphite Thin Film. Research Institute of Electronics, Shizuoka University, Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu
Field-Effect Transistor with Deposited Graphite Thin Film Hiroshi Inokawa *, Masao Nagase 1, Shigeru Hirono 2, Touichiro Goto 1, Hiroshi Yamaguchi 1, and Keiichi Torimitsu 1 Research Institute of Electronics,
More informationComparative studies on XRD and band gap of thin films of gel grown, doped and undoped PbI 2, and pure powder of PbI 2
Available online at www.scholarsresearchlibrary.com Scholars Research Library Archives of Applied Science Research, 11, 3 (3):65-71 (http://scholarsresearchlibrary.com/archive.html) ISSN 975-58X CODEN
More informationAnderson Materials Evaluation, Inc.
Anderson Materials Evaluation, Inc. Surface, Interface, Thin Film, Coating, & Bulk Materials Characterization Laboratory Email: Charles.Anderson@AndersonMaterials.com www.andersonmaterials.com 9051 Red
More informationCharacterization and erosion of metal-containing carbon layers
Characterization and erosion of metal-containing carbon layers Martin Balden Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, EURATOM Association, D-85748 Garching, Germany Materials Research Division (MF) Outline
More informationIon assisted deposition of titanium chromium nitride
Thin Solid Films 497 (2006) 189 195 www.elsevier.com/locate/tsf Ion assisted deposition of titanium chromium nitride V.M. Vishnyakov a, *, V.I. Bachurin b, K.F. Minnebaev c, R. Valizadeh a, D.G. Teer d,
More informationX-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is a non-destructive technique used to analyze the elemental compositions, chemical and electronic states of materials. XPS has a
More informationInterface potential measurement with electron spectroscopic method
Journal of Surface Analysis Vol.13 No. 2 (2006) pp. 185-189 Interface potential measurement with electron spectroscopic method Michiko Yoshitake * and Weijie Song National Research Institute for Materials
More informationarxiv:cond-mat/ v2 [cond-mat.mtrl-sci] 29 Nov 2003
Fabrication and Electrical Properties of Pure Phase Films B. G. Chae, D. H. Youn, H. T. Kim, S. Maeng, and K. Y. Kang Basic Research Laboratory, ETRI, Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea arxiv:cond-mat/0311616v2
More informationDeposition of C-F Thin Films by Sputtering and Their Micromechanical Properties
M. New Wang Diamond et al. and Frontier Carbon Technology 29 Vol. 15, No. 1 2005 MYU Tokyo NDFCT 472 Deposition of C-F Thin Films by Sputtering and Their Micromechanical Properties Mei Wang, Shuichi Watanabe
More informationSolid-Phase Synthesis of Mg2Si Thin Film on Sapphire substrate
Proc. Asia-Pacific Conf. on Semiconducting Silicides and Related Materials 2016 JJAP Conf. Proc. 5, https://doi.org/10.7567/jjapcp.5.011302 Solid-Phase Synthesis of Mg2Si Thin Film on Sapphire substrate
More informationXPS analysis of surface modification of Cu-Ru composites for interconnect applications
XPS analysis of surface modification of Cu-Ru composites for interconnect applications R Sule 1, JKO Asante 2, 1, PA Olubambi 1, WD Roos 3 1 Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Tshwane
More informationAluminum nitride films synthesized by dual ion beam sputtering
Aluminum nitride films synthesized by dual ion beam sputtering Sheng Han Department of Finance, National Taichung Institute of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan 404, Republic of China Hong-Ying Chen Department
More informationSupporting Information. Low temperature synthesis of silicon carbide nanomaterials using
Supporting Information Low temperature synthesis of silicon carbide nanomaterials using solid-state method Mita Dasog, Larissa F. Smith, Tapas K. Purkait and Jonathan G. C. Veinot * Department of Chemistry,
More informationSupporting information
Supporting information The Bifunctional atalyst of ore-shell Nanoparticles Socketed on Oxygen-Deficient Layered Perovskite for Soot ombustion: in-situ Observation of Synergistic Dual Active Sites Yi-Fei
More informationCCQM-K67 and P108. SURFACE ANALYSIS MEASUREMENT OF THE COMPOSITION OF Fe-Ni ALLOY FILMS
CCQM-K67 and P108 SURFACE ANALYSIS MEASUREMENT OF THE COMPOSITION OF Fe-Ni ALLOY FILMS A Key Comparison of the Consultative Committee on Amount of Substance Draft B Report of the Results Kyung Joong KIM
More informationPractical Technique for Restraining Differential Charging in X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy: Os Coating
Practical Technique for Restraining Differential Charging in X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy: Os Coating Y. Mori Materials Research Laboratory NGK Insulators, Ltd. -56 Suda-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8530,
More informationThin Films: Sputtering Systems (Jaeger Ch 6 & Ruska Ch 7,) Can deposit any material on any substrate (in principal) Start with pumping down to high
Thin Films: Sputtering Systems (Jaeger Ch 6 & Ruska Ch 7,) Can deposit any material on any substrate (in principal) Start with pumping down to high vacuum ~10-7 torr Removes residual gases eg oxygen from
More informationCHARACTERIZATION OF TiAlN COATINGS
Nanomaterials: Applications and Properties (NAP-2011). Vol. 1, Part I 15 CHARACTERIZATION OF TiAlN COATINGS V.N. Denisov 1,2*, B.N. Mavrin 2, E.A. Vinogradov 2, S.N. Polyakov 1, A.N. Kirichenko 1, K.V.
More informationSupporting Information. Trapping the Catalyst Working State by Amber-Inspired Hybrid
Supporting Information Trapping the Catalyst Working State by Amber-Inspired Hybrid Material and Revealing the Cobalt Nanostructure Evolution in Gas-to- Liquid Processing Bingbing Zhang a, Haiquan Su a*,
More informationAn XPS and Atomic Force Microscopy Study of the Micro-Wetting Behavior of Water on Pure Chromium* 1
Materials Transactions, Vol. 44, No. 3 (2003) pp. 389 to 395 #2003 The Japan Institute of Metals An XPS and Atomic Force Microscopy Study of the Micro-Wetting Behavior of Water on Pure Chromium* 1 Rongguang
More informationTHE INFLUENCE OF NITROGEN CONTENT ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF TiN x THIN FILMS PREPARED BY REACTIVE MAGNETRON SPUTTERING
Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Braşov Series I: Engineering Sciences Vol. 5 (54) No. 2-2012 THE INFLUENCE OF NITROGEN CONTENT ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF TiN x THIN FILMS PREPARED BY REACTIVE
More informationCharacterization of amorphous and nanocomposite Nb Si C thin films deposited by DC magnetron sputtering
Characterization of amorphous and nanocomposite Nb Si C thin films deposited by DC magnetron sputtering Nils Nedfors, Olof Tengstrand, Axel Flink, Per Eklund, Lars Hultman and Ulf Jansson Linköping University
More informationA Basic Introduction to Thin-Film Coatings. From the Experts at VaporTech
A Basic Introduction to Thin-Film Coatings From the Experts at VaporTech What are thin-film coatings? 2018 Vapor Technologies, Inc. All rights reserved. Thin-film coatings Physical or Chemical Vapor Deposition
More information