Indian Minerals Yearbook 2013 (Part- III : MINERAL REVIEWS)

Transcription

1 Indian Minerals Yearbook 2013 (Part- III : MINERAL REVIEWS) 52 nd Edition OCHRE (FINAL RELEASE) GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF MINES INDIAN BUREAU OF MINES Indira Bhavan, Civil Lines, NAGPUR PHONE/FAX NO. (0712) PBX : (0712) , , cme@ibm.gov.in Website: July,

2 37 Ochre Ochre is a natural earth pigment containing hydrated iron oxide, which ranges in colour from yellow to deep orange or brown. The pigmentary quality is mainly due to the presence of iron oxide; hydrated iron oxide imparts yellow colour and anhydrous iron oxide red. A mixture of ferrous and ferric oxide imparts mainly brown besides other shades. Ochres are non-toxic and can be used to make paints that dries quickly and covers surfaces thoroughly. Occurences of ochre have been reported from several states in the country. RESOURCES Deposits of red ochre are found chiefly in West Godavari and Visakhapatnam districts in Andhra Pradesh; Banaskantha district in Gujarat; Bidar district in Karnataka; Satna and Gwalior districts in Madhya Pradesh; Nagpur district in Maharashtra; and Chittorgarh and Udaipur districts in Deposits of yellow ochre are found in Guntur and Kurnool districts in Andhra Pradesh; Jabalpur, Mandla, Satna and Shahdol districts in Madhya Pradesh and Nagpur district in Maharashtra. The total resources of ochre as on as per the UNFC system, are estimated at million tonnes. Out of these resources, about million tonnes are reserves and million tonnes are remaining resources. Of the total, about 87% resources are of red ochre,11% of yellow ochre and remaining 2% of grades "not-known". About 81% resources are concentrated in Rajasthan, followed by Andhra Pradesh 8%, Madhya Pradesh 7% and Gujarat about 2%. The remaining 2% resources are located in Karnataka, Maharashtra, Jharkhand and Uttar Pradesh (Table - 1). PRODUCTION, STOCKS & PRICES The production of ochre at 1.79 million tonnes in increased by about 14% as against the production in the previous year. There were 37 reporting mines in as against 43 in the previous year. Besides, the production of ochre was also reported as an associated mineral from 13 mines. Six principal producers accounted for 77% of the total production during the year. The entire production of ochre was reported from private sector in the both years. Rajasthan continued to be the leading State producing ochre, contributing 93% of the total production in followed by Andhra Pradesh 5%, Madhya Pradesh 2% and remaining minor production was contributed by Gujarat. (Tables- 2 to 5). Mine-head stocks of ochre at the end of were 442 thousand tonnes as against 398 thousand tonnes at the beginning of the year (Table- 6). The average daily employment of labour in was 492 as against 454 in the previous year. Domestic prices of ochre are furnished in the General Review on 'Prices'. MINING & PROCESSING Ochre is worked by shallow open-pit mining. In certain areas, it is also worked by underground method of board-and-pillar. Red and yellow ochres occur separately in different bands,depending upon the hydration either in the same mine or in different mines.the run-of-mine contains gritty matter which is removed by levigation & also by hand sorting wherever possible. 37-2

3 Table 1 : Reserves/Resources of Ochre as on (By Grades/States) (In tonnes) Reserves Remaining resources Total Proved Probable Total Feasibility Pre-feasibility Measured Indicated Inferred Reconnaissance Total resources STD111 (A) STD211 STD331 STD332 STD333 STD334 (B) (A+B) STD121 STD122 STD221 STD222 All India : Total By Grades Red Ochre Yellow Ochre Not-known By States OCHRE Andhra Pradesh Gujarat Jharkhand Karnataka Madhya Pradesh Maharashtra Rajasthan Uttar Pradesh Figures rounded off.

4 Table 2 : Principal Producers of Ochre, Name & address of producer State Location of mine District *Mohd. Sherkhan Pathan, Rajasthan Chittorgarh P. O. Sawa , Dist. Chittorgarh, Anil Kumar Sukhwal, Rajasthan Chittorgarh Post Sawa , Dist. Chittorgarh, *Mohmmed Sayeed Khan, Rajasthan Chittorgarh At & Post Sawa , Dist. Chittorgarh, Star minerals, Rajasthan Chittorgarh Post: Sawa , Dist. Chittorgarh, *Bhagwan Swaroop Mandowara Rajasthan Bhilwara C/o R.B.Mining Co.,Gudda, P.O.Mandal , Dist. Bhilwara, M.J. Minerals Rajasthan Chittorgarh Prop.Muhamaa Jawed Khan, P.O. Sawa Dist. Chittorgarh,, * Producing ochre as an associated mineral. Table 3 : Production of Ochre, to (By States) (Qty in tonnes; value in L'000) State (P) Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value India Andhra Pradesh Gujarat Jharkhand Karnataka Madhya Pradesh Rajasthan

5 Table 4: Production of Ochre, and (By Sector/States/Districts) (Qty in tonnes; value in L'000) State/District (P) No. of mines Quantity Value No. of mines Quantity Value India 43(19) (13) Private sector 43(19) (13) Andhra Pradesh 8(3) Anantpur Cuddapah Godawari West (1) Guntur (1) Kurnool 4(1) Gujarat Patan Karnataka (1) Bellary (1) Madhya Pradesh 16(4) (2) Jabalpur 3(1) Katni (1) (1) Rewa 1(1) (1) Satna 11(1) Umaria Rajasthan 17(11) (11) Bharatpur Bhilwara 1(2) (2) Bikaner (2) (3) Bundi (1) (1) Chittorgarh 9(5) (4) Pratapgarh Sikar Udaipur 3(1) (1) Figures in parentheses indicate number of associated mines. Table 5 : Production of Ochre, and (P) (By Frequency Groups) (Qty in tonnes) No. of mines Production Percentage in total Cumulative percentage Production for the groups production group All Groups 43(19) 37(13) Up to (7) 22(5) to (2) 4(1) to (2) 3(1) to (1) 3(1) & above 7(7) 5(5) Figures in parentheses indicate number of associated mines. 37-5

6 CONSUMPTION Consumption of ochre in in the organised sector was estimated at 1,100 thousand tonnes of which cement industry alone consumed about 99%. The remaining consumption was together shared by ceramic, foundry, glass, paint and paper industries. A sizeable quantity is believed to have been consumed by small-scale units as well as cottage industries. However, consumption data in this sector are not available (Table-7 ). Ochre is used in colour - washes, distempers, oil paints, lacquers, primers and also for imparting colour to paper and cement. It dominates the market because it is cheaper, available in abundance and has good pigmentary quality. At present, synthetic ferric oxide and other pigments are manufactured extensively and these possess better pigmentary properties than natural ochre. Synthetic products are fast replacing the natural ones, particularly because of quality. Table 6 : Mine-head Stocks of Ochre (P) (By States) (In tonnes) State At the beginning At the end of the year of the year India Andhra Pradesh Gujarat Jharkhand Karnataka Madhya Pradesh Rajasthan Table 7 : Consumption of Ochre, to (By Industries) (In tonnes) Industry (R) (P) All Industries Cement (10) (13) (13) Ceramic 8900 (1) 8900 (1) 8900 (1) Glass ++ (2) ++ (2) ++ (2) Paint 3500 (10) 3600(15) 3600(15) Figures rounded off. Figures in parentheses denote the number of units in organised sector reporting* industrial consumption. (*) Includes actual reported consumption and/or estimates made wherever required. Note: Data on consumption of ochre (including oxide) relate to units reporting from organised sector only. The data do not include consumption in small-scale units, cottage industries, colour washing, construction industry, etc. 37-6

7 FOREIGN TRADE Exports Exports of ochre increased marginally to 8,378 tonnes in from 7,741 tonnes in the previous year. Out of total exports in ,exports of earth colours were 6,338 tonnes, redoxide 1,388 tonnes and yellow ochre 652 tonnes. Exports were mainly to Netherlands (24%), Philippines (17%), Saudi Arabia (11%) and UAE (8 %). Exports of earth clay in were 13,949 tonnes compared to 4,498 tonnes in the previous year. Exports were mainly to Malaysia, Saudi Arabia and Republic of Korea, (Tables - 8 to 13). Imports Imports of ochre decreased slightly to 1,222 tonnes in from 1,359 tonnes in the previous year. Out of total imports in , imports of earth colours were 17 tonnes, red oxide 1121 tonnes, Persian red 74 tonnes and yellow ochre 10 tonnes. Imports of ochre were mainly from USA(72%), China (7%) & Germany (5%). Imports of earth clay were 196 tonnes in as against 65 tonnes in the previous year. The imports were mainly from Indonesia (Tables - 14 to 19). Table 8 : Exports of Ochre : Total All Countries Saudi Arabia Philippines Nepal UAE Indonesia Table 9 : Exports of Ochre: Earth Colours All Countries Philippines Saudi Arabia Kuwait Netherlands Indonesia China Nepal Romania UAE Germany Other countries Table 10 : Exports of Ochre: Yellow Ochre All Countries Saudi Arabia Spain USA South Africa Tanzania Philippines UAE Nepal Senegal Ethiopia Other countries Table 11 : Exports of Persian Red China Kuwait Netherlands Tanzania Thailand Other countries All Countries Italy Other countries

8 Table 12 : Exports of Ochre: Red Oxide All Countries Saudi Arabia Nepal UAE Tanzania, Rep Thailand Senegal China Yemen, Rep. of Indonesia Ethiopia Other countries Table 13 : Exports of Earth Clay All Countries Malaysia Saudi Arabia Spain Bangladesh Israel Korea, Rep.of UAE Oman Tanzania Nepal Other countries Table 14 : Imports of Ochre: Total All Countries USA China Indonesia Germany Korea Rep.of Belgium Turkmenistan Brazil Denmark Thailand Other countries Table 15 : Imports of Ochre: Earth Colours All Countries Belgium USA Romania Japan Italy Canada France Other countries Table 16 : Imports of Ochre: Yellow Ochre All Countries China Belgium Germany Italy Japan Other countries Table 17 : Imports of Persian Red All Countries Indonesia Korea, Rep. of USA Other countries

9 Table 18 : Imports of Red Oxide All Countries USA China Germany Belgium Turkmenistan Brazil Denmark Thailand Korea, Rep. of Croatia Other countries Table 19 : Imports of Earth Clay All Countries Indonesia China Japan Cyprus, Rep. of Germany Netherlands UK Portugal Other countries

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