Center for By-Products Utilization

Transcription

1 Center for By-Products Utilization DRAFT Evaluation of Biron #5 Boiler Ash from Stora Enso North America By Tarun R. Naik and Rudolph N. Kraus REP-500 February 2003 Submitted to Mr. John Michalsen, Stora Enso North America, Wisconsin Rapids, WI Department of Civil Engineering and Mechanics College of Engineering and Applied Science THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN - MILWAUKEE

2 Evaluation of Biron #5 Boiler Ash from Stora Enso North America A Report Submitted to Mr. John Michalsen Stora Enso North America Wisconsin Rapids, WI February 2003 REP-500

3 Evaluation of Biron #5 Boiler Ash from Stora Enso North America by Tarun R. Naik, Ph.D., P.E. and Rudolph N. Kraus, M.E. UWM Center for By-Products Utilization Department of Civil Engineering and Mechanics College of Engineering and Applied Science The University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee P.O. Box 784 Milwaukee WI Ph: (414) Fax: (414) ii

4 Executive Summary TITLE: Evaluation of Biron #5 Boiler Ash from Stora Enso North America SOURCE: UWM-CBU Report No. REP-500 BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: To conduct physical, chemical, and mineralogical properties tests for ash obtained from the Biron #5 boiler. The purpose of this analysis is to determine the properties of the fly ash produced during a time when coal alone was being used as fuel, without the wood products normally used. A total of two samples were submitted to UWM- CBU for analysis, one sample taken at 2:00 p.m., and a second taken at 11:00 a.m. Only the sample taken at 2:00 p.m. was analyzed per the instructions of Stora Enso North America. Additional testing and analysis will be conducted based on the test results of the sample taken at 2:00 p.m. SUMMARY OF RESULTS: Test Results indicate that the as-received sample meets many of the requirements (although not all) for ASTM C 618 for Class C fly ash. 3

5 Table 1: As-Received Moisture Content of the Biron #5 Boiler Ash Source Moisture Content, % (As-Received Sample) Actual* Average Biron #5 Ash * Moisture Content, as-received, % = (as-received sample weight dry sample weight) x 100 dry sample weight 4

6 BIRON #5 BOILER ASH FROM STORA ENSO NORTH AMERICA PARTICLE SIZE ANALYSIS 5

7 Table 2: Materials Retained on No. 325 Sieve (Tests conducted per ASTM C 311/C 430) Source % Retained on No. 325 Sieve (As-Received Sample) Actual Average Biron #5 Ash

8 Percent Finer ASTM D 422 Hydrometer Analysis, see Appendix 1 ASTM C 136 Sieve Analysis Particle Diameter, (x10-6 m) Fig. 1: Biron #5 Particle Size Distribution -7-

9 BIRON #5 BOILER ASH FROM STORA ENSO NORTH AMERICA UNIT WEIGHT, VOIDS, AND SPECIFIC GRAVITY -8-

10 Table 3: Unit Weight and Voids (Tests conducted on as-received samples per modified ASTM C 29) Source Biron #5 Ash Unit Weight (lbs/ft 3 ) Voids (%) Actual Average Actual Average Table 4: Specific Gravity Source Test Method Specific Gravity Actual Average 2.60 Biron #5 Ash Modified test procedure of ASTM C 311/C

11 BIRON #5 BOILER ASH FROM STORA ENSO NORTH AMERICA ASTM C 618 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES -10-

12 Table 5: Physical Test Requirements of Coal Fly Ash per ASTM C 618 TEST ASTM C 618 SPECIFICATIONS CLASS C CLASS F CLASS N Retained on No.325 sieve, (%) 34 max 34 max 34 max Strength Activity Index with Cement at 7 or 28 days, (% of Control) 75 min 75 min 75 min Water Requirement (% of Control) 105 max 105 max 115 max Autoclave Expansion, (%) ±0.8 ±0.8 ±0.8 Specific Gravity Variation from Mean, (%) Fineness Specific Gravity 5 max 5 max 5 max 5 max 5 max 5 max Table 6: Mortar Cube Compressive Strength* (Tests conducted per ASTM C 311/C 109) Mixture Compressive Strength (psi) 3-Day 7-Day 14-Day 28-Day Control Biron #5 Ash * ASTM C 311 is used in conjunction with ASTM C 618 for evaluation of strength development of mineral admixtures with portland cement. A mineral admixture is added as replacement of cement for the test mixture. Each result is an average of three compression tests. Table 7: Strength Activity Index with Cement* (Tests conducted per ASTM C 311/C 109) Source 3-day Test % 7-Day Test % 14-Day Test % 28-Day Test % Control Biron #5 Ash * Results obtained from the mortar cube compressive strength results, Table

13 Table 8: Water Requirement** Tests conducted per ASTM C 311) Source Water Requirement (% of Control) ASTM C 618 Specifications Class C Class F Class N Biron #5 Ash max 105 Max 115 max **Results obtained for the mortar cube mixtures. Table 9: Pozzolanic Activity Index with Lime (Tests Conducted per ASTM C 311/C ) Source Compressive Strength 7-Day Test psi Biron #5 Ash Actual Average

14 Table 10: Autoclave Expansion or Contraction (Tests Conducted per ASTM C 311/C 151) Source Biron #5 Ash Autoclave Expansion (%) Actual Average

15 BIRON #5 BOILER ASH FROM STORA ENSO NORTH AMERICA ASTM C 618 CHEMICAL PROPERTIES -14-

16 Table 11: Chemical Analysis (oxides, LOI, moisture content, available alkali) (Tests conducted on oven-dried samples) Analysis Parameter ASTM C 618 Requirement (Percent by Weight) Biron #5 Ash Class C Class F Class N Silicon Dioxide, SiO Aluminum Oxide, Al 2 O Iron Oxide, Fe 2 O SiO 2 Al 2 O 3 + Fe 2 O , Min. 70.0, Min. 70.0, Min. Calcium Oxide, CaO Magnesium Oxide, MgO Titanium Oxide, TiO Potassium Oxide, K 2 O Sodium Oxide, Na 2 O Sulfate, SO 3 N/A 5.0, Max. 5.0, Max. 4.0, Max. Loss on Ignition, LOI (@ 750 C) , Max.* 6.0, Max.* 10.0, Max.* Moisture Content , Max. 3.0, Max. 3.0, Max. Available Alkali, Na 2 O Equivalent (ASTM C-311) , Max.** 1.5, Max.** 1.5, Max.** * Under certain circumstances, up to 12.0% max. LOI may be allowed. ** Optional. Required for ASR Minimization. -15-

17 BIRON #5 BOILER ASH FROM STORA ENSO NORTH AMERICA CHEMICAL COMPOSITION -16-

18 Table 13: Mineralogy of Biron #5 Ash MINERALOGY (% by Weight) Analysis Parameter Biron #5 Ash -17-

19 BIRON #5 BOILER ASH FROM STORA ENSO NORTH AMERICA ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS -18-

20 Table 14: Elemental Analysis (As-Received Sample) ELEMENTAL (BULK CHEMICAL) ANALYSIS (Average of two samples unless noted otherwise) Element Material Biron #5 Ash (ppm) Aluminum (Al) Antimony (Sb) Arsenic (As) Barium (Ba) Bromine (Br) Cadmium (Cd) Calcium (Ca) Cerium (Ce) Cesium (Cs) Chlorine (Cl) Chromium (Cr) Cobalt (Co) Copper (Cu) Dysprosium (Dy) * Detection Limit Indicated by "<" -19-

21 Table 14 (Continued): Elemental Analysis (As-Received Sample) ELEMENTAL (BULK CHEMICAL) ANALYSIS (Average of two samples unless noted otherwise) Element Material Biron #5 Ash (ppm) Europium (Eu) Gallium (Ga) Gold (Au) Hafnium (Hf) Holmium (Ho) Indium (In) Iodine (I) Iridium (Ir) Iron (Fe) Lanthanum (La) Lutetium (Lu) Magnesium (Mg) Manganese (Mn) Mercury (Hg) * Detection Limit Indicated by "<" -20-

22 Table 14 (Continued): Elemental Analysis (As-Received Sample) ELEMENTAL (BULK CHEMICAL) ANALYSIS (Average of two samples unless noted otherwise) Element Material Biron #5 Ash (ppm) Molybdenum (Mo) Neodymium (Nd) Nickel (Ni) Palladium (Pd) Potassium (K) Praseodymium (Pr) Rubidium (Rb) Rhenium (Re) Ruthenium (Ru) Samarium (Sm) Scandium (Sc) Selenium (Se) Silver (Ag) Sodium (Na) * Detection Limit Indicated by "<" -21-

23 Table 14 (Continued): Elemental Analysis (As-Received Sample) ELEMENTAL (BULK CHEMICAL) ANALYSIS (Average of two samples unless noted otherwise) Element Material Biron #5 Ash (ppm) Strontium (Sr) Tantalum (Ta) Tellurium (Te) Terbidium (Tb) Thorium (Th) Thulium (Tm) Tin (Sn) Titanium (Ti) Tungsten (W) Uranium (U) Vanadium (V) Ytterbium (Yb) Zinc (Zn) Zirconium (Zr) * Detection Limit Indicated by "<" -22-

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