POLYVEST. Liquid rubbers for enhanced tire performance

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1 POLYVEST Liquid rubbers for enhanced tire performance

2 POLYVEST - Liquid rubbers for enhanced tire performance With POLYVEST Evonik provides a product range of liquid rubbers based on butadiene for the application in tires and mechanical rubber goods. All products are liquid polymers and provide a stereospecific microstructure with low glass transition temperatures. POLYVEST grades are perfectly suited as reactive plasticizers in rubber compounds since they provide an excellent compatibility with solid rubbers and a high reactivity towards sulfur vulcanization. Compared to conventional plasticizers they are chemically integrated into the rubber matrix during the vulcanization process, which prevents migration. Silane and maleic anhydride functionalized grades of POLYVEST allow improving the dispersibility of inorganic fillers in rubber compounds and their adhesion to polar substrates. LYVEST POLYVEST

3 Our Product Range POLYVEST grades for tire applications & mechanical rubber goods POLYVEST Silane-modified OEt EtO Si EtO R x y z n R OEt Si OEt OEt Grade Supply form 30 C / (mpa s) Tg / C Mean molecular weight/ (g/mol) POLYVEST EP ST-E 60 Clear colorless liquid Approx POLYVEST EP ST-E 80 Clear colorless liquid Approx POLYVEST EP ST-E 100 Clear colorless liquid Approx POLYVEST Non-modified z x y Grade Supply form 20 C / (mpa s) Tg / C Mean molecular weight/ (g/mol) POLYVEST EP 130 S Viscous liquid Approx POLYVEST Maleic anhydride modified O O O z x y MA Grade Supply form 20 C / (mpa s) Tg / C Mean molecular weight/ (g/mol) POLYVEST MA 75 Viscous liquid Approx POLYVEST EP MA 120 Viscous liquid C -92 Approx POLYVEST POLYVEST

4 POLYVEST ST Silane Terminated Liquid Rubber Liquid polymeric silane coupling agent for silica-reinforced tire tread compounds Key features and benefits POLYVEST ST Reduced compound viscosity No migration Improved micro-dispersion of silica Reduced Tan d at 60 C Reduced Payne effect POLYVEST ST is a new generation of silane-modified liquid rubber additives. It combines the advantages of liquid rubbers and functional silanes. Its silane functionalities allow the surface modification of hydrophilic silica fillers and therefore improve the dispersibility of silica in rubber compounds. Due to its rubber-based nature POLYVEST ST exhibits a natural fit and excellent compatibility to rubber matrix of tire compounds. During the vulcanization process it incorporates chemically, which exhibits a reinforcement of the rubber matrix and efficiently prevents migration. POLYVEST ST enables to improve the overall performance of silica-reinforced tire tread compounds in combination with sulfur silanes like Si 69 or Si 266. Its application allows to significantly reducing the rolling resistance, which has been indicated by reduced PAYNE effect and tan delta at 60 C in GREEN Tire and truck tire treads compounds. POLYVEST ST is available in three different grades with varying degree of silanization, which allows to optimize the silane/rubber ratio depending on the individual performance needs. POLYVEST ST

5 POLYVEST 130 S Unmodified Liquid Rubber Liquid Polybutadiene as partial oil replacement for tire tread compounds POLYVEST 130 S is a liquid rubber designed for the needs of the tire and rubber industry. It exhibits an excellent compatibility with different rubbers and allows the complete or partial replacement of oil while keeping the compound viscosity low. POLYVEST 130 S is reactively incorporated during the vulcanization process, which prevents migration and bleeding out. POLYVEST MA 75 and POLYVEST EP MA 120 are maleic anhydride functionalized grades, which improve the adhesion to metal surfaces. Key features and benefits POLYVEST 130 S Low glass transition temperature (-100 C) and low product viscosity Reduced compound viscosity No migration and reduced hardness change over time Excellent grip and breaking performance on ice and snow and at same time on wet and dry roads Increased wear resistance POLYVEST 130 s

6 Performance tests of POLYVEST ST in typical silica-reinforced tread compounds for PASSENGER CARS TIRES For technical information about POLYVEST 130 S please write an to polyvest@evonik.com

7 Table 1: Comparison of silica-reinforced rubber compounds Partial replacement of process oil with POLYVEST ST Composition I Reference (with TDAE) II 5 phr POLYVEST ST-E 60 III 9 phr POLYVEST ST-E 60 S-SBR (oil extended) BR Process oil (TDAE) POLYVEST EP ST-E Silica (ULTRASIL 7000 GR) Sulfur-silane (Si 266 ) Sulfur Further additives and process aids are included Table 2: Mixing procedure Mixing Unit: HF Mixing Group GmbH, Type GK 1,5E Stage 1 (65 rpm, batchtemp C) polymers TMQ, 6PPD /2 silica, silane(s), ZnO lift, clean a) add CB to POLYVEST EP ST add mixture to the mixer b) add 1/2 silica c) add remaining chemicals clean mix and keep temp. at C by adjusting RPM Stage 2: (batchtemp: C) st batch stage mix and keep temp. at C by adjusting RPM dump, 45 sec. on open mill (4 mm nip), sheet out Stage 3: (batchtemp C) nd batch stage, accelerators, sulfur dump batch and process on mill during 20 sec. with 3-4 mm nip. cut 3 x left, 3 x right, roll up and pass through a 3 mm nip 3 x sheet off Figure 3: Stress-strain curves at 23 C stress / MPa I (Ref with TDAE) II (5 phr POLYVEST EP ST-E 60) III (9 phr POLYVEST EP ST-E 60) strain / %

8 Figure 4: Shore A hardness and DIN Abrasion Hardness Abrasion -8% Shore A Hardness DIN abrasion 10 reference (I) 5phr 9phr 0 reference (I) 5phr 9phr Figure 5: Improved rolling resistance indicated by reduced tan delta and increased ball rebound at 60 C Max. Loss Factor at 60 C Ball Rebound at 60 C Tan ( ) at 60 C 0,17 0,16 0,15 0,14 0,13 0,12 0,164-16% 0,147 0,137 Ball rebound at 60 C / % % ,11 reference (I) 5phr 9phr 40 reference (I) 5phr 9phr Measured with Zwick, 16 Hz, 50 N +/- 25 N Figure 6: RPA strain sweep at 60 C shows reduced PAYNE effect G* / MPa 4,5 0,25 4,0 3,5 3,0 2,5 2,0 1,5 0,20 0,15 0,10 1,0 0,05 0, tan I (Ref with TDAE) II (5 phr 60) III (9 phr 60) strain / % strain / %

9 Performance tests of POLYVEST ST in typical silica-reinforced tread compounds for TRUCK TIRES

10 Table 7: Performance test of POLYVEST ST in truck tire tread compounds Composition I Reference with carbon black II Reference with silica IV with POLYVEST ST-E 60 V with POLYVEST ST-E 80 VI with POLYVEST ST-E 100 Filler Carbon black 55 phr Ultrasil 7000 GR 55 phr Ultrasil 7000 GR 55 phr Ultrasil 7000 GR 55 phr Ultrasil 7000 GR 55 phr Natural rubber Si POLYVEST EP ST-E POLYVEST EP ST-E POLYVEST EP ST-E Sulfur Further additives and process aids are included Table 8: Mixing procedure Mixing Unit: HF Mixing Group GmbH, Type GK 1,5E Stage 1 (65 rpm, batchtemp C) polymers TMQ, 6PPD /2 silica, silane(s), ZnO lift, clean a) add CB to POLYVEST EP ST-E add mixture to the mixer b) add 1/2 silica c) add remaining chemicals clean mix and keep temp. at C by adjusting RPM Stage 2: (batchtemp: C) st batch stage mix and keep temp. at C by adjusting RPM dump, 45 sec. on open mill (4 mm nip), sheet out Stage 3: (batchtemp C) nd batch stage, accelerators, sulfur dump batch and process on mill during 20 sec. with 3-4 mm nip. cut 3 x left, 3 x right, roll up and pass through a 3 mm nip 3 x sheet off Figure 9: Modulus 300% and Elongation at break Reinforcement shown by increased Modulus Modulus 300% / MPa Elongation at break / % Modulus 300% at 23 C / MPa % Carbon Black Si266 PV ST-E60 PV ST-E80 PV ST-E100 Elongation at break at 23 C / % 521 Carbon Black 553 Si PV ST-E PV ST-E PV ST-E100

11 Figure 10: Shore A hardness and DIN Abrasion Hardness Abrasion Shore A Hardness DIN abrasion Carbon Black Si266 PV ST-E60 PV ST-E80 PV ST-E Carbon Black Si266 PV ST-E60 PV ST-E80 PV ST-E100 Figure 11: Improved rolling resistance indicated by reduced tan delta and increased ball rebound at 60 C Max. Loss Factor at 60 C Ball Rebound at 60 C Tan ( ) at 60 C 0,25 0,20 0,15 0,10 0,20 0,15-33% +8% 0,10 0,10 0,10 Rebound Elasticity* ,05 Carbon Black Si266 PV ST-E60 PV ST-E80 PV ST-E Carbon Black Si266 PV ST-E60 PV ST-E80 PV ST-E100 Measured with Zwick, 16 Hz, 50 N +/- 25 N

12 POLYVEST, Ultrasil, Si 69 and Si 266 are registered trademarks of Evonik Industries AG or one of its subsidiaries. This information and all further technical advice are based on our present knowledge and experience. However, it implies no liability or other legal responsibility on our part, including with regard to existing third party intellectual property rights, especially patent rights. In particular, no warranty, whether express or implied, or guarantee of product properties in the legal sense is intended or implied. We reserve the right to make any changes according to technological progress or further developments. The customer is not released from the obligation to conduct careful inspection and testing of incoming goods. Performance of the product described herein should be verified by testing, which should be carried out only by qualified experts in the sole responsibility of a customer. Reference to trade names used by other companies is neither a recommendation, nor does it imply that similar products could not be used. Dr. Andreas Berlineanu Technical Service Global POLYVEST & POLYVEST MA Reactive Sealants Phone andreas.berlineanu@evonik.com Dr. Niko Haberkorn Technical Service Global POLYVEST HT & ST Reactive Sealants Phone niko.haberkorn@evonik.com 012/2018/e/gh/km EVONIK RESOURCE EFFICIENCY GMBH Coating & Adhesive Resins Paul-Baumann-Straße Marl Germany Phone