EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON PLASTIC FIBER REINFORCED FLYASH BASED GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE

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1 International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 8, Issue 4, April 2017, pp , Article ID: IJCIET_08_04_171 Available online at ISSN Print: and ISSN Online: IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON PLASTIC FIBER REINFORCED FLYASH BASED GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE A. Gowtham Kumar PG student, Department of Civil Engineering, K L University, Andhra Pradesh, India K. Prasanthi Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, K L University, Andhra Pradesh, India ABSTRACT In this experimental study, thermal power plants accessible waste material fly ash is used as geopolymer material. Here testing has been done to study the properties of geopolymer concrete using fly ash as the most important binding resource. Due to its resistance of corrosion ordinary Portland cement is less durable than geopolymer concrete. High calcium fly ash will produce more carbon dioxide emissions to reduce these emissions we have preferred to use low calcium fly ash. In this experimental study, we have used two alkaline liquids as binders, sodium hydroxide (12M) and sodium silicate. These are useful for polymerization process. A mix proportion for geopolymer concrete is different from normal concreteand was designed by assuming the density of geopolymer concrete as 2400 kg/m 3. This experimental study describes the effect of polypropylene fibers in geopolymer concrete. An experimental work has been carried out on cubes, cylinders and prisms to know the various s. The polypropylene fibers were added with five different percentages (0%,0.75%,1.5%,2.25%,3%). The parameters were determined for various ages of concrete. Key words: Geopolymer, Fly ash, Polypropylene fibers, Alkaline Activators. Cite this Article: A. Gowtham Kumar and K. Prasanthi, Experimental Study on Plastic Fiber Reinforced Flyash Based Geopolymer Concrete. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 8(4), 2017, pp INTRODUCTION Building materials are the backbone of the structural designing development. Of all the building materials, concrete is the most resourceful structural materials used in any type of structural designing, development Portland cement production is a major supplier to carbondi-oxide emission. Due to the human activities, the emission of carbon-dioxide gas, causes editor@iaeme.com

2 Experimental Study on Plastic Fiber Reinforced Flyash Based Geopolymer Concrete global warming to the environment. Numerous endeavors are being made with a specific end goal to lessen the utilization of Portland band in cement. These attempts include the consumption of natural or man-made byproducts such as fly ash, GGBS, rice-husk ash[1]. In late 1980 s Prof. Joseph Davidov its proposed the term GEOPOLYMER to the world. Geopolymer otherwise inorganic polymer [1],geopolymer technology can lessen the CO 2 emission brought because of concrete. Davidov its recommended that alkaline solutions are the binders for geopolymer concrete, alkaline solutions such as NaOH, KOH, Na 2 SiO 3, K 2 SiO 3 [2]. Fly ash is the most utilized geopolymer material, in this present study, in which Class F fly ash is used, ClassC fly ash is high calcium fly ash, so we have used Class F as a binder. GGBS is used for setting purposes only, not for. The schematic polymerization is shown in below equations [3]. n(si 2 O 5, Al 2 O 2 )+2nSiO 2 +4nH 2 O+NaOH or KOH Na +,K + + n(oh) 3 -Si-O-Al-O-Si-(OH) 3 ǀ (OH) 2 (Geopolymer precursor) ǀ ǀ ǀ N(OH) 3 -Si-O-Al-O-Si-(OH) 3 + NaOH or KOH (Na+,K+)-(-Si-O-Al-O-Si-O-) + 4nH 2 O ǀ ǀ ǀ O O O ǀ ǀ ǀ (Geopolymer backbone) The common fibers used in the geopolymer concrete are steel, glass, asbestos, plastic, jute, coir[4]. The utilization of plastic has grown a lot everywhere throughout the world; it leads to creating large quantities of plastic-based waste. Plastic waste is one of the challenges to dispose and manage as it is a non-biodegradable material which is harmful to our delightful surroundings. Further research to evaluate the use of plastic waste in geopolymer concrete production is therefore required. This is the foundation of our present study. The waste plastic was converted into fibers and added as an additional ingredient of geopolymer concrete. The compressive of conventional and plastic fiber reinforced geopolymerconcrete were determined and compared Objectives To improve the ductility nature of the structure. Finding an alternate for the OPC. To evaluate the different parameters of fly ash based geopolymer concrete with polypropylene fiber. 2. MATERIALS 2.1. Fly Ash Fly ash is a standout amongst the most inexhaustible resources on the Earth. It is likewise a pivotal fixing in the formation of geopolymer concrete because of its part in the polymerization handle. A pozzolana is a material that displays cementations properties whenconsolidated with Ca(OH) 2. Fly ash slag is the by-product made from the burning of coal in thermal power plants. Fly ash is of ClassF and ClassC. Every class of fly ash has its editor@iaeme.com

3 A. Gowtham Kumar and K. Prasanthi own particular exceptional properties[1]. The fly ash used in this exploration was ClassF as shown in Fig.1, taken from the nearby VTPS, Vijayawada and it has a specific gravity of 2.78 with a consistency of 26%. The chemical framework structure of fly ash remains appears in the Table1. Table 1 Framework structure of fly ash Sl. No CONSTITUENTS % OF CONSTITUENTS 1 SiO Al 2 O Fe 2 O CaO K 2 O Na 2 O MgO SO Figure 1 Fly ash used in this experimental study 2.2. Activators A blend of soluble silicate arrangement and the basic hydroxide arrangement was picked as the anti-acid fluid. Sodium-based arrangements were picked on the grounds that they were less expensive than Potassium-based arrangements. It is seen that the Geopolymers withsodium Hydroxide arrangement display preferred Zeolite properties over Potassium Hydroxide Actuated Geo polymers. So in this experimental study, we have used sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate which was shown in Fig.2 and Fig.3 butthe molarity is kept steady at 12M for all the trial examinations. Properties for alkaline activators (NaOH and Na 2 SiO 3 ) are given in Table 2,3[5]. Table 2 Chemical properties of Sodium hydroxide Chemical representation NaOH Molecular weight ph 14 Specific gravity editor@iaeme.com

4 Experimental Study on Plastic Fiber Reinforced Flyash Based Geopolymer Concrete Figure 2 Sodium hydroxide flakes used in this experimental study Table 3 Physical and chemical properties of sodium silicate Chemical formula Na 2 SiO 3 (colorless) % of Na 2 O 15.9% % of SiO % % of H 2 O 52.7% Appearance Liquid (gel) Specific gravity 1.6 Figure 3 Sodium silicate solution used in this experimental study 2.3. Aggregates The fine aggregate used which was adhering to zone III as per IS: [6]. The coarse aggregate used in this study as per IS: [6]. 10mm and 20mm size aggregates are used in the ratio of 1:2 by practical experience. Properties of aggregates are given in Table editor@iaeme.com

5 A. Gowtham Kumar and K. Prasanthi Table 4 properties for Aggregates S.No Particulars Fine Aggregates Coarse Aggregates 1 Source River sand Crushed 2 Zone Zone- III - 3 Specific Gravity Size of aggregate <4.75mm 20mm&10mm 2.4. Polypropylene fiber In this experimental work, polypropylene fibers as shown in Fig.4haveused a length of 12mm, and the properties of fibers are given in Table 5[5]. Table 5 Properties of Polypropylene Fibers PROPERTIES VALUES Aspect ratio 70 Tensile (Mpa) 2.5x10 3 Elasticity modulus (Mpa) 8x10 3 Specific gravity(g/cm 3 ) 8 3. METHODOLOGY Figure 4 polypropylene fibers used in this experimental study 3.1. Preparation of Activator In this exploration work, the qualities of Geo polymer cement are analyzed for the blends of 12 Molarity of sodium hydroxide. The atomic weight of sodium hydroxide is 40. To get ready 12 Molarity of arrangement480gm of sodium hydroxide chips is weighed and theyhave broken down in refined water the frame of 1-literarrangement [3]. Volumetric vessel of the1- literlimit is taken, sodium hydroxide chips are added gradually to refined water to get ready 1liter arrangement. Quantity of Materials required per m 3 of GPC mix: editor@iaeme.com

6 Experimental Study on Plastic Fiber Reinforced Flyash Based Geopolymer Concrete Fly ash 304.6kg/m 3 GGBS (only to reduce the setting, 76kg/m 3 purpose) Fine aggregates 554.4kg/m 3 10mm and 20mm coarse aggregates kg/m 3 Mass of NaOH solution 48.97kg/m 3 Mass of Na 2 SiO 3 solution 122.4kg/m 3 Liquid to fly ash ratio 0.45 Ratio of alkaline activators (NaoH:Na 2 SiO 3 ) 1: Mixing,Castingand Curing The Na 2 SiO 3 and NaOH are mixed one day before to get polymerization which is perfectly suitable as the binding agent [7]. Powder content (fly ash and GGBS) and aggregate are mixed for one minute and the binding agent is added with small amounts and the mixing is done for 2minutes. Now the fibers are added to the mixture with the slow increment and mixing is done thoroughly. All the materials are mixed manually. Curing is done under ambient conditions. GGBS is added for setting, purpose only, not for parameter. 4. EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM The concrete mixture was prepared by adding polypropylenefibers from 0.75 % to 3.0 % to the cement weight as per Table 6. The experimental program was conducted to determine the parameters of geopolymer concrete of the experimental work. Table 6 Data of specimen s cast Sl. No % of polypropylene No. of specimens cast fibers added Cubes cylinders prisms Compressive Strength Compressive is one of the parameters of concrete. The Standard size of concrete cubes as per IS: [8], were cast with and without of polypropylene fibers. After 24 hours, the curing is done under ambient conditions. Compressive = L/A Where, L= Applied load A= Cross- sectional area of specimen 4.2. Split Tensile Strength Split tensile was calculated and Cylinders of size 150mm diameter and 300mm long were cast with and without polypropylene fibers. After 24 hours, the curing is done under editor@iaeme.com

7 A. Gowtham Kumar and K. Prasanthi ambient conditions [9]. Test results are given in Table7,8 and formula for calculating split tensile is given below, Where, P = Load applied to the specimen b = cylinder breadth in mm d = cylinder depth in mm Split tensile = 2P/(π bd) 4.3. Flexural Strength The average flexural was calculated and prisms of size 100 x100 x 500mmwere cast with and without polypropylene fibers. After 24 hours, the curing is done under ambient conditions[10]. Test results are given in Table7,8 and formula for calculating flexural is given below, Where, P is load applied L is the prism length (500 mm) B is the prism Breadth (100 mm) D is the prism Width(100 mm) Flexural =Pl/bd 2 5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Tests were conducted for the specimens for various days of 7 and 28 days and tested in compressive testing machine. The s are decreasing gradually by increasing the percentage of polypropylene fibers. Test results of compressive as shown in Fig Compressive,Mpa percentage of polypropylene fibers 7 days 28 days Figure 5 Compressive at 7 and 28 days Tests were conducted for the specimens for various days of7 and 28 days as shown in Fig.6 by placing the specimen horizontal. The s are decreasing gradually by increasing the percentage of polypropylene fibers editor@iaeme.com

8 Experimental Study on Plastic Fiber Reinforced Flyash Based Geopolymer Concrete 3 split tensile, Mpa percentage of polypropylene fibers 7 days 28 days Figure 6 Split tensile at 7 and 28 days Tests were conducted for the specimens for various days of 7 and 28 days as shown in Fig.7.The s are decreasing gradually by increasing the percentage of polypropylene fibers. Flexural, Mpa percentage of polypropylene fibers 7 days 28 days Figure 7 Flexural at 7 and 28 days Various tests are conducted for specimens by adding of different percentages of polypropylene fibers to geopolymer concrete the results were shown in table 7 for 7 days. Table 7 Test results for 7 days with various percentages of polypropylene fibers Sl.No. % of polypropylene fibers added Compressive Split tensile Flexural editor@iaeme.com

9 A. Gowtham Kumar and K. Prasanthi Various tests are conducted for specimens by adding of different percentages of polypropylene fibers to geopolymer concrete the results were shown in table 8 for 28 days. Table 8 Test results for 28 days with various percentages of polypropylene fibers sl.no. % of polypropylene fibers added compressive split tensile flexural CONCLUSION From the trial test the following conclusions are obtained 1. We can reduce the brittle nature of the structure by adding of polypropylene fibers. 2. The s are decreasing while increasing the percentage of polypropylene fibers in the concrete mix. 3. The s are decreasing due to less bonding nature and ratio of alkaline activators. REFERENCES [1] P. Vignesh and K. Vivek, An experimental investigation on parameters of Fly Ash based geopolymer concrete with GGBS, international research journal of engineering and technology, vol. 2, no. 2, pp , [2] Davidovits, What Is a Geopolymer? Introduction. Institute Géopolymère, Saint-Quentin, France,2010. [3] V. Bhikshma, M. Koti Reddy and T. Srinivas Rao, An experimental investigation on properties of geopolymer concrete (No cement concrete), Asian journal of civil engineering, Vol. 13, no. 6, pp , [4] R.N. Nibudey, P.B. Nagarnaik, D.K. Parbat and A.M. Pande, Strengths Prediction of Plastic Fiber Reinforced concrete, International Journal of Engineering Reasearch and Applications, Vol. 3, no. 1, pp , [5] P. Eswaramoorthi and G.E. Arun Kumar, Fibers study on properties of Geopolymer concrete with polypropylene, International referred journal of Engineering and science, vol. 3, no. 2 pp 60-75, [6] IS: ,"Indian Standard Specification for Coarse and Fine Aggregates from Natural Sources for Concrete". [7] N A Lloyd and B V Rangan, Geopolymer Concrete with Fly Ash, Second International Conference on Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies, [8] IS: Indian Standard Specification for Moulds for Use in Tests of Cement and Concrete. [9] R. Kandasamy and R. Murugesan Fiber reinforced concrete using domestic waste plastics as fibers, ARPN journal of Engineering and applied sciences, Vol. 6 no [10] M. Kumaran, M. Nidhi and P.R. Bini, Evaluation of and durability of waste plastic mix concrete, International journal of research in advent technology, pp 34-40, [11] IS: Indian Standard Methods of Tests for Strength of Concrete - Code of practice. Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi. [12] IS: , "Indian Standard Concrete Mix Proportioning Guidelines" [13] IS: ,"Indian Standard code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced Concrete editor@iaeme.com