Krypton. Bromine Gallium Zinc. Silver Iron. Molybdenum

Transcription

1 PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS H Hydrogen Li Lithium 69 Be 90 Si Silicon 8 Atomic Number Symbol Name Atomic Mass B Boron 6 C Carbon 7 N Nitrogen 0 8 O Oxygen 9 F Fluorine He 0 Ne Neon Na Mg Sodium Magnesium Aluminum Silicon Phosphorus Sulphur 0 Al Si P 6 S 7 Cl 8 Ar Argon 9 K 0 Ca Sc Ti V Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Cr Mn 6 Fe 7 Co 8 Ni 9 Cu Cobalt Nickel Copper 0 Zn Ga Ge As Germanium Arsenic Selenium 79 Se Br 6 Kr Krypton 7 Rb Rubidium Strontium 8 8 Sr 9 Y 0 Zr Nb Zirconium Niobium Mo Tc (98) Ru Rh 6 Pd Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium 7 Ag 8 Cd In 0 Sn Sb Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon 8 Te I Xe Cs Cesium 6 Ba 7 La 7 Hf 7 Ta 7 W Lanthanum Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Re 76 Os 77 Ir 78 Pt 79 Au 80 Hg 8 Tl 8 Pb 8 Bi 8 Po 8 At 86 Rn Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon 090 (09) () () 87 Fr 88 Ra 89 Ac Rf Db Francium Radium Actinium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium () (6) (7) (6) (6) (6) (6) (6) (66) 6 Sg 7 Bh 8 Hs 9 Mt Based on mass of C at 0 Values in parentheses are the masses of the most stable or best known isotopes for elements which do not occur naturally 8 Ce Cerium 0 90 Th Thorium 0 9 Pr Praseodymium 09 9 Pa Protactinium 60 Nd Neodymium 9 U Uranium 80 6 Pm Promethium () 9 Np Neptunium (7) 6 Sm Samarium 0 9 Pu Plutonium () 6 Eu Europium 0 9 Am Americium () 6 Gd 7 96 Cm Curium (7) 6 Tb Terbium Bk Berkelium (7) 66 Dy Dysprosium 98 Cf Californium 67 Ho Holmium 99 Es Einsteinium 68 Er Erbium 67 0 Fm Fermium (7) 69 Tm Thulium Md Mendelevium (8) 70 Yb Ytterbium No Nobelium (9) 7 Lu Lutetium Lr (6) Potassium Beryllium Calcium 876 Barium Yttrium Molybdenum Silicon Iron Silver Gadolinium Zinc Mercury 8 70 Gallium Thallium 0 6 () () Chlorine Bromine Helium Lawrencium Chemistry Data Page

2 Data Page Chemistry ATOMIC MASSES OF THE ELEMENTS Based on mass of C at 0 Values in parentheses are the mass number of the most stable or best known isotopes for elements that do not occur naturally Actinium Aluminum Americium Antimony Argon Arsenic Astatine Barium Berkelium Beryllium Bismuth Boron Bromine Cadmium Calcium Californium Carbon Cerium Cesium Chlorine Chromium Cobalt Copper Curium Dubnium Dysprosium Einsteinium Erbium Europium Fermium Fluorine Francium Gadolinium Gallium Germanium Gold Hafnium Helium Holmium Hydrogen Indium Iodine Iridium Iron Krypton Lanthanum Lawrencium Lead Lithium Lutetium Magnesium Manganese Mendelevium Ac Al Am Sb Ar As At Ba Bk Be Bi B Br Cd Ca Cf C Ce Cs Cl Cr Co Cu Cm Db Dy Es Er Eu Fm F Fr Gd Ga Ge Au Hf He Ho H In I Ir Fe Kr La Lr Pb Li Lu Mg Mn Md (7) 70 () () 7 (7) () (7) (6) 6 () 67 0 (7) 90 () (6) (8) Mercury Molybdenum Neodymium Neon Neptunium Nickel Niobium Nitrogen Nobelium Osmium Oxygen Palladium Phosphorus Platinum Plutonium Polonium Potassium Praseodymium Promethium Protactinium Radium Radon Rhenium Rhodium Rubidium Ruthenium Rutherfordium Samarium Scandium Selenium Silicon Silver Sodium Strontium Sulphur Tantalum Technetium Tellurium Terbium Thallium Thorium Thulium Tin Titanium Tungsten Uranium Vanadium Xenon Ytterbium Yttrium Zinc Zirconium Hg Mo Nd Ne Np Ni Nb N No Os O Pd P Pt Pu Po K Pr Pm Pa Ra Rn Re Rh Rb Ru Rf Sm Sc Se Si Ag Na Sr S Ta Tc Te Tb Tl Th Tm Sn Ti W U V Xe Yb Y Zn Zr (7) (9) () (09) 9 09 () (6) () (6) (98) Element Symbol Atomic Number Atomic Mass Element Symbol Atomic Number Atomic Mass

3 NAMES, FORMULAE, AND CHARGES OF SOME COMMON IONS * Aqueous solutions are readily oxidized by air ** Not stable in aqueous solutions Positive Ions (Cations) Al + Aluminum Pb + Lead(IV), plumbic NH + Ammonium Li + Lithium Ba + Barium Mg + Magnesium Ca + Calcium Mn + Manganese(II), manganous Cr + Chromium(II), chromous Mn + Manganese(IV) Cr + Chromium(III), chromic Hg + Mercury(I)*, mercurous Cu + Copper(I)*, cuprous Hg + Mercury(II), mercuric Cu + Copper(II), cupric K + Potassium H + Hydrogen Ag + Silver H O + Hydronium Na + Sodium Fe + Iron(II)*, ferrous Sn + Tin(II)*, stannous Fe + Iron(III), ferric Sn + Tin(IV), stannic Pb + Lead(II), plumbous Zn + Zinc Negative Ions (Anions) Br Bromide OH Hydroxide CO Carbonate ClO Hypochlorite ClO Chlorate I Iodide Cl Chloride HPO Monohydrogen phosphate ClO Chlorite NO Nitrate CrO Chromate NO Nitrite CN Cyanide C O Oxalate Cr O 7 Dichromate O Oxide** H PO Dihydrogen phosphate ClO Perchlorate CH COO Ethanoate, acetate MnO Permanganate F Fluoride PO? Phosphate HCO Hydrogen carbonate, bicarbonate SO Sulphate HC O Hydrogen oxalate, binoxalate S Sulphide HSO Hydrogen sulphate, bisulphate SO Sulphite HS Hydrogen sulphide, bisulphide SCN Thiocyanate HSO Hydrogen sulphite, bisulphite Chemistry Data Page

4 SOLUBILITY OF COMMON COMPOUNDS IN WATER The term soluble here means > 0 mol/l at C Negative Ions (Anions) Positive Ions (Cations) Solubility of Compounds All Alkali ions: Li +, Na +, K +, Rb +, Cs +, Fr + All Hydrogen ion: H + All Ammonium ion: NH + Nitrate, NO All or or Chloride, Cl Bromide, Br Iodide, I Ag +, Pb +, Cu + or or Sulphate, SO Alkali ions, H +, NH + Sulphide, S, Be +, Mg +, Ca +, Sr +, Ba + Alkali ions, H +, NH + Hydroxide, OH, Sr + Phosphate, PO Carbonate, CO Sulphite, SO Ag +, Ca +, Sr +, Ba +, Pb + Alkali ions, H +, NH + Data Page Chemistry

5 SOLUBILITY PRODUCT CONSTANTS AT C Name Barium carbonate Barium chromate Barium sulphate Calcium carbonate Calcium oxalate Calcium sulphate Copper(I) iodide Copper(II) iodate Copper(II) sulphide Iron(II) hydroxide Iron(II) sulphide Iron(III) hydroxide Lead(II) bromide Lead(II) chloride Lead(II) iodate Lead(II) iodide Lead(II) sulphate Magnesium carbonate Magnesium hydroxide Silver bromate Silver bromide Silver carbonate Silver chloride Silver chromate Silver iodate Silver iodide Strontium carbonate Strontium fluoride Strontium sulphate Zinc sulphide Formula BaCO BaCrO BaSO CaCO CaC O CaSO CuI Cu(IO ) CuS Fe(OH) FeS Fe(OH) PbBr PbCl Pb(IO ) PbI PbSO MgCO Mg(OH) AgBrO AgBr Ag CO AgCl Ag CrO AgIO AgI SrCO SrF SrSO ZnS K sp Chemistry Data Page

6 RELATIVE STRENGTHS OF BRØNSTED-LOWRY ACIDS AND BASES in aqueous solution at room temperature Name of Acid Acid Base K a STRONG STRENGTH OF ACID WEAK Perchloric HClO H ClO Hydriodic HI H I Hydrobromic HBr H Br Hydrochloric HCl H Cl Nitric HNO H NO Sulphuric HSO H HSO Hydronium Ion H O H HO Iodic HIO H IO 7 Oxalic H CO H HCO 9 Sulphurous SO HO HSO H HSO Hydrogen sulphate ion HSO H SO Phosphoric HPO H HPO 7 Hexaaquoironion iron III ion FeHO 6 H FeHO OH, ( ) Citric HCHO 6 7 H HCHO 6 7 Nitrous HNO H NO Hydrofluoric HF H F Methanoic, formic HCOOH H HCOO 8 Hexaaquochromium ion, chromium( III) ion CrHO H CrH O OH 6 Benzoic C H COOH 6 H C6HCOO Hydrogen oxalateion HC O H CO Ethanoic, acetic CH COOH H CHCOO Dihydrogen citrate ion H CHO H HC HO 7 Hexaaquoaluminum ion, aluminum ion AlHO H AlHO OH Carbonic CO HO H CO H HCO Monohydrogen citrate ion HC6HO 7 H CHO 6 7 Hydrogen sulphite ion HSO H SO Hydrogen sulphide HS H HS 9 Dihydrogen phosphateion HPO H HPO 6 Boric HBO H HBO 7 Ammonium ion NH H NH 6 Hydrocyanic HCN H CN 9 Phenol CHOH 6 H C6HO Hydrogen carbonate ion HCO H CO 6 Hydrogen peroxide HO H HO Monohydrogen phosphateion HPO H PO Water HO H OH Hydroxide ion OH H O very small Ammonia NH H NH very small WEAK STRENGTH OF BASE STRONG Data Page 6 Chemistry

7 ACID-BASE INDICATORS Indicator Methyl violet Thymol blue Orange IV Methyl orange Bromcresol green Methyl red Chlorophenol red Bromthymol blue Phenol red Neutral red Thymol blue Phenolphthalein Thymolphthalein Alizarin yellow Indigo carmine ph Range in Which Colour Change Occurs Colour Change as ph Increases yellow to blue red to yellow red to yellow red to yellow yellow to blue red to yellow yellow to red yellow to blue yellow to red red to amber yellow to blue colourless to pink colourless to blue yellow to red blue to yellow Chemistry Data Page 7

8 STANDARD REDUCTION POTENTIALS OF HALF-CELLS Ionic concentrations are at M in water at C Oxidizing Agents Reducing Agents E ( Volts) STRONG STRENGTH OF OXIDIZING AGENT 8 + F ( g)+ e F + 87 SO + e SO + 0 HO + H + e HO + 78 MnO + 8H + e Mn + H O + Au + e Aus () BrO + 6H + e Br ()+ l H O + 8 ClO + 8H + 8e Cl + H O + 9 Cl ( g)+ e Cl + 6 CrO7 + H + 6e Cr + 7HO O( g)+ H + e HO + + MnO ()+ s H + e + Mn + HO + IO + 6H + e I ()+ s HO + 0 Br ()+ l e Br + 9 AuCl + e Aus ()+ Cl + 0 NO + H + e NO( g)+ H O +096 Hg + e Hg() l O ( g)+ H ( M)+ e H O + 08 NO + H + e NO + HO Ag + e Ags () Hg e Hg l + + () Fe + e Fe O ( g)+ H + e HO MnO + H O+ e MnO ()+ s OH I ()+ s e I + 0 Cu + e Cus () + 0 HSO + H + e S()+ s H O + 0 Cu + e Cus () SO + H + e HSO + H O + 07 Cu + e Cu Sn + e Sn + 0 Ss ()+ H + e HSg ( ) + 0 H + e H ( g) Pb + e Pbs () 0 Sn + e Sns () 0 Ni + e Nis () 0 6 HPO + H + e H PO + HO 08 Co + e Cos () Se()+ s H + e H Se 00 Cr + e Cr 0 7 HO+ e H + OH ( M) 0 Overpotential Effect WEAK STRENGTH OF REDUCING AGENT WEAK Overpotential Effect Fe + e Fes () 0 Ag Ss ()+ e Ags ()+ S 069 Cr + e Crs () 0 7 Zn + e Zns () ( )+ Te()+ s H + e H Te 079 HO e H g OH 0 8 Mn + e Mns () 9 Al + e Als () 66 Mg + e Mgs () 7 Na + e Nas () 7 Ca + e Cas () 87 Sr + e Srs () 89 Ba + e Bas () 9 K + e Ks () 9 Rb + e Rbs () 98 Cs + e Css () 0 Li + e Lis () 0 STRONG Data Page 8 Chemistry