PBMR: Product Overview & Source Term Modelling

Transcription

1 PBMR: Prduct Overview & Surce Term Mdelling PSI HTR Dust Issues Meeting Nvember 2009 Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland

2 PBMR: Prduct Overview & Surce Term Mdeling Prepared By: Pieter Gede Marissa van der Walt Lize Stassen Frederik Reitsma Presented By: Munyaradzi Makumbe Prject Engineer: Analysis Testing 2

3 PBMR PRODUCT OVERVIEW

4 400 MWt Reactr Unit Electricity Generatin Reserve Shutdwn System (small absrber spheres Fuelling Pipes Reactivity Cntrl System (cntrl rds) Annular Cre Side Reflectr Cld Gas Inlet Ht Gas Inlet De-fuel Chutes (x3) 4

5 Prduct change frm PBMR 400MWt t 200MWt The glbal financial crisis Affected funding f sme Suth African State-wned Enterprises Eskm - Nuclear I (PWR prgram) delayed. Near-term Market Opprtunities Based n prspective custmer requirements There is an pprtunity t service bth the electricity and prcess heat markets. Decisin made t develp a standard nuclear heat supply surce capable f servicing bth markets. Mdificatin f the design t service prspects such as: The Next Generatin Nuclear Plant (NGNP) prject in the US Oil sands prducers in Canada (t extract bitumen frm il sands), The petr-chemical industry and large prcess steam users Mdular design f ~200MWt (simplified design t reduce risks) Mdular cncept with the ptential t link mre than ne reactr t a single pwer turbine r t supply prcess steam Increase availability with multi-pack n interruptins f steam supplied t the client 5

6 PBMR Prducts PBMR Blwer SG Pump Pump Pump Helium Water / Steam Cndenser Generatr Prcess Heat Electricity C-generatin Fuel 6

7 Where is PBMR nw? Emplyees ~ 900 (Centurin & Pelindaba) New 200 MWt DPP Rankine Cycle selected (t demnstrate c-generatin) Design & licensing wrk underway Eskm hst & peratr at Keberg Cnsrtium f custmers being pursued (petr-chemistry industry and large energy users) Fuel testing & qualificatin in Fuel Develpment Labs at Pelindaba Supply chain lcalizatin fcus Test facilities at Pelindaba & Nrth-West University US DOE NGNP participatin 7

8 Surce Term Analysis & Dust Mdelling 8

9 Helium Pressure Bundary (HPB) Surce Term Calculatins Design analysis Safety analysis Surce Terms fr: Breaks Surfaces Dust depsitin Clant Dust activity Atmic activity Maintenance Other: leakage, permeatin Atmic plate-ut Cmpnents Filters 9

10 HPB Surce Term Drivers Fuel Radinuclide release rates Fuel inventry Graphite impurities Quality f kernel catings Fuel temperatures Activatin f circulating nuclides in clant and with dust Atmic migratin phenmena Graphite and Metal dust prductin Dust migratin phenmena: In clant With fuel spheres 10

11 PBMR HPB Surce Term Mdelling Histry (1) SPATRA (FZJ): Initial plate-ut evaluatins (~2000) limitatins n precursr surces mdelled n dust mdelling RADAX (HRB): Fissin Prduct (FP) and dust distributin and transprt (up t 2007/8) limitatins limited dust mdeling (depsitin, resuspensin, migratin) n FP/dust interactin - manual pst-prcessing unrealistic distributin (n dust retained in cre, Spent Fuel Tank) uncertainties in mdel parameters assumptins difficult t justify withut experimental wrk 11

12 PBMR HPB Surce Term Mdeling Histry (2) Cnclusins frm Oct 2008 evaluatins: metallic dust migratin and activatin mdels insufficient justificatin fr assumed srptin f FP n dust insufficient Recmmendatin: base Surce Term analyses n existing reactr perating experience imprved analysis cde required SPECTRA NRG-develped thermal-hydraulic cde with FP Transprt package fully integrated system analysis cde fr varius reactr types RADAX/SPECTRA apprach requires specific validatin data challenge t btain suitable data fr all mdels/phenmena Alternative mdeling apprach adpted Dust & Activity Migratin & Distributin (DAMD) develpment 12

13 Radinuclide Transprt Mdelling Appraches Bttm-t-Tp Mdelling Tp-t-Bttm Mdelling Separate Effects Phenmena E.g. RADAX, Spectra Integratin / Cmbining f separate effects crrelatins Separate effects phenmena and crrelatins derived frm separate effects tests E.g. DAMD Integrated effects phenmena and crrelatins derived frm measurements n an integrated plant, e.g. the AVR Only mst dminant phenmena defined explicitly Integrated Effects Phenmena Scale Separate Effects Phenmena vs. Integrated Effects Phenmena Reasnable mdelling f a full HTR plant depends n: Suitability f the separate effects test cnditins Crrect implementatin f integratin crss-terms Inclusin f changing separate effects input data (e.g. surface rughness that changes ver perating life) Reasnable mdelling f a full HTR plant depends n: Using the AVR t calibrate the migratin parameters Scalability f the dminant phenmena in the AVR t the HTR plant 13

14 DAMD Mdelling Apprach Dust and Atmic particle Migratin Mdel DAMD Depsitin Rates Calibrated against AVR Lift ff Rates Explicit mdelling f Frces - Hydraulic frce (flw cnditins) - Gravity frce Lumped (nn-explicit) mdelling f Frces (e.g. thermphresis, van der Waals Frces) - Calibrated crrelatin Explicit mdelling f Frces - Hydraulic frce (flw cnditins) - Transient frces - Centrifugal frce Lumped (nn-explicit) mdelling f Frces (e.g. vibratins, van der Waals Frces) - Calibrated crrelatin 14

15 DAMD Results fr AVR and PBMR Nte: Only a few results are shwn. Many mre results and experiments are available 15

16 DAMD AVR Mdel 16

17 Experimental Lps n the AVR Vampyr I: 49 exp. s, Vampyr II: 4 exp. s, Cld Gas Filter: 52 exp. s, Dust experiment: S1- S15 (bth lines), 84 87; SA1-SA5 (Line 2), Dust rembilizatin exp. s T1 T5: measured in cld gas filter, Vampyr I & Dust Exp.,

18 AVR Activity Results with DAMD 3-Flw Channel Mdel Fuel Temp s fr 20% cre by-pass flw Fuel perfrmance based n Fuel Release Factrs fr AVR fuel histry 1.0E+14 DAMD AVR activity E Activity (Bq) 1.0E E ROT ( C) 1.0E E+09 Jan 68 Jan 72 Jan 76 Jan 80 Jan 84 Jan 88 Date Ag110m Cs134 Cs137 C60 ROT Flw Channel (15% Ht, 70% Average, 15% Cld) 18

19 DAMD AVR Cmparisns: Dust & Activity Values Lcatin / Experiment Year Parameter Unit Nuclide AVR Measured DAMD DAMD / Measured All Experimental Lps VAMPYR II Test 3 & 4 VAMPYR I Blwer Maintenance C 8.9x x Cld Gas Filter Lifetime Dust Activity Bq /g 110m Ag 2.7x x Cs 1.7x x Lifetime Lifetime 1978 Circulating Dust Cncentratin Circulating Metal Dust Cntent Surface Activity % Dust Activity Bq /g µg/m Bq/m 2-60 C 110m Ag 137 Cs 60 C 110m Ag 137 Cs x x x x x x x x x x x x DEACO I 2007 Surface Activity Bq/m 2 60 C 137 Cs 3.4x x x x

20 DAMD AVR VAMPYR Plate-Out Cmparisns Cs137 Ag110m 1.0E E+05 Activity Cncentratin (Bq/cm2) 1.0E E+01 Measured DAMD Activity Cncentratin (Bq/cm2) 1.0E E E+02 Measured DAMD 1.0E Tube length (m) 1.0E Tube length (m) Cmparisn between VAMPYR I V09 test and DAMD fr Cs137 Plate-ut n 15M3 tube Cmparisn between VAMPYR II V01 test and DAMD fr Ag110m Plate-ut n Incly 800 tube 20

21 DAMD AVR % Plate-Out % Plate ut in AVR primary circuit at mid and end f life % plate ut Cre Ceiling Structure Steam Generatr Annular Return Flw Channel Dust layer thickness (µm) % Plate-ut in AVR primary circuit lw due t surfaces cvered with dust, except in high flw areas with reduced dust cverage Cmpnent ndes Cs137 % p/_'78 Ag110m % p/_'78 Cs137 % p/_'89 Ag110m % p/_'89 Dust layer thickness_'78 Dust layer thickness_'89 % Plate-ut in Vampyr I experiment high due t insertin f clean tube at start f experiment; graphs are a functin f temperature effects gverning dust F.P. interactin % plate ut 100 % Plate ut in AVR Vampyr I at mid and end f life Dust layer thickness (µm) Cmpnent ndes Cs137 % p/_'78 Ag110m % p/_'78 Cs137 % p/_'89 Ag110m % p/_'89 Dust layer thickness_'78 Dust layer thickness_'89 21

22 DAMD distributin f graphite & metallic dust, C60, Cs137 and Ag110m activity in AVR Dust and activity distributin in AVR at EOL 60 % f AVR ttal Cre CCS SG ARFC Blwer 1 Blwer 2 FHS SFT Vampyr 1 Cmpnents CGF Dust Exp Vampyr 2 HPS Cre Bypass SG Bypass Graphite Dust Metallic Dust C60 activity Cs 137 activity Ag110m activity 22

23 DAMD as PBMR Design Tl Example: 60C Dust Activity Distributin 23

24 Data Requirements Stemming Frm DAMD Develpment Integrated effects data: A cde that mdels full plant migratin f dust, fissin and activatin prducts must take integrated effects in the whle plant, including the cre and fuel handling system, int accunt t mdel accurately. Dust depsitin/lift-ff and fissin prduct plate-ut cannt be cnsidered separately. Separate-effects data: Separate-effects dust depsitin tests in simple cnfiguratins like pipes are required fr evaluating depsitin mdels in selected areas f integrated plant mdels. Dust migratin thrugh attachment t fuel spheres: This is a driving frce fr the distributin f dust, fissin and activatin prducts in a pebble-bed plant. Experiments fr testing the migratin f dust n fuel spheres wuld be useful fr validatin f an integrated cde like DAMD. 24

25 PBMR Cde Verificatin and Validatin (V&V) FP and dust transprt Cde V&V requires specific data data must be relevant t phenmena and cnditins mdelled depends n mdelling apprach SPECTRA (bttm-t-tp) apprach requires: data frm separate effects, cmbined effects, and fully integrated effects experiments DAMD (tp-t-bttm) apprach requires: specific inputs, eg. dust generatin data, dust classificatin (metallic and graphite) dust mass retentin in cre and fuel handling system identificatin f imprtant phenmena t be mdelled explicitly, vs as lumped parameters data frm separate and cmbined effects experiments 25

26 Ptential Value f PSI facility fr PBMR Data f interest: graphite and metallic dust classificatin r mrphlgy cre dust generatin mechanisms validated cre dust generatin mdels dust migratin data (in-cre and balance f system) peratinal effects f dust (clgging, heat transfer efficiency) ranked phenmena regarding dust generatin and transprt depsitin and resuspensin validatin data and mdels data frm bth separate effects and integrated effects experiments 26

27 THANK YOU. 27