YIELD IMPROVEMENT IN SHRIMP & PRAWN GROW OUT USING A NEW MINERAL-BASED TECHNOLOGY

Transcription

1 YIELD IMPROVEMENT IN SHRIMP & PRAWN GROW OUT USING A NEW MINERAL-BASED TECHNOLOGY

2 INTRODUCTION TO AQUA-Cal+ AQUA-CAL+ IS A 60% SOLIDS SLURRY MADE FROM HONEYCOMB MAGNESIUM OXIDE The results of trials over 2 years on the grow-out of prawns and shrimp show: A reduction in sulphur odour; A reduction of iron A reduction of dissolved ammonia A reduction of nitrite With an increase in yield for both Monodon and Vannamei. This paper proposes the Struvite mechanism that gives rise to these benefits.

3 THIS PRESENTATION 1. Monodon Field Trials 2. Vannamei Field Trials 3. Laboratory Tests 4. Efficacy and the Role of Struvite 5. Summary of AQUA-CAL+ Benefits

4 1. MONODON in EARTHEN PONDS PRE-TREATMENT THE REMOVAL OF IRON High Iron before treatment 2 Days after treatment No iron presence after pre-treatment with

5 1. MONODON in EARTHEN PONDS THE REDUCTION OF NITRITE IN JAR TESTS jar test shows that the sediment / organic solids has been significantly dropped to the bottom and reduced the turbidity! Control Pond Nitrite Tests show that AQUA-Cal+ treatment reduces nitrite

6 1. MONODON in EARTHEN PONDS POST TRIAL POND BOTTOM HEALTH Pond with was clean and not smelly under the nose test.

7 1. MONODON in EARTHEN PONDS HARVEST SUMMARY FROM MALAYSIAN TRIALS Pond PCS/Kg SR (%) Harvest Weight (kg) Total Revenue (RM 000) Difference from Probiotics (kg) (%) Probiotics , Aqua-Cal , , Aqua-Cal+ and Probiotics Yield (RM) - 68, , , ,000 Revenue is in Malaysian Ringgit Market Shrimp Price/kg 46pcs- RM pcs- RM pcs- RM33.50

8 2. VANNAMEI in LINED PONDS AMMONIA MEASUREMENTS 3.5 Ammonia Control ppm Control AQUA-Cal 1 AQUA-Cal 2 0 Wk 3 Wk 4 Wk 5 Wk 6 Wk 7 Wk 8 Wk 9 Wk 10 Wk 11 Wk 12 Wk 13 Week 3-13 Control - daily drainage AQUA-Cal 1 - weekly dosing and weekly drainage, AQUA-Cal 2 - weekly dosing monthly drainage.

9 2. VANNAMEI in LINED PONDS NITRITE MEASUREMENTS Nitrite Control ppm Control AQUA-Cal 1 AQUA-Cal 2 0 Wk 3 Wk 4 Wk 5 Wk 6 Wk 7 Wk 8 Wk 9 Wk 10 Wk 11 Wk 12 Wk 13 Week 3-13 Control - daily drainage AQUA-Cal 1 - weekly dosing and weekly drainage, AQUA-Cal 2 - weekly dosing monthly drainage.

10 VANNAMEI in LINED PONDS ALKALINITY MEASUREMENTS Alkalinity Control ppm Control A.Cal A.Cal A.Cal & + Probio Probiotics DOC

11 2. VANNAMEI in LINED PONDS HARVEST SUMMARY FROM MALAYSIAN TRIALS Pond ABW SR (%) FCR Harvest Weight (kg) Total Revenue (RM 000) Difference Against Control (kg) (%) (RM 000) Control , AQUA-Cal 1 AQUA-Cal , , , , Revenue is in Malaysian Ringgit

12 LC50 (ppm) LC50 (ppm) LC50 (ppm) 3. LAB TESTS TOXICITY and DOSE RATES for VANNEMEI LC50 of Vannamei for 358 ppm Dose Times (Hours) LC50 of Vannamei for 381 ppm Dose Times (Hours) LC50 of Vannamei for 478 ppm Dose Times (Hours) LC toxicity for 358 ppm Dose is 50 hours LC toxicity for 381 ppm Dose is 56 hours LC toxicity for 478 ppm Dose is 50 hours The average LC50 of AQUA-Cal+ for ppm within hours. The recommended dose for AQUA-Cal+ is ppm over the entire grow out including pretreatment. At this dose, AQUA-Cal+ is safe to us.

13 3. LAB TESTS AQUA-Cal+ SLUDGE DIGESTION after 4 months Control 1 no aeration (CX) Control 2 with aeration (CA) AQAU-Cal ppm no aeration (AX) AQAU-Cal ppm with aeration (AA) Initial Avg sludge (g) Final Avg sludge (g) Sludge digestion (%) 23.4% 42.8% 59.5% 68.3% Significant sludge reduction using AQUA-Cal+ both with and with out aeration. Test was conducted over 120 days. Initial reading Control 1 Control 2 AQUA-Cal+ 1 AQUA-Cal+2 Alkalinity (ppm) Vibrio Green (CFU/ml) Alkalinity Increased by 73% Green Vibrio - Disappeared

14 4. EFFICACY AND THE ROLE OF STRUVITE The results of trials over 2 years on the grow-out of prawns and shrimp show A reduction in sulphur odour; A reduction of iron A reduction of dissolved ammonia A reduction of nitrite With an increase in yield for both Monodon and Vannamei. Why?

15 4. THE STRUVITE DISPLACEMENT REACTION The honeycomb Magnesium Oxide has a porosity of about 50% and a surface area of m 2 /g, and is then hydrated to form a 60% solids slurry. When Magnesium Hydroxide is added to aquaculture ponds, struvite initially precipitates in the pores of the magnesium hydroxide particles by the homogenous displacement reaction. Mg OH 2 s + NH + 4 aq + PO 3 4 aq MgNH 4 PO 4 s + 2OH aq Magnesium Struvite Hydroxide This reaction occurs in the pores of the particle, and releases the hydroxide ion to neutralize the acids. Studies at the University of Queensland suggest this reaction occurs in the particle pores without the need for the magnesium to dissolve. Over time, the whole particle is transformed to Struvite.

16 4. THE STRUVITE DISPLACEMENT REACTION THE IMPACT ON SLUDGE DIGESTION AQUA-Cal+ is a flocculant and forms a compact sludge The consumption of ammonia and phosphate from the aerobic sludge digestion process results in the formation of struvite, accompanied by the release of hydroxide ion, allowing the sludge to maintain the aerobic digestion process as long as the particles of magnesium hydroxide are available within the sludge. Hence, AQUA-Cal+ improves the degree of sludge digestion and reduces the formation of H 2 S and pathogens such as Vibrio this is achieved by suppression of anaerobic digestion and the ability of AQUA-Cal+ to inhibit pathogen growth.

17 4. THE CONSEQUENCES OF THE STRUVITE DISPLACEMENT REACTION 1. Soluble phosphate in the water is reduced 2. Soluble ammonia in the water is reduced 3. Formation of nitrite and nitrate is reduced because the soluble ammonia is reduced 4. The release of hydroxide raises the ph of the pond bottom close to neutral 5. The sludge remains substantially aerobic, so that H 2 S formation is suppressed 6. The iron is precipitated onto the particle surface where it is oxidized and incorporated in the struvite crystals as a substitutional impurity 7. The struvite is incorporated into the sludge 8. The struvite is a fertilizer that may be consumed by the algae for shrimp and prawn food

18 5. SUMMARY SUMARY OF AQUA-Cal ADVANTAGES OVER CURRENT PRACTICES FOR THE SHRIMP/PRAWNS 1. Safe for shrimp/prawns & environment 2. Reduces formation of toxic H2S (and odour) 2. Removes toxic Ammonia & Nitrite 3. Removes toxic iron 3. Stabilizes the ph & Alkalinity 4. Controls Green Vibrio 5. Improves pond bottom health FOR THE FARMER 6. Utilizes a current waste and potential toxic product the bottom sludge. 7. Increase harvest weight 8. Increases survival rate 9. Reduces FCR 10. Potential for increased revenue to the farmer

19 5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Dr Mark Sceats Calix Australia Blue Archipelago Malaysia Manjung Aquatic Malaysia Maha Chemicals - Malaysia University of Queensland Australia

20 Creating new materials, solving global challenges. Contact Calix (02) Bridge St, Pymble NSW 2073