Review of DSF in Sweden

Transcription

1 1 Review of DSF in Sweden Åke Blomsterberg, Lund University of Technology and WSP Environmental

2 2 DSF buildings in Sweden Highly glazed office buildings Interest among architects since the nineties Most buildings in the Stockholm area, one to be in Malmö Appr. 10 modern DSF highly glazed office buildings To reduce high indoor temperatures with protected efficient exterior solar shading To reduce transmission heat losses during winter To reduce noise from motor traffic DSF not used for ventilation of the building

3 3 Why DSF buildings in Sweden Architects: highly glazed office buildings to create an airy, transparent and light building with more access to daylight Engineers: DSF a protected exterior movable efficient solar shading, a reduction of noise from motor traffic, window airing possible Clients: high-profile-quality buildings

4 4 Potential DSF problems in Sweden Low altitude of the sun, fairly high cooling demands during spring and autumn Risk of high energy use Risk of low daylight levels in the central parts of deep buildings High operating costs and maintenance costs

5 5 Lacking knowledge on DSF in Sweden Low knowledge level especially on energy and indoor climate aspects for the building behind Poor DSF simulation tools available Low knowledge level on energy and indoor climate performance of DSF buildings Most DSF buildings in operation for only a couple of years

6 Conclusions on DSF office buildings in Sweden 6 Many modern office buildings with highly glazed facades Some modern office buildings with DSF DSF ventilated to the outside Examples: 3 multi-storey, 1 corridor type, 1 ventilated double window The office building behind with traditional heating, cooling and ventilation No window airing DSF need to be adapted to Swedish conditions High energy use? Thermal comfort problems during winter? High cooling in spring and autumn? Glare problems? Uncertainty in the building sector as to design of DSF

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8 8 Foto Åke Blomsterberg

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10 10 Foto Åke Blomsterberg

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14 Kista Science Tower 14 Vision: image, commercial development, give a feeling of volume Completed in storeys Heating: convectors; Cooling: cooling beams; Ventilation: balanced with heat recovery DSF: corridor type Solar shading: mechanical control with no manual override Daylight: no control Artificial lighting: manual on/off, but automatic off 21:00 Monitored energy use: 111 district heating + 42 district cooling + 93 electricity = 246 kwh/m²year Cooling set point 24 C Heating set point 22 C Main maintenance of DSF: window cleaning Higher operating/maintenance costs than for SSF Initial problems with outer skin weather stripping User complaints similar to other office buildings

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24 Arlanda Pir F 24 Vision: Fully glazed façade Completed in 2001 Heating: convectors; Cooling: cold air; Ventilation: balanced with heat recovery DSF: multi-storey Solar shading: mechanical control with no manual override Daylight: no control Artificial lighting: time and daylight control Monitored energy use: 82 district heating + 30 district cooling electricity = 217 kwh/m²year Heating set point 21 C Cooling set point 26 C Main maintenance of DSF: shading devices Higher operating/maintenance costs than for SSF Higher building, maintenance (solar shading) and operating (window cleaning, dusting lamellas) costs

25 25 Foto Åke Blomsterberg

26 26 Foto Åke Blomsterberg

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30 ABB business center 30 Vision: image, lower cooling and no noise from motorway Completed in 2002 Heating: convectors; Cooling: cooling beams; Ventilation: balanced with heat recovery DSF: multi-storey Solar shading: mechanical control with no manual override Daylight: no control, however manual inner curtains Artificial lighting: time and presence Monitored energy use: 143 district heating + 32 district cooling + 89 electricity = 264 kwh/m²year includes atrium Heating set point 21 C Cooling set point 25 C Main maintenance of DSF: window cleaning Lower operating/maintenance costs than SSF Good view with no noise from busy motorway Condensation can occur in the cavity

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34 Glashusett 34 Vision: image, feeling of volume and show possibilities with DSF Completed in 2002 Heating: convectors and radiators; Cooling: cooling beams; Ventilation: balanced with heat recovery DSF: multi-storey Solar shading: mechanical control with manual override Daylight: no control Artificial lighting: manual control Monitored energy use: 150 district heating + 60 district cooling +? electricity = 210 +? kwh/m²year Heating set point 22 C Cooling set point C Main maintenance of DSF: window cleaning Very good working enviroment 6000 visitors/year

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40 Polishuset 40 Vision: Good daylight and good view to the outside Completed end 2004 Heating: radiators; Cooling: cooling beams; Ventilation: balanced with heat recovery DSF: ventilated double window Solar shading: mechanical control with no manual override Daylight: no control Artificial lighting: Cell office manual on, presence sensor off Open plan office: time control Daylight compensation Predicted energy use: 17 district heating + 44 district cooling + 77 electricity = 138 kwh/m²year

41 WSP HUSET Malmö November Fasad norr

42 Fasad söder WSP HUSET Malmö November