TRAN-COR X GR AIN ORIENTED ELECTRICAL STEEL S X- 0 CARLITE DR X-1 CARLITE DR

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1 RAN-COR X GR AIN ORIENED ELECRICAL SEEL S X- 0 CARLIE DR X-1 CARLIE DR Preliminar y Pro duct D ata Bulletin Distribution ransformers Medium Power ransformers Large Power ransformers Grain oriented electrical steels are iron-silicon alloys that were developed to provide the low core loss and high permeability required for efficient and economical electrical transformers. AK Steel s product, RAN-COR X, is suitable for distribution, medium power and large power transformers which employ stacked core technology. he high permeability of RAN-COR X offers the potential for lower core loss and lower noise transformer core structures when compared to conventional grain oriented electrical steels. he core loss characteristics are further enhanced with laser scribing. he patented alloy design of RAN-COR X is only available from AK Steel.

2 Product Description RAN-COR X CARLIE DR (Domain Refined) high permeability electrical steels offer an outstanding degree of grain orientation. he combination of high permeability, low residual stress and domain refining via laser scribing offers very low core losses. During the laser scribing process, a precisely focused laser beam is rapidly scanned across the steel surface. he micro-strain imparted in the material forces the pre-existing magnetic domains to subdivide. he finer domain structure reduces the distance that the domain walls must move during AC magnetization, thereby reducing eddy current losses. he result is far lower core loss than grain oriented electrical steels without laser scribing. Sample chemically etched to reveal laser scribe trace DOING OUR PAR AK Steel s electrical steel products contain approximately 75 85% of post-consumer and post-industrial recycled materials. his content comes largely from the re-melting of scrap steel products. Not only does the electrical steel contain a high percentage of post-consumer and post- industrial recycled materials, at the end of its useful life, it is likely to be 100% recyclable. 1

3 Specifications In terms of maximum core loss, RAN-COR X specifications are determined at 1.5 and 1.7 at either 50 Hz or 60 Hz. Core loss and induction grading are conducted using as-sheared single sheet test samples which are tested in accordance with American Society for esting and Materials (ASM) test method A804. Flux density is specified at 800 A/m. Samples are secured from each end of the coil and the higher core loss value is used for certification of conformance to product grade guarantees. ABLE 1 SPECIFICAIONS Grade Approximate Equivalent International Grade hickness, Assumed gm/cm 3 Maximum Core Loss, W/kg Minimum Flux Density B 8 ** W 17/50 * W 17/60 * X-0 CARLIE DR M075-23P X-1 CARLIE DR M085-27P *W 17/50 and W 17/60 refer to core loss tests at 1.7 & 50 Hz and 1.7 & 60 Hz. **B 8 refers to the magnetic flux density achieved at an applied field of 800 A/m. ABLE 2 YPICAL ELECRICAL AND MAGNEIC PROPERIES Grade hickness, Assumed gm/cm 3 Resistivity, Ω m x 10-8 Core Loss, W/kg Flux Density W 15/50 W 17/50 W 15/60 W 17/60 B 8 Lamination Factor, % X-0 CARLIE DR X-1 CARLIE DR ypical single sheet core loss values versus test induction for RAN-COR X CARLIE DR are provided upon request. ypical SRA Epstein core loss values versus test induction for RAN-COR X CARLIE are provided upon request. SRA Epstein testing is not applicable to RAN-COR X CARLIE DR products since the domain refinement treatment is eradicated upon annealing at temperatures greater than 600 C. he core loss and exciting power of AK Steel s RAN-COR X grades are determined by magnetic tests performed in accordance with generally approved ASM procedures. he following conditions apply: 1. Results for as-sheared single sheet specimens from fully processed material cut parallel to the rolling direction of the coil and tested per ASM A Density of all grades (7.65 gm/cm 3 ) per ASM A34. ASM A664 is a grade identification system for electrical steels. While this system has not been widely adopted by manufacturers and consumers of electrical steels, it is used in ASM A876 to designate various grades of grain oriented electrical steel. he following is a listing of AK Steel and equivalent ASM grades: AK Steel grades RAN-COR X-0 CARLIE DR and RAN-COR X-1 CARLIE DR are approximately equivalent to ASM Core Loss ypes 23Q054 and 27Q057, respectively. 2

4 ABLE 3 MANUFACURING LIMIS AND OLERANCES Coils can be supplied with width tolerances in accordance with either ASM A876 or IEC Product hickness 1, hickness, olerance Chamber Over a Length of 2 m, Master Coil Width Max. 2, X-0 CARLIE DR 0.23 ± X-1 CARLIE DR 0.27 ± Including coating thickness, as measured using a contacting micrometer caliper not less than 10 from the coil edge. 2 ried edges suitable for reslitting. Slit Width Range, 19 to 920 Inside Coil Diameter, Slit or 508 Master Design ables ABLE 4 YPICAL VALUES OF CORE LOSS At 50 Hz And 60 Hz For ypical Sheet Specimens Flux Core Loss, (W/kg) ASM A X-0 CARLIE DR 0.27 X-1 CARLIE DR 50 Hz 60 Hz 50 Hz 60 Hz ABLE 5 YPICAL VALUES OF RMS EXCIING POWER At 50 Hz And 60 Hz For ypical Sheet Specimens Flux Exciting Power, (rms VA/kg) ASM A X-0 CARLIE DR 0.27 X-1 CARLIE DR 50 Hz 60 Hz 50 Hz 60 Hz

5 Surface Insulation Curves CARLIE 3 SURFACE INSULAION AK Steel s RAN-COR X products are supplied with CARLIE 3 insulative coating, an inorganic coating equivalent to ASM A976 C-5. CARLIE 3 insulation is ideal for materials that will be used in the form of sheared laminations for power transformers and other apparatus with high volts per turn. In addition to supplying all the benefits of C-5 insulation, CARLIE 3 provides other important advantages which include: Potential for reduced transformer building factor from added resistance to elastic strain damage. Potential for reduction of magnetostriction related transformer noise. High stacking factor. Easy assembly due to smoothness of coating (low coefficient of friction). Figure 1 shows the variation of surface insulation resistivity versus pressure. he range of surface insulation resistivity values between the upper and lower lines are typical of those for CARLIE 3 insulated surfaces as determined by the Franklin est method (ASM A717). However, the user should recognize that the normally small variations in mill oxide and coating thickness within a lot necessitate allowing for test values lower as well as higher than those shown in the curves. Apparent Insulation Resistivity, Ω 2 per lamination (two surfaces) FIGURE 1 YPICAL SURFACE INSULAION est Pressure, MPa Franklin Current, (A) est Pressure, psi. ypical surface insulation characteristics of AK Steel oriented electrical steels at various pressures as determined by the Franklin est. 4

6 Lamination Factors FIGURE 2 REPRESENAIVE LAMINAION FACORS est Pressure, MPa Lamination Factor, % RAN-COR X-1 CARLIE 0.23 RAN-COR X-0 CARLIE est Pressure, psi. Representative lamination factors for AK Steel Oriented Electrical Steels at various pressures. ES MEHOD he lamination factor of electrical steels is determined from measurements of a stack of Epstein strips under known pressure, 345 kpa (50 psi.), in accordance with ASM A719. Figure 2 illustrates how the lamination factor varies as a function of pressure for RAN-COR X electrical steels. he values shown are representative of the lamination factor determined by this test. Lamination factors determined in accordance with IEC will be approximately 0.5% higher than these values due to the higher pressure specified in that test method 1 MPa (145 psi.). 5

7 POWERING PROGRESS SAFEY QUALIY PRODUCIVIY INNOVAION AK Steel Corporation 9227 Centre Pointe Drive West Chester, OH SEEL AK Steel is a leading producer of flat-rolled carbon, stainless and electrical steel products, primarily for the automotive, infrastructure and manufacturing, electrical power generation and distribution markets. hrough its subsidiaries, the company also provides customer solutions through carbon and stainless steel tubing products, die design and tooling, and hot and cold stamping. Headquartered in West Chester, Ohio (Greater Cincinnati), the company employs approximately 9,200 men and women at manufacturing operations across seven states (Alabama, Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania and West Virginia), as well as Canada and Mexico. Additional information about AK Steel is available at he information and data in this document are accurate to the best of our knowledge and belief, but are intended for general information only. Applications suggested for the materials are described only to help readers make their own evaluations and decisions, and are neither guarantees nor to be construed as express or implied warranties of suitability for these or other applications. Data referring to material properties are the result of tests performed on specimens obtained from specific locations of the products in accordance with prescribed sampling procedures; any warranty thereof is limited to the values obtained at such locations and by such procedures. here is no warranty with respect to values of the materials at other locations. AK and the AK Steel logo are registered trademarks of the AK Steel Corporation AK Steel. All Rights Reserved. 7.18