CATALOG 2006 OSICO TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

Transcription

1 CATALOG 2006 OSICO TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

2 About OSICO OSICO Technologies, Inc. (OSICO) manufactures, develops and markets a variety of synthetical crystals which are widely used in the field of optoelectronics. Now OSICO is a subsidiary division under GK East Optoelectronic Technologies, Inc. (GK East). OSICO's product line includes nonlinear optical (NLO) crystals, such as Barium Borate (BBO) crystal, Potassium Titanyl Phosphate (KTP), Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate (KDP), Potassium Dideuterium Phosphate (KD*P ), Lithium Niobate (LiNbO 3 ), MgO:LiNbO 3, Lithium Iodate (LiIO 3 ), Bismuth Borate (BiB 3 O 6 ), Potassium Titanyle Arsenate (KTA) and AgGaS 2 ; laser crystals such as Neodymium Doped Yttrium Vanadate (Nd:YVO 4 ), Neodymium Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Nd:YAG), Neodymium Doped Yttrium Lithium Fluoride (Nd:YLF); Neodymium Doped Gadolinium Vanadate (Nd:GdVO 4 ), Neodymium Doped Gadolinium Gallium Garnet (Nd:GGG) and Ti:Sapphire; other optical crystals: Yttrium Vanadate (YVO 4 ), Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (YAG), Sapphire, Calcium Fluoride (CaF 2 ), Magnesium Fluoride (MgF 2 ), Lithium Fluoride (LiF), Barium Titanate(BaTiO 3 ); and optical parts and components: a variety of windows, prisms, mirrors, lenses, filters and GRIN lenses. OSICO provides high quality products at competitive prices and also offers customized products and services upon request. OSICO in Progress OSICO Technologies always puts customers in first place and does the best to continue improving our product quality and technology to win and maintain the reputations in the industry. OSICO has been paying much attention to the after-sales services and thinking that these services are important and value-added measures to the customers. OSICO is looking forward to working together with all the friends in the industry to offer customers all over the world more powerful crystal products to meet more and more application needs. Please contact OSICO to discuss the crystal applications now!

3 Crystals Acoustic Optical Crystals LiNbO LiTaO TeO Laser Crystals Nd: GdVO Nd: YAG Nd:YVO 4 12 Non-linear Crystals BBO BIBO KDP and DKDP KTP LBO Optical Crystals BaF CaF LiF MgF Sapphire Optical Components Lenses Polarizers Prisms Waveplates Windows Sales Terms and Policies

4 Acoustic Optical Crystal LiNbO 3 Crystal for A-O and E-O Applications LiNbO 3 crystals are widely used as electro-optic modulators and Q-switches for Nd:YAG, Nd:YLF and Ti:Sapphire lasers, as well as the modulators for fiber optics. The following table lists the specifications of the typical LiNbO 3 crystal used as Q-switch with transverse E-O modulation. The light beam travels in z-axis and electric field applies to x-axis. The electro-optic coefficients of LiNbO 3 are: r 33 = 32 pm/v, r 31 = 10 pm/v, r 22 = 6.8 pm/v at low frequency, and r 33 = 31 pm/v, r 31 = 8.6 pm/v, r 22 = 3.4 pm/v at high electric frequency. The half wave voltage: V π =λd/(2n 3 o r 22 L), r c =(n e /n o ) 3 r 33 -r 13. LiNbO 3 Q-Switch Specifications Typical Crystal Size Tolerance of Size 9 X 9 X 25 mm 3 or 4 X 4 X 15 mm 3 Other sizes are available upon request. Z-axis: ± 0.2 mm X-axis and Y-axis:±0.1 mm Chamfer less than 0.5 mm at 45 Accuracy of Orientation Z-axis: <± 5' X-axis and Y-axis: < ± 10' Parallelism < 20" Finish Flatness AR-Coating Electrodes Wavefront Distortion Extinction Ratio 10/5 Scratch/Dig λ/8 at 633 nm R < 1064 nm Gold/Chrome plated on X-faces 633 nm > 633 nm, φ6 mm beam 2

5 Acoustic Optical Crystal LiNbO 3 is also a good acousto-optic crystal and used for surface acoustic wave (SAW) wafer and A-O modulators. OSICO offers acoustic (SAW) grade LiNbO 3 crystals in wafers, as-cut boules, finished components and custom fabricated elements. Typical SAW Properties: Cut Type SAW Velocity V s (m/s) Electromechanical Coupling Factor k 2 s (%) Temperature Coefficient of Velocity TCV (10-6 / o C) Temperature Coefficient of Delay TCD (10-6 / o C) o Y-X Y-X Typical Specifications: Specifications Boule Type Wafer Diameter Φ3" Φ4" Φ3" Φ4" Length or Thickness (mm) Orientations Ref. Flat Orientation Y, 64 Y, 135 Y, X, Y, Z, and other cuts X, Y Ref. Flat Length 22±2mm 32±2mm 22±2mm 32±2mm Front Side Polishing Back Side Lapping Mirror polished 5-15 Å µm Flatness (µm) 15 Bow (µm) 25 Other sizes and specifications of wafers are available upon request. 3

6 Acoustic Optical Crystal LiTaO 3 Crystal LiTaO 3 is an E-O crystal widely used for making E-O devices. The crystal features good optical, NLO and E-O properties, and higher damage threshold. OSICO offers high quality LiTaO 3 boules and wafers to meet different application needs. Basic Properties of LiTaO 3 Crystal Structure: Cell Parameters: trigonal, space group R 3c, point group 3m a=5.154å,c=13.781å Melting Point 1650 Curie Temperature: 607 Mohs Hardness: 5.5 Density: 7.46 g/cm 3 Dielectric Constant: Elastic Stiffness Coefficient: Piezoelectric Strain Constant: Transmission Range: Electro-Optical Coefficients: ξ 11 /ξ ξ 33 /ξ C E (X N/m 2 ) C E (X N/m 2 ) d (X C/N) d (X C/N) nm r pm/V Refractive Index at 632.8nm: n o =2.176,n e =

7 Acoustic Optical Crystal Typical SAW Properties: Cut Type ν s (m/s) κ 2 s(%) TCV(10-6 / o C) TCD(10-6 / o C) X-112 o Y Y-Z Typical Specifications: Specifications Boule Type Wafer Diameter Φ3" Φ4" Φ3" Φ4" Length or Thickness Orientations Ref.Flat Orientation Y, 64 Y, 135 Y,X,Y,Z, and other cut X,Y Ref. Flat Length 22±2mm 32±2mm 22±2mm 32±2mm Front Side Polishing Mirror polished 5-15Â Back Side Lapping Flatness (µm) Bow (µm) µm Other specifications are available upon request. 5

8 Acoustic Optical Crystal TeO 2 Crystal Tellurium Dioxide (TeO 2 ) crystal is widely used for making acousto-optic modulators because of its high acousto-optic figure of merit. Main Specifications Boule Wafer Growth Direction [100] [110] [111] [110] [001] [111] Dimensions φ 35 ~ 50mm φ 35 ~ 50mm Length/Thickness 50 ~ 60mm 0.2 ~ 1.0mm Flatness 15 µm Bow 15µm Physical Properties Crystal Structure Tetragonal Point Group 422 Lattice Parameter (nm) a c Density 5.99 g/cm 3 Melting Point 730 C Mohs Hardness 4.5 Transparency Range (nm) 350 ~ 500 Gradient of Refractive Index( )/cm 5 Refractive Index n o = n 3 = Transmittivity 70%@632.8nm Phase Velocity (m/s) 616 Photo-Elastic Coefficient P 11 =0.074 P 13 =0.340 P 31 =0.091 P 33 =0.240 Figure of Merit ( S 3 )/g M

9 Laser Crystal Nd:GdVO 4 (Neodymium Doped Gadolinium Vanadate) Crystal The Czochralski method neodymium doped Gadolinium Vanadate Nd:GdVO4, is a promising material for diode pumped lasers. Like neodymium doped yttrium vanadate, the gadolinium vanadate exhibits a larger absorption and emission cross section compared to Nd:YAG. In fact, Nd:GdVO 4 has 7 times higher absorption cross section at 808nm and 3 times larger emission cross section at 1.06µm than Nd:YAG. In addition Nd:GdVO 4 has the advantage over Nd:YVO 4 with much higher thermal conductivity. In each case of CW laser performance at 1.06µm and 1.34µm and intracavity doubling with KTP and LBO, the gadolinium vanadate had a higher slope efficiency or optical conversion efficiency than yttrium vanadate. Basic Properties Chemical Formula Gd.99 Nd.01 VO 4 Doping Concentration Nd 3+ (atm%) 1.0± 0.1 Crystal Structure Space Group Zircon Tetragonal, space group D 4h -I4/amd a=b=7.212, c=6.350 I4 1 /amd Optical Properties Lasing Transition 4 F3/2 C 4 I 11/2 Lasing Wavelength (nm) Emission Cross Section (E c, at 1064 nm) cm 2 7.6x10-19 Absorption Cross Section (E c, at 808 nm) cm 2 4.9x10-19 Density 5.48g/cm 3 Mohs hardness Linewidth 3 nm Relaxation Time of Terminal Lasing Level 100µs Absorption Coefficient (E c, at 808 nm) cm Thermal Conductivity W/(mxK): <110> 11.7 Density (g/cm 3 )

10 Laser Crystal Index of Refraction (at 1064 nm): Wavelength n o n e Demonstrated Performance in Diode Pumped Laser Systems: Laser Operation Output wavelength (µm) Frequency Doubler Slope Efficiency (%) Max. Optical Conversion Efficiency (%) CW 1.06 none CW 1.34 none 40.2 n/a CW 0.53 KTP n/a 21.0 CW 0.67 LBO n/a 2.8 Q-switched 1.06 none 31.6 n/a Q-switched 0.53 KTP n/a 25.0 Information Regarding Neodymium Laser Host Crystals: Material Nd:YVO 4 Nd:GdVO 4 Nd:YAG Laser wavelengths nm nm nm ~1340 nm nm nm Emission Bandwidth (linewidth at 1064 nm) 0.8 nm No data 0.45 nm Effective Laser Cross Section (emission cross section at 1064 nm) 15.6 x cm x cm x cm -2 Polarization Parallel to c-axis Parallel to c-axis unpolarized Radioactive Lifetime (microseconds) at 1% Nd doping ~ 100 µs ~ 95 µs 230 µs Pump wavelength nm nm nm Peak pump absorption at 1% doping ~ 41 cm -1 ~ 57 cm -1 Thermal Conductivity (W/mK) (Ref. 7) 14 8

11 Laser Crystal Material Properties: Comparing Nd:GdVO 4 with Nd:YVO 4 : Material Nd:GdVO 4 Nd:YVO 4 Crystal Structure, Space Group Tetragonal, I4 1 /amd Tetragonal, I4 1 /amd Lattice constants, nm a:0.721 b:0.635 a:0.721 b:0.629 Melting Temperature ( C) Thermal C (x10-6 / C) a 1.5 a 4.43 b 7.3 b 11.4 Specific C (cal/mol K) dn / dt ( x10-6 / C) Nd:GdVO 4 Specifications: Nd: Dopant Level 1.0 atm%, 0.5% Wavefront Distortion < λ/8 at 633 nm Scattering Sites invisible, probed with a He-Ne laser Orientation ±0.5 Dimensional Tolerance ±0.1mm Surface Quality 10/5 Scratch/Dig as per MIL-O-13830B Flatness λ/10 at 633 nm Clear Aperture > Central 90% Parallelism < 10 arc sec. R/AR Coating: S 1 : HR@1064&532nm HT@808nm S 2 : AR@1064&532nm AR/AR Coating: S 1 : AR@1064nm&532nm HT@808nm S 2 : AR@1064&532nm Note: Other specifications of Nd:GdVO 4 crystals and coatings are available upon request. Commonly Used Sizes: Crystals Doping Dimension Coating Nd:GdVO 4 0.5% φ3x60-65mm AR/AR@1064nm Nd:GdVO 4 0.5% φ4x60-65mm AR/AR@1064nm Note: Other specifications of Nd:GdVO 4 crystals are available upon request. 9

12 Laser Crystal Nd:YAG (Neodimium Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet) Crystal Nd:YAG (Neodimium Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet) has been years the most widely used laser medium for solid-state laser applications. Nd:YAG crystals are used in all types of solid-state laser systems, such as frequency-doubled continuous wave lasers, high-energy Q-switched lasers, and so on. Compared with others laser crystals, its fluorescence lifetime is twice more than Nd:YVO4, and thermal conductivity is also better than that of the latter. Features: High gain, low threshold, high efficiency Low loss at 1.06µm, high optical quality Good mechanical and thermal properties Due to the cubic symmetry and high quality, Nd:YAG is easy to operate with TEM 00 mode Basic Properties: Chemical Formula: Y 3 Al 5 O 12 Crystal Structure: Cubic Lattice Constant: 12.01Å Melting Point: 1970 C Density: 4.5g/cm 3 Reflective Index: 1.82 Thermal Expansion Coefficient: 7.8x10-6 /K <111> Thermal Conductivity (W/m/K): 14W/m/K, 20 C 10.5W/m/K, 100 C Mohs Hardness: 8.5 Stimulated Emission Cross Section: 2.8x10-19 cm -2 Relaxation Time of Terminal Lasing Level: Radiative Lifetime: Spontaneous Fluorescence: Line Pump Wavelength Polarized Emission Thermal Birefringence Absorption band at pump wavelength Loss Coefficient: 30 ns 550 ms 230 ms 0.6 nm 807.5nm Unpolarized High 1nm nm 10

13 Laser Crystal Main Applications: Nd:YAG can produce blue laser light with the frequency-doubling of 946nm Nd:YAG can be operated in a very high power laser up to KW level at 1064nm Nd:YAG can be Q-switched with Cr4+YAG directly Nd:YAG can be used for obtainiing high power green laser light with SHG@1064nm Specifications: Doping (atm%): 0.9%~ 1.1% Orientation: Wavefront Distortion: Extinction Ratio: Dimension Tolerances Surface Quality: Parallelism: Perpendicularity: Clear Aperture: <111> >crystalline direction ±30arc minute λ/8 per 633 nm >28dB Rods with diameter: ±0.025 mm, Length: ±0.5 mm 10/5 Scratch / Dig (MIL-O-1380A) <10 arc seconds 5 arc minutes > 90% Central Area Flatness: λ/10 Chamfer: Barrel Finish: Anti-Reflection Coating: High-Reflection Coating: 0.1mm@ micro-inch (RMS) R < 1064 nm per surface. Damage threshold over 1GW/cm2@ 1064nm, 10 ns and 10 Hz Standard HR coating with 1064nm and 808nm Note: Other specifications and dimensions are available upon customer s request. Commonly Used Doping Concentration and Rod Sizes: Doping Dimension Coating 1% φ3 x 50mm AR/AR@1064nm 1% φ4 x 40mm AR/AR@1064nm 1% φ6 x 60mm AR/AR@1064nm 1% φ6 x 80mm AR/AR@1064nm 1% φ6 x 100mm AR/AR@1064nm >1% φ6 x 120mm AR/AR@1064nm 1% φ8 x 120mm AR/AR@1064nm 1% φ8 x 135mm AR/AR@1064nm Note: Other doping concentrations and rod dimensions are available upon customer s request. 11

14 Laser Crystal Neodymium doped Yttrium Orthovanadate (Nd:YVO4) Crystal Shown excellent in efficiency, physical, optical and mechanical properties, Nd:YVO4 crystal is widely applied as laser material to diode-pumped solid-state (DPSS) lasers to yield stableand powerful red, green and infrared laser. In comparison with Nd:YAG material for diode-pumping applications Nd:YVO4 lasers have the following features: lower lasing threshold and higher slope effciency; large stimulated emission cross-section at lasing wavelength; high absorption over a wide pumping wavelength bandwidth; low dependency on pumping wavelength and easier to yield single mode output. OSICO manufactures and provides customers with different kinds of dopants and different doping levels of Nd:YVO4 crystals on a competitive pricing basis. Basic Properties Atomic Density 1.26x10 20 atoms/cm 3 (Nd 1.0%) Crystal Structure zircon tetragonal, space group D 4h -I4/amd a=b= Density 4.22g/cm 3 Mohs Hardness Thermal Expansion Coefficient (300K) Thermal Conductivity Coefficient (300K) 4-5 (Glass-like) α a =4.43x10-6 /K α c =11.37x10-6 /K // C: W/cm/K C: W/cm/K Optical Properties Lasing wavelength Thermal optical coefficient (300K) Stimulated emission cross-section 1064nm, 1342nm dno/dt=8.5x10-6 /K dne/dt=2.9x10-6 /K 25x10-19 cm Fluorescent lifetime 90µs Absorption coefficient Intrinsic loss Gain bandwidth Polarized laser emission 31.4cm 0.02cm π polarization; parallel to optic axis(c-axis) Diode pumped optical to optical efficiency >60% 12

15 Laser Crystal Sellmeier Equations (for pure YVO4 crystals)( λ in µm ) no 2 = /(λ ) λ 2 ne 2 = /(λ ) λ 2 Laser Properties of Nd:YVO 4 Laser crystal Doping(atm%) σ(x10-19 cm 2 ) α(cm -1 ) τ (ms) l α(mm) P th (mw) η s (%) Nd:YVO (a-cut) Nd:YVO4 (c-cut) Nd:YAG Diode pumped Nd:YVO 4 laser output comparing with diode pumped Nd:YAG laser Crystals Size (mm 3 ) Pump Power Output (at 1064nm) Nd:YVO4 3x3x1 850mW 350mW Nd:YVO4 3x3x5 15W 6W Nd:YAG 3x3x2 850mW 34mW Diode pumped Nd:YVO 4 +KTP green laser Nd:YVO4 (mm 3 ) KTP (mm 3 ) Pump Power Output (TEM 00 at 532nm) 3x3x1 3x3x5 890mW 76mW 3x3x1 3x3x5 50mW 2.5mW Typical Nd:YVO 4 Crystal Specifications Transmitting Wavefront distortion Dimension Tolerance Clear Aperture Flatness Scratch/Dig Code Parallelism Perpendicularity AR Coating HR Coating less than λ 633 nm (W ± 0.1mm)x(H ± 0.1mm)x(L ±0.1mm) > 90% central area λ /8@ 633 nm, and λ for thickness less than 2mm 10/5 to MIL-O-13830A better than 20 arc seconds 5 arc minutesangle tolerance: < ± 0.5 o R< 0.2% at 1064nm R>99.8% at 1064nm, T>95% at 808nm 13

16 Non-linear Crystal c. Beta-Barium Borate Crystal (BBO, ß-BaB 2 O 4 ) BBO is an excellent non-linear crystal for frequency-doubling (SHG) of Visible and Near IR laser light, OPO/OPG/OPA pumped by ultrafast pulses of wavelengths in the Near IR to UV, and sum-frequency mixing (SFM) into the Visible to the deep UV. BBO is the only practical crystal for use below 500 nm in SHG and SFM. BBO crystal has broad tunability, high damage threshold, and high efficiency. BBO's small acceptance angle requires a very good beam quality and its large walkoff results in output beams that are very elliptical or slit-like. Type I is usually much more efficient than type II operation. BBO can not be used for NCPM (temperature tuned) application. BBO is very good for tunable laser sources, such as ultrafast Ti:Sapphire or dye lasers. And it is also widely used for SHG, 3HG, 4HG, and autocorrelation of femtosecond and picosecond Ti:Sapphire lasers; SHG, 3HG, 4HG, 5HG of YAG lasers at 1064 nm and 1320 nm to yield output of nm; SHG of tunable dye or solid-state laser sources from nm to yield output of nm, SFM of dye laser and YAG harmonics to yield output of nm; DFM (difference-frequency mixing) from the Visible to the IR range up to over 3000 nm; OPO pumped with SHG or 3HG of YAG or Ti:Sapphire with an output range of ; Intracavity SHG of Argon ion lasers (488, 514 nm) or Copper vapor lasers (510 nm, 578 nm). BBO Characteristics Crystal Structural and Physical Properties Crystal Structure Trigonal, space group R 3c Cell Parameters a = b = Å, c = Å, Z = 6 Melting point C Transition temperature C Optical homogeneity δ n ~ 10-6 /cm Mohs hardness 4 Density 3.85 g/cm 3 Absorption coefficient Specific heat Hygroscopic susceptibility < 0.1%/cm (at 1064nm) 1.91J/cm 3 xk low Thermal expansion coefficients a, 4 x 10-6 /K; c, 36 x 10-6 /K Thermal conductivity c, 1.2 W/m/K; //c, 1.6 W/m/K 14

17 Non-linear Crystal Linear Optical Properties Transparency range Refractive indices: at 1064 nm at 532 nm at 266 nm Therm-optic coefficients nm n e = , n o = n e = , n o = n e = , n o = dn o /dt = -9.3 x 10-6 / C dn e /dt = x 10-6 / C Sellmeier Equations(λ in mm) n o 2 (λ) = λ /(λ ) ne 2 (λ) = λ /(λ ) Nonlinear Optical Properties Phase-matchable output wavelength nm d 11 = 5.8 x d 36 (KDP) NLO coefficients d 31 = 0.05 x d 11 d 22 < 0.05 x d 11 Electro-optic coefficients γ 11 = 2.7 pm/v, γ 22, γ 31 < 0.1γ 11 Half-wave voltage Damage threshold at 1064nm at 532nm 48 KV (at 1064 nm) 5 GW/cm 2 (10 ns); 10 GW/cm 2 (1.3 ns) 1 GW/cm 2 (10 ns); 7 GW/cm 2 (250 ps) BBO Typical Specifications Thin crystals: 5 x 5 x (0.05-3) mm 3, 10x10x(0.1-3) mm 3 Regular sizes: 4 x 4 mm 2 to 20 x 20 mm 2 in diameter, 3-20 mm in length Different cuts, sizes and AR coatings are available upon request. BBO is hygroscopic. In application, protective coating or AR coating or crystal housing is usually recommended. 15

18 Non-linear Crystal c. BiBO Crystal (BiB 3 O 6 ) BiBO (BiB 3 O 6 ) is a newly developed nonlinear optical (NLO) crystal. The crystal features a large effective nonlinear coefficient and a high damage threshold. It is on-hydroscopic. BiBO s nonlinear coefficient is about times higher than that of LBO, times higher than that of BBO. It can be efficiently used for frequency doubling of the 946nm laser beam to obtain blue laser at 473nm. Advantages: Broad transparency range from 286nm to 2500nm High optical homogeneity (dn»10-6/cm) and being free of inclusion Large effective SHG coefficient (about 9 times that of KDP) High damage threshold Wide temperature-bandwidth Inertness with respect to moisture Application: SHG and THG for middle and high power Nd: lasers at 1064nm SHG and THG of high power Nd: lasers at 1342nm & 1319nm for red and blue laser SHG for the Nd: Lasers at 914nm & 946nm for blue laser Optical Parametric Amplifiers (OPA) and Oscillators (OPO) application Nonlinear Optical Property Comparison Properties BIBO LBO BBO Length (mm) Deff (pm/v) Walk-Off (mrad) Output Power (W) Conversion Efficiency 63% 33% 47% Main Specifications Maximum Size Diameter Tolerance Length Coating specification: 20 x 20 x 40 mm ±0.1mm +0.5/-0.1mm (L>=2.5mm) +0.1/-0.1mm (L<2.5mm) a) 940nm or b) 1053nm or or 16

19 Non-linear Crystal Parallelism Perpendicularity < 20 arc seconds < 5 arc minutes Angle Tolerance θ < ± 0.3, φ < ±0.3 Surface Flatness Surface Quality <λ/8 at 632.8nm 10/5 Scratch/Dig Clear aperture Central 90% Physical and Chemical Properties Crystal Structure Monoclinic, Point Group 2 Lattice Parameters a = Ä, b = 4.993Ä, c = 6.508Ä, Z = Melting Point (congruent) 726 C Specific Heat Hardness 0.5 J/g-K at 330 K Mohs Density g/cm 3 Thermal Expansion Coefficients //a, 4.8 x 10-5 /K, //b, 4.4 x 10-6 /K, //c, x 10-5 /K Optical Properties Transparency Range Refractive Indices at nm at nm Optical homogeneity NLO coefficients (pm/v) nm n 1 = , n 2 = , n 3 = n 1 = , n 2 = , n 3 = ~ 10-6 /cm d 11 = 2.53, d 12 = d 14 = 2.3, d 13 = -1.3, d 25 = d 36 = 2.4, d 26 = 2.8, d 35 = -0.9 n i 2 (λ) = A + B/(λ 2 -C) )- Dλ 2 A B C D Sellmeier Equations n n n

20 Non-linear Crystal Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate (KDP) and Potassium Dideuterium Phosphate (KD*P) Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate (KDP) and PDideuterium Phosphate (KD*P) crystals are ones among the most widely-used commercial NLO materials, they feature good UV transmission, high damage threshold and high birefringence, though their NLO coefficients are relatively low. They are commonly used for doubling, tripling and quadrupling of Nd:YAG laser at the room temperature. In addition, they are also excellent electro-optic crystals with high electro-optic coefficients, widely used as electro-optical modulators, Q-switches, and Pockels Cells, etc. Features: - Good UV transmission - High optical damage threshold - High birefringence High nonlinear coefficients KDP crystal DKDP crystal 18

21 Non-linear Crystal Physical and Optical Properties: KDP KD*P(DKDP) Chemical Formula KH 2 PO 4 KD 2 PO 4 Crystal Structure Tetragonal Tetragonal Transmission Range nm nm Nonlinear Coefficients d 36 =0.44pm/V d 36 =0.40pm/V Refractive Indcies (at 1064nm) n o =1.4938, n e = n o =1.4948, n e = Electro-Optical Coefficients r 41 =8.8pm/V r 63 =10.3pm/V r 41 =8.8pm/V r 63 =25pm/V Longitudinal Half-Wave Voltage V p =7.65KV(l=546nm) V p =2.98KV(l=546nm) Absorption 0.07/cm 0.006/cm Temperature Synchronism Width 11.5 o C*cm 7.4 o C*cm Spectral Synchronism Width 106 Å*cm 32 Å*cm Angle Synchronism Width 0.84 mrad*cm 0.94 mrad*cm Absorption Coefficient, cm Mohs Hardness Optical Damage Threshold >5 GW/cm 2 >3 GW/cm 2 Extinction Ratio 30dB Sellmeier Equations KDP DK*P 2 n o = /(λ ) λ 2 /(λ 2-400) 2 n e = /(λ ) λ 2 /(λ 2-400) 2 n o = /(λ ) λ λ 4 2 n e = /(λ ) λ λ 4 Applications: - Second, third, and fourth harmonic generation of Nd:lasers - Frequency doubling of dyer laser - High power laser frequency conversion materials - Shutter for high speed photography - Electro-optical modulator and Q switches 19

22 Non-linear Crystal KD*P Single Crystals - Standard Designation Operation Input Output 53.7 SHG (II) 1064 nm 532 nm 59.5 THG (II) 1064 nm nm 355 nm 63.7 SFM (II) 1064 nm + ( nm) nm 86 FHG (I) angle tune 532 nm 266nm 90 FHG (I) temp. tune 532 nm 266 nm 36.6 SHG (I) 1064 nm 532 nm 46.8 THG(I) 1064 nm nm 355 nm DKDP Specifications Wavefront Distortion: Dimension Tolerance: Clear Aperture: Flatness: Scratch/Dig Code: Parallelism: Perpendicularity: less than 633nm (W± 0.1mm) x (H±0.1mm) x (L + 0.2mm/-0.1mm) > 90% central area 633nm 10/5 to MIL-O-13830A better than 20 arc seconds 5 arc minutes Angle Tolerance: θ <± 0.3, φ <±0.3 Quality Warranty Period: one year under proper use Note: KDP and KD*P crystals are highly hygroscopic and crystal coating is not available. Please keep the crystals in dry environment (<50%) for preservation. It is recommended that the crystals are mounted in sealed housings. 20

23 Non-linear Crystal KTP Crystal KTP crysta or Potassium Titanium Oxide Phosphate (KTiOPO 4 ) is an efficient nonlinear optical crystal in the visible to infrared spectral region with relatively low cost. It has large nonlinear coefficient. The effective nonlinear optical coefficient of KTP deff at 1064nm is more than 1.5 times that of BBO. It's damage threshold is near 1 GW/cm 2 for 1 Hz 10 ns pulses at 1064nm. Features: Efficient frequency conversion(1064nm SHG conversion efficiency is about 80%) Large nonlinear optical coefficients(15 times that of KDP) Wide angular bandwidth and small walk-off angle Broad temperature and spectral bandwidth High thermal conductivity (2 times that of BNN crystal ) Moisture free Minimum mismatch gradient Super-polished optical surface No decomposition below 900 C Mechanically stable Low cost compare with BBO and LBO Applications: Frequency Doubling (SHG) of Nd-doped Lasers for Green/Red Output Frequency Mixing (SFM) of Nd Laser and Diode Laser for Blue Output Parametric Sources (OPG, OPA and OPO) for 0.6mm-4.5mm Tunable Output Electrical Optical(E-O) Modulators, Optical Switches, and Directional Couplers Optical Waveguides for Integrated NLO and E-O Devices Additional applications for KTP include mixed frequency, electro-optical modulation, optical parametric generation and optical waveguide. 21

24 Non-linear Crystal Physical Properties: Crystal Structure Point Group Melting Point Orthorhombic mm C incongruent Lattice Parameters a=6.404å b=10.615å c=12.814å Z=8 Temperature of Decomposition ~1150 C Transition Temperature 936 C Mohs Hardness ~5 Density Color Hygroscopic Susceptibility Specific Heat Thermal Conductivity Electrical Conductivity Thermal Expansion Coefficients Thermal Conductivity Coefficients g/cm3 colorless no cal/g. C 0.13 W/cm/ C 3.5x10-8 s/cm (c-axis, 22 C, 1KHz) a1 = 11 x 10-6 C -1 a2 = 9 x 10-6 C -1 a3 = 0.6 x 10-6 C -1 k1 = 2.0 x 10-2 W/cm C k2 = 3.0 x 10-2 W/cm C k3 = 3.3 x 10-2 W/cm C Dielectric Constant e eff = 13 22

25 Non-linear Crystal Optical Properties: Transmitting Range 350nm ~ 4500nm n x n y n z Refractive Indices 1064nm nm Absorption Coefficients Therm-Optic Coefficients a < and 532nm dn x /dt=1.1x10-5/ C dn y /dt=1.3x10-5/ C dn z /dt=1.6x10-5/ C Low frequency (pm/v) High frequency (pm/v) Electro-Optic Coefficients r r r r r Sellmeier Equations Sellmeier Equations n 2 x = λ 2 /(λ ) λ 2 n 2 y = λ 2 /(λ ) λ 2 n 2 z = λ 2 /(λ ) λ 2 Nonlinear Optical Properties Phase Matching Range Nonlinear Coefficients (@1064nm) Effective Nonlinear Optical Coefficients 497nm nm d 31 =2.54pm/V, d 31 =4.35pm/V, d 31 =16.9pm/V d 24 =3.64pm/V, d 15 =1.91pm/V at mm d eff (II) (d 24 - d 15 )sin2θsin2φ - (d 15 sin 2 φ + d 24 cos 2 φ)sinθ 23

26 Non-linear Crystal Type II SHG of 1064nm Laser Phase Matching Angle Effective Nonlinear Optical Coefficients Angular Acceptance Temperature Acceptance Spectral Acceptance Walk-Off Angle θ=90 φ=23.2 d eff 8.3 x d36(kdp) Δθ= 75 mrad Δφ= 18 mrad 25 C.cm 5.6 Åm 1 mrad Optical Samage Threshold MW/cm 2 Main Specification: Dimension Phase Matching Type Typical Coating 1x1x0.05mm - 30x30x40mm Type II, θ=90 φ=phase-matching angle a) S1&S2: R<0.1%; 532nm, R<0.25%. b) S1: R>99.8%; T>5%, S2: R<0.1%; R<0.25% Customized coating available upon customer request. Angle Tolerance 6' Dimension Tolerance Flatness Scratch/Dig Code Δθ< ±0.5, Δφ< ±0.5, ± mm (W ±0.1mm) x (H ±0.1mm) x (L + 0.2mm/-0.1mm) for NKC series 633nm10/5 Scratch/dig per MIL-O-13830A <10' better than 10 arc seconds for NKC series Parallelism 5' Perpendicularity Wavefront Distortion Clear Aperture Working Temperature Homogeneity 5 arc minutes for NKC series less than 633nm 90% central area 25 C- 80 C dn ~10-6/cm 24

27 Non-linear Crystal LBO Crystal (Lithium Triborate) Lithium Triborate (LiB 3 O 5 or LBO) is an excellent nonlinear optical crystal. It is unique in many aspects, especially its wide transparency range, moderately high nonlinear coupling, high damage threshold and good chemical and mechanical properties. Its transmission range is from 0.21 µm to 2.3 µm. LBO allows temperature-controllable non-critical phase-matching (NCPM) for µm, Type I SHG, and also provides room temperature NCPM for Type II SHG at µm. It possesses a relatively large angular acceptance bandwidth, reducing the beam quality requirements for source lasers. Features: Broad transparency range from 160nm to 2600nm High optical homogeneity (dn»10-6/cm) and being free of inclusion Relatively large effective SHG coefficient (about three times that of KDP) High damage threshold (18.9 GW/cm2 for a 1.3ns laser at 1053nm) Wide acceptance angle and small walk-off angle Type I and Type II non-critical phase matching (NCPM) in a wide wavelength range Spectral NCPM near 1300nm Applications: Optical parametric amplifiers (OPA) and oscillators (OPO); Frequency doubling (SHG) and tripling (THG) Diode laser pumped Nd:YAG and Nd: YLF laser. Alexandrite, Ti:Sapphire, Dye Lasers, Ultrashort Pulse Lasers 25

28 Non-linear Crystal Physical and Chemical Properties Crystal Structure Orthorhombic, Space group Pna2 1, Point group mm2 Melting Point 834 C Lattice Parameters a=8.4473å, b=7.3788å, c=5.1395å, Z=2 Hardness ~6 Mohs Density g/cm 3 Thermal Expansion Coefficient Absorption Coefficient α x =10.8x10-5 /K, α y = -8.6x10-5 /K, a z =3.4x10-5 /K <0.1%/cm at 1064nm Optical Properties Transparency Range nm Wavelength n x n y n e Refractive Indices 1064 nm nm nm Absorption Coefficients Phase Matching Range Therm-Optic Coefficients a < and 0.532mm mm dn o /dt = x 10-6 / C dn e /dt = x 10-6 / C dn e /dt = ( λ) x 10-6 / C n 2 x= /(λ ) λ x 10-5 /λ 4 ( λ in µm, T=200 C) Sellmeier Equations n 2 y= /(λ ) λ x 10-4 /λ 4 ( λ in µm, T=200 C) n 2 z= /(λ ) λ x 10-4 /λ 4 ( λ in µm, T=200 C) Pulse CW ( for Nd:YAG lasers) Conversion Efficient SHG 70% 30% THG 60% Laser Damage Threshold 18 GW/cm 2 for a TEM 00 mode, 1.3ns, 1Hz laser at 1064nm; 1GW/cm2 for a CW, mode-locked laser at 1064nm. Nonlinear Coefficients d 31 = 1.05 ± 0.09 pm/v d 32 = ± 0.09 pm/v d 33 = 0.05 ± pm/v 26

29 Non-linear Crystal Main Specifications Angle Tolerance: θ< ± 0.5 ; φ< ±0.5 Dimension Tolerance: Flatness: Scratch/Dig Code: Parallelism: Perpendicularity: (W ± 0.1mm) x (H ± 0.1mm) x (L + 0.2mm/-0.1mm) 633nm 10/5 Scracth/dig per MIL-O-13830A better than 10 arc seconds 5 arc minutes Wavefront Distortion: Clear Aperture: less than 633nm > 90% central area Working Temperature: 25 C Coatings: AR/AR: 1064nm / 532nm R 1064 <0.1% R 532 <0.2% AR/AR: 532nm / 266nm R 532 <0.2% R 266 <0.5% AR/AR: 1064nm / 355nm R 1064 <0.2% R 355 <0.5% Note: When ordering finished LBO crystals, please provide detailed specifications. The engineering drawing is required if specific orientation needed. For special applications, consultation service is available if the buyer is not so sure about right phase matching angles. 27

30 Optical Crystal BaF 2 (Barium Fluoride) Crystal BaF 2 is relatively hard but is highly sensitive to thermal shock. For its transmission range is 0.2 µm - 11 µm, the material is widely used for making optical windows, lenses and prisms in UV-IR spectra. Besides it can also be used as substrate for some applications. BaF 2 is less resistant to attack by water than CaF 2. Pronounced water attack occurs at 500 C, but in a dry environment the material can be used up to 800 C. BaF 2 is grown by modified Bridgman technique. Maximum available size: Dia 200 mm x Thickness 50 mm. In addition, BaF 2 is usually used as scintillator for gamma detection. It is the fastest scintillating crystals up to now. Main Specifications Maximum Size Single Crystal: φ mm Poly Crystal: φ mm (3 ~7 boundaries) Dimension Tolerance ± 0.1mm Flatness Tolerance λ ~ λ /10 at nm over central 90% of edge dimensional Parallelism ±1 arc sec ~ ±3 arc min Surface Quality Scratch/Dig 10-5 Physical and Optical Properties: Transmission Range (mm) 0.15 ~12.5 Refractive Index (within 0.26~12.00 mm) ~ Reflection Loss at mm 5.3% (2 surfaces) Absorption Coefficient at 6mm (cm -1 ) Density (g/cm 3 ) 4.89 Melting Point ( C) 1280 Thermal Conductivity at 286K (Wm -1 K -1 ) Thermal Expansion at 273K (K -1 ) Knoop Hardness 82 with 500g indenter Specific Heat (J Kgm -1 K -1 ) 410 Dielectric Constant at 1MHz 7.33 Elastic Coefficients C 11 = 89.2 C 12 = 40.0 C 44 = 25.4 Apparent Elastic Limit (Mpa) 26.9 (3900psi) Possion Ratio Solubility in 100g water at 23 C (g) 0.17 Cleavage (111) 28

31 Optical Crystal CaF 2 (Calcium Fluoride) Crystal CaF 2 (Calcium Fluoride) crystal is not only a conventional but also an excellent material for the applications of laser optics. The crystal covers a very wide transmission range from 130nm to 9500 nm (UV, VIS and IR), especially, features a high transmittivity in IR range. Those advantages make CaF 2 an ideal material widely used in Laser, IR and UV optics for making optical windows and lenses, etc. Main Properties: Formula CaF 2 Structure Growth Method Maximum Size Cubic Stockbarger Technique Φ180 mm Transmission Range (µm) Density (g/cm 3 ) 3.18 Melting point ( C) 1418 Hardness (Mohs) 4 Thermal Expansion Coefficient (10-6 /K) Thermal Conductivity (W m -1 K -1 ) 9.17 Specific Heat Capacity (J kg -1 K -1 ) 888 Solubility in Water (g/100 cm 3 ) Solubility in Acids Solubility in Organic Solvents Wavelength (µm) Refractive Index unessential insoluble in acetone at 0.2 µm Absorption Coefficient (cm -1 ) 0.01 at 0.4 µm 0.03 at µm 29

32 Optical Crystal Transmission Spectrum: (Thickness 10 mm) 30

33 Optical Crystal LiF (Lithium Fluoride) Crystal LiF crystal shows excellent transmittance in the VUV region. It is used for optical windows, prisms, and lenses in the visible and infrared in µm - 7 µm. LiF crystal is sensitive to thermal shock and would be attacked by atmospheric moisture at 400 C. In addition irradiation produces color centers. Modest precautions should be taken against moisture and high energy radiation damage. Besides LiF softens at 600 C and is slightly plastic that can be bent into radius plates. The material can be cleaved along (100) and less commonly (110). Although the optical characteristics are good, the structure is not perfect and cleavage is difficult. For good structure LiF is less commonly grown by the Kyropoulos technique (air-grown) specifically for monochromator plates. High quality LiF is usually grown by modified Bridgman technique. Maximum available size in diameters is about 115mm. LiF is slightly plastic and can be bent into radius plates. Material and Specifications Transmission Range (µm) 0.12 ~ 6 Refractive Index at 0.6 µm Reflection Loss at 0.6 µm 5.2% (2 surfaces) Absorption Coefficient at 2.7µm (cm -1 ) Density (g/cm 3 ) Melting Point ( C) 870 Thermal Conductivity at 314K (Wm -1 K -1 ) 4.01 Thermal Expansion at 283K (K -1 ) Knoop Hardness 102 with 600g indenter Specific Heat Capacity (J Kgm -1 K -1 ) 1562 Elastic Coefficient C 11 =112; C 12 =46; C 44 = 63.5 Apparent Elastic Limit 11.2 Mpa (1620 psi) Poisson Ratio Solubility in 100g water at 20 C (g) 0.27 Cleavage (100) 31

34 Optical Crystal MgF 2 (Magnesium Fluoride) Crystal Magnesium Fluoride or MgF 2 is grown by vacuum Stockbarger technique in ingots approximately 120mm in diameter. It is a positive birefringent crystal with high optical transmittance from the vacuum ultraviolet to the infrared spectrum region. It is resistant to mechanical and thermal shock, to radiation, and is chemically stable. MgF 2 transmits well into the VUV region at the hydrogen Lyman-alpha line (121nm) and beyond. It is also used for most UV optics and is excellent for eximer laser application. Physical Properties Structure Solubility at 18 C Lattice Constant Tetragonal g (per 100g water) a=4.621å; c=3.053å Density 3.18g/cm 3 Hardness 6 Mohs Melting Point 1255 C Transparency Range Thermal Conductivity Expansion Coefficient 0.12 ~ 8.5µm 3.14W/m K C: 14.3; C: 9.15 (10-6 /K) Index of Refraction Wavelength (nm) n o n e Wavelength (nm) n o n e

35 Optical Crystal Sapphire (AI 2 O 3 ) Crystal As the hardest one of all oxide crystals, Sapphire crystal has a combination of optical and physical properties that make it the best choice for a variety of demanding applications. Sapphire maintains its strength even at high temperatures. It has good thermal properties, excellent electrical and dielectric properties and is resistant to chemical attack. These properties enable Sapphire crystal to be used in some tough environments where reliability, optical transmission and strength of material are required. Applications: UV and IR Optics Windows for High Temperature and Pressure, Corrosion Resistance, Abrasion Resistance Heat Sinders and Thermocouplers; Semiconductor Wafer Carriers Electrical Insulators Thin Film Deposition Transparent Electronic Substrate Silicon on Sapphire Wafers; Superconductor Substrate Physical and Optical Properties Crystal Structure Hexagonal Lattice a=4.785å, C=12.991Å Density 3.98g/cm 3 Transmission Range nm Melting Point 2040 C Specific Heat W.s/g/K Thermal Conductivity W/m/K Thermal Shock Resistance 790 W/m Thermal Expansion Coefficient 5.8x10-6 /K 13x10-6 /K Hardness 9 Mohs Refractive Index Sapphire crystals can be provided to be as-grown boules, as-cut cubes and slabs, or Sapphire windows with AR and HR coatings. 33

36 Optical Component Lens Lens is defined as a transparent optical component consisting of one or more pieces of optical glass with curved surfaces (usually spherical). The lens is usually working to converge or diverge the transmitted rays from an object, thus to form a real or virtual image of that object. The lenses provided are usually made of the following materials: BK7 glass, fused silica and CaF 2. Standard Specifications Diameter Tolerance +0.0, -0.15mm Centration 3 arc minutes Paraxial Focal Length ±2% Surface Figure λ/4@632.8nm Bevel 0.25 mm x 45 Surface Quality Clear Aperture BK7, Fused Silica CaF 2 60/40 scratches and dig 80/50 scratches and dig > 90% central area Main Lens Products Lenses Type Material Illustration BK7 Plano-Convex Fused Silica CaF 2 BK7 Convex-Convex Fused Silica CaF 2 BK7 Plano-Concave Fused Silica CaF 2 34

37 Optical Component Concave-Concave BK7, Fused Silica, CaF 2 Meniscus (Negative) BK7 Meniscus (Positive) BK7 Cylindrical BK7 Cylindrical Fused Silica Achromatic Combinations of Two Optical Grade Glasses Ring Mount for Lenses Black Anodized Aluminum 35

38 Optical Component Polarizers With the fast development of fiber-optic communication and polarization optics, a variety of polarizers are now playing more and more important roles in different applications, especially are widely used in optical components which are composed of many polarization optics. OSICO Technologies provides customized polarizers made of four materials such as α-bbo, Calcite, Quartz and YVO 4 for wide spectrum and high polarization applications. Comparison of the four materials YVO 4 Calcite α-bbo Quartz Transparency nm nm nm nm Crystal Class(Uniaxial) Positive Negative Negative Positive n o =n a =n b,n e =n c n o =n a =n b,n e =n c n o =n a =n b,n e =n c n o =n a =n b,n e =n c Mohs Hardness Thermal Expansion Coefficient α a =4.43x10-6 /K α c =11.37x10-6 /K α a =24.39x10-6 /K α c =5.68x10-6 /K α a =4x10-6 /K α c =36x10-6 /K α a =6.2x10-6 /K α c =10.7x10-6 /K Hygroscopic Susceptibility Low Low Low Low Main Polarizer Products Polarizer Material Illustration Properties and Applications Glan-Taylor Polarizer Glan-Laser Polarizer α - BBO ( nm) Calcite ( nm) YVO4 ( nm) α - BBO ( nm) Calcite ( nm) YVO4 ( nm) Air-spaced Close to Brewster's Angle Cutting. Low L/A=0.8 Mounted without escape windows. For low to medium power application. Air Spaced. Close to Brewster's Angle Cutting. Mounted with double escape windows. Suitable for high power applications. L/A=1.5 36

39 Optical Component α - BBO Glan-Thompson( nm) Polarizer Calcite ( nm) α - BBO ( nm) Calcite Wollaston ( nm) Polarizer YVO4 ( nm) Quartz ( nm) α - BBO ( nm) Rochon YVO4 Polarizer ( nm) Quartz ( nm) Cemented. Suitable for low power applications. Wide acceptance angle. Cemented. Separate ordinary and extraordinary beams at certain angle. Suitable for low power application and where the large deviation is required. α-bbo is used to guarantee a wide transmission range. Especially, suitable for UV application. Split the ordinary and extraordinary ray, but only ordinary beam is deviated. Polarization Beamsplitter Brewster Polarizer BK7 Grade A ( nm) Fused Silica ( nm) Calcite ( nm) YVO4 ( nm) Split the ordinary and extraordinary ray. Extinction Ratio:5 x 10 4 :1 Transmission Efficiency T > 98% High Damage Threshold 37

40 Optical Component Prisms There are many types of prisms configured in different optical systems, each with a particular geometric shape, used to achieve the reflections required to perform a specific imaging task. Reflecting prisms may invert, rotate, deviate or displace a beam. Dispersing prisms produce spectral separation for spectroscopic applications or tuning a laser output. OSICO Technologies provides customers with various, customized high precision prisms such as Penta Prism, Beamsplitter Penta Prism, Right Angle Prism, Corner Cube, Anamorphic Prism, Dove Prism, Roof Prism, and Wedge Prism. Penta Prism Penta prism can deviate an incident beam without inverting or reversing to 90. The deviation angle of 90 is independent of any rotation of the prism about an axis parallel to the line of intersection of the two reflecting faces. It is commonly used in Plumb Level, Surveying, Alignment, Range finding and Optical Tooling. The reflecting surfaces of this Prism must be coated with a metallic or dielectric coating. The standard Penta Prism reflecting surfaces are coated with aluminum or enhanced aluminum. Specifications: Material: BK7 Grade A optical glass Dimension Tolerance: ±0.25mm 90 Deviation Tolerance: 1. Standard series: < 30 arc seconds 2. Precision series: <10 arc seconds Flatness: 1. Standard series: λ/2 at nm 2. Precision series:up to λ/4 at nm Reflectivity: R > 95% per face from 630 to 680 nm Surface Quality: scratch and dig. Beamsplitter Penta Prism By adding a wedge and with partial reflective coating on surfaces S1, Penta Prism can be used as beamsplitter. The transmission/reflection (T/R) ratio of beamsplitter penta prism we supplied include 20/80, 50/50. Other ratio is available upon request. 38

41 Optical Component Specifications: Material: BK7 Grade A optical glass Dimension Tolerance:±0.25 mm 90,180 Deviation Tolerance: 1. Standard series: < 30 arc seconds 2. Precision series: <15 arc seconds Flatness: 1. Standard series: λ/2 at nm 2. Precision series: λ/4 at nm Reflectivity: R > 95% per face from 630 to 680 nm Surface Quality: scratch and dig Beamsplitter Ratio Transmission/Reflection T/R: 20/80 ± 5, T/R: 50/50± 5 Right Angle Prism A Right-Angle Prism is used as a mirror to deviate light through 90 degree, and also as a retroreflector to deflect light through 180 degree by total internal reflection. Specifications: Material: BK7 Grade A optical glass Dimension Tolerance:+0.0, -0.2 mm Clear Aperture: >80% Flatness: λ/2 at nm Angle Tolerance: 3 minutes, 1 minute, 30 seconds Surface Quality: scratch and dig Protective Bevel Corner Cube Retro Reflectors Corner Cube Retro-Reflectors have three mutually perpendicular surfaces and a hypotenuse face. It operates on the principle of total internal reflection(tir). A beam entering the effective aperture is reflected by the three roof surfaces and emerges from the 39

42 Optical Component entrance/exit surface parallel to itself. This property is independent of orientation of the retro-reflector, within acceptance angle limitations. For applications in which either the acceptance angle for TIR is exceeded, or the reflecting surfaces can not be kept sufficiently clean for TIR, a metal or dielectric coating can be applied to the reflecting surfaces. Specifications: Material: BK7 Grade A optical glass Dimension Tolerance:+0.0, -0.2 mm Clear Aperture: >80% Deviation: 180 ±3 arc sec Flatness: nm on big nm on other surface Wavefront Distortion: Surface Quality: scratch and dig Protective Bevel Anamorphic Prism Anamorphic Prism Pairs are used to transform elliptical laser diode beams into nearly circular beams. an average throughput of 95% can be achieved due to the prisms are set near Brewster's angle and with AR coating customized to the angle of the index SF11 glass. Specifications: Material: SF11 grade A fine annealed optical glass Dimension Tolerance:+0.0, mm Clear Aperture: >80% of the central area Deviation:θ = 29 27'±30" Flatness: nm Wavefront Distortion: Surface Quality: scratch and dig Coating: MgF2 single layer on perpendicular surface Dove Prism Invented by H.W. Dove, Dove Prisms are also known Reversion prisms. Dove prism has two applications. The main application is used as a rotator. It can rotate an image but without 40

43 Optical Component deviating the beam. And when the prism is rotated about the input parallel ray through some angle, the image rotates through twice that angle. It is very important that the application must be used with parallel or collimated beam and the large square reflective surface should be kept very clean. Another application is used as a retroreflector. For this application it perform as a right-angle prism. 90 Deg. Deflection 180 Deg. Deflection Specifications: Material: BK7 Grade A Optical Glass Dimension Tolerance:+0.0, -0.2 mm Clear Aperture: >80% of the central area Angle Tolerance:±3 arc min Flatness: nm Surface Quality: scratch and dig Protective Bevel Roof Prism Roof prism is combined with a right angle prism and a totally internally reflecting roof attached to hypotenuse surface. It can invert and reverse an image, also, deflect the image 90. Therefore, it is often used in terrestrial telescopes, viewing systems and rangefinders. Specifications: Material: BK7 Grade A Optical Glass Dimension Tolerance:+0.0, -0.2 mm Clear Aperture: >80% of the central area Angle Tolerance:±3 arc min Flatness: nm Surface Quality: scratch and dig Protective Bevel 41

44 Optical Component Wedge Prism Wedge prism is an optical element with plane-inclined surfaces, usually the faces are inclined toward one another at a very small angles. It diverts light toward its thicker portion. Wedge prisms can be used as isolating components. Wedges may also be used to produce a small deviation which doesn't allow return to source. Specifications: Material: BK7 Grade A Optical Glass or Fused Silica Design Wavelength: nm Design Index: n= @632.8nm for BK7,n= @308nm for Fused Silica Dimension Tolerance:+0.0, -0.1 mm Wedge Angle: ±1 minute Flatness: nm Surface Quality: scratch and dig Protective Bevel 42

45 Optical Component Waveplates Waveplates (retardation plates or phase shifters) are made of materials which possess birefringent characteristics. The velocities of the extraordinary and ordinary rays through the birefringent materials vary inversely with their refractive indices. The difference in velocities gives rise to a phase difference when the two beams recombine. In the case of an incident linearly polarized beam this is given by a=2π*d(n e -n o )/λ (a-phase difference; d-thickness of waveplate; ne,no-refractive indices of extraordinary and ordinary rays respectively;λ-wavelength). At any specific wavelength the phase difference is governed by the thickness of the retarder. Half Waveplate The thickness of a half waveplate is such that the phase difference is 1/2-wavelength (true-zero order) or some multiple of 1/2-wavelength [(2n+1)λ/2 multiple order]. A linearly polarized beam incident on a half waveplate emerges as a linearly polarized beam but rotates such that its angle to the optical axis is twice that of the incident beam. Therefore, half waveplates can be used as continuously adjustable polarization rotators. Half waveplates are used in rotating the plane of polarization, electro-optic modulation and as a variable ratio beamsplitter when used in conjunction with a polarization cube. Quarter Waveplate The thickness of the quarter waveplate is such that the phase difference is 1/4 wavelength (λ/4,true-zero order) or some multiple of 1/4 wavelength [(2n+1)λ/4,multiple order]. If the angle between the electric field vector of the incident linearly polarized beam and the retarder principal plane of the quarter waveplate is 45, the emergent beam is circularly polarized. When a quarter waveplate is double passed, i.e. by mirror reflection, it acts as a half waveplate and rotates the plane of polarization to a certain angle. Quarter waveplates are used in creating circular polarization from linear or linear polarization from circular, ellipsometry, optical pumping, suppressing unwanted reflection and optical isolation. 43

46 Optical Component Standard Waveplate Wavelengths Wavelength (nm) Other wavelengths within the ranger of nm are also available upon request. Standard Specifications Material Dimension Tolerance Wavefront Distortion Retardation Tolerance Parallelism Surface Quality Clear Aperture AR Coating Standard Wave Wavelength Range Crystal Quartz +0.0, -0.1mm <λ/300 <1 arc second 20/10 scratches and dig >90% central area central wavelength quarter-wave (λ/4), half-wave (λ/2) nm Cemented & Optically Cemented Zero Order Waveplate Zero order waveplate is a quarter or half-wave retarder made from two plates of quartz within their fast axes crossed. The difference in thickness between the two plates determines the retardance. it has broad bandwidth and a lower sensitivity to temperature and wavelength changes. It should be considered for more critical applications. Optically Contacted or Cemented High Damage Threshold Better Temperature Bandwidth Wide Wavelength Bandwidth AR Coated R<0.2% Standard Specifications Material Dimension Tolerance Wavefront Distortion Retardation Tolerance Parallelism Surface Quality Clear Aperture AR Coating Crystal Quartz +0.0, -0.2mm <λ/8@632.8 λ/200~λ/500 <1 arc second 20/10 scratches and dig >90% central area central wavelength 44

47 Optical Component Standard Wave Wavelength Range quarter-wave (λ/4), half-wave (λ/2) nm Airspaced Zero-order Waveplate Double Retardation Plates High Damage Threshold Better Temperature Bandwidth Wide Wavelength Bandwidth AR coated and Mounted Epoxy Cemented True Zero Order Waveplate This type of true zero order waveplate is constructed of a waveplate and a BK7 substrate. As the waveplate is very thin and easy to be damaged, the BK7 plate's function is to strengthen the waveplate. Epoxy Contacted High Damage Threshold Better Temperature Bandwidth Wide Wavelength Bandwidth AR Coated R<0.2% Standard Specifications Material Crystal Quartz Dimension Tolerance +0.0, -0.1mm Wavefront Distortion < λ/8@632.8 Retardation Tolerance < λ/300 Parallelism < 1 arc second Surface Quality 20/10 scratches and dig Clear Aperture > 90% central area AR Coating R < central wavelength Standard Wave quarter-wave (λ/4), half-wave (λ/2) Wavelength Range nm 45

48 Optical Component Single Plate True Zero Order Waveplate High Damage Threshold Better Temperature Bandwidth Wide Wavelength Bandwidth AR Coated R<0.2% 1310nm and 1550nm half waveplate available Multiple Order Waveplate The multiple order waveplates are less expensive and found use in many applications where the increased sensitivities are not important.telecommunications waveplates is available as small as 1mm. Thickness: mm High Damage Threshold Better Temperature Bandwidth Low Cost Standard Specifications Material Dimension Tolerance Wavefront Distortion Retardation Tolerance Parallelism Surface Quality Clear Aperture AR Coating Standard Wave Wavelength Range Crystal Quartz +0.0, -0.2mm <1 arc second 20/10 scratches and dig >90% central area central wavelength quarter-wave (λ/4), half-wave (λ/2) nm 46

49 Optical Component Dual Wavelength Waveplate Dual wavelength waveplates are THG-PR polarization rotators and used to manage the states of polarization of laser beams to obtain maximum conversion efficiency of third harmonic generations (THG), i.e., 1064 nm nm ---> 355 nm. The THG-PR can be applied to: 1. Type II (SHG) + Type II (THG) 2. Type I (SHG) + Type I (THG) 3. Type II (SHG) + Type I (THG) Standard Specifications Material Crystal Quartz Dimension Tolerance +0.0, -0.2mm Wavefront Distortion <λ/8@632.8 Retardation Tolerance <λ/300 Parallelism <1 arc second Surface Quality 20/10 scratches and dig Wavelength Range nm AR Coating R<0.5% at both wavelength 47

50 Optical Component Windows Windows are made of optical glass with fine ground, polished and coated faces that are relatively parallel. Windows are widely used to isolate two physical environments while allowing light to pass through. When selecting windows, some important factors are together evaluated such as: material, transmission, scattering, wavefront distortion, parallelism and required ability against some tough application environment. Windows provided are usually made of the materials listed below. Customized windows are available upon request. Single layer or multiplayer anti-reflecting coatings are available. Main Window Products Material Properties Application BK7 Fused Silica Sapphire Calcium Fluoride Magnesium Fluoride Transmission Range: nm Refractive Index: Transmission Range: nm Refractive Index: Low Thermal Expansion Coefficient: 0.58x 10-6 K Transmission Range: nm Refractive Index: 1.755@1000nm Strong Hardness Transmission Range: nm Refractive Index: 1.399@ 5000nm Little Hygroscopic Susceptibility High Thermal Expansion Coefficient: x 10-6 K Transmission Range: nm Refractive Index: 1.376@700nm Good performance over visible and near IR spectrum for most application. Better performance from UV to IR spectrum. Also, it is the best choice for resistance thermal application. Suit for scratch resistance application with better transmission over the wide range spectrum. It can be made much thinner. It is applicable for wide rang spectrum, and it is particularly useful for excimer laser application. It is applicable for wide range spectrum, and it is particularly useful for Excimer laser application. 48