Oppanol B types. Technical Information. Oppanol B 30 SF Oppanol B 50 / B 50 SF Oppanol B 80 Oppanol B 100 / B 100 G

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1 Technical Information Oppanol B types TI/ES 1415 e April 1999 Supersedes edition dated October 1997 = Registered trademark of BASF Aktiengesellschaft Oppanol B 30 SF Oppanol B 50 / B 50 SF Oppanol B 80 Oppanol B 100 / B 100 G These Oppanol B types are used for producing adhesives, sealants, lubricating oils, coating componds, and chewing gum. They are also recommended for modifying bitumen. Specialty chemicals

2 Oppanol B 30 SF* Oppanol B 50 / B 50 SF* Oppanol B 80 Oppanol B 100 / B 100 G** Nature Polyisobutenes with different relative molecular mass in the upper range. Properties Specification of delivery Oppanol B type Unit Measured value Staudinger index (J O ) 1) Flow time 2) s ) ** For use in the food sector, e.g. chewing gum, Oppanol B 30 and B 50 can be supplied without a stabilizer. The products are then known as Oppanol B 30 SF and B 50 SF. ** Oppanol B 100 G is supplied as granules, all other Oppanol B types in blocks with 20 kg. 1) Formerly known as intrinsic viscosity ([ ]). Note. J o = 10 2 [ ] because the concentration c is now indicated in g/cm 3 and no longer in g/100 cm 3. 2) Flow time of a solution with concentration c = g/cm 3 (= 0.2%) in isooctane without Hagenbach-Couette correction. 3) Flow time of a solution with concentration c = g/cm 3 (= 0.5%) in isooctane without Hagenbach-Couette correction. cm The Staudinger index J 3 o g is calculated from the flow time at 20 C through capillary I of an Ubbelohde viscometer. J o = sp /c ( x sp ) cm 3 /g (Schulz-Blaschke equation) sp = to 1 (specific viscosity) = t o where t t o = flow time of the solution, with Hagenbach-Couette correction = flow time of the solvent, with Hagenbach-Couette correction c = concentration of the solution in g/cm 3 The appearance of these Oppanol B types is clear to slightly turbid, and their hue may vary from colourless to slightly yellowish or grey. 3

3 Other properties Oppanol B type Relative molecular mass M 1) v (viscosity averages) Relative molecular mass M 2) n (number averages) Glass temperature T g C (DSC) 1) The viscosity average of the relative molecular mass is calculated as follows: M v = 0.65 J o x ) The number average of the relative molecular mass is calculated as follows: M n = 0.94 J o x Properties that are independent Unit Value of the relative molecular mass Density at 20 C g cm Thermal coefficient of cubic expansion at 23 C K Specific heat c kj kg -1 K Thermal conductivity W K -1 m Refractive index n 20 D 1.51 Dielectric constant r (50 Hz, 23 C) DIN Dissipation factor tan (50 Hz, 23 C) Volume resistivity cm Water-vapour permeation coefficient g m -1 h-1 mbar Viscosity The Oppanol B types exhibit cold flow dependent on the relative molecular mass. As a result of chain entanglements, the molecular network in high molecular-weight Oppanol B is similar to that of crosslinked rubber. The network of polyisobutene is not held together by chemical bonds, and it yields under sustained loads as the chain becomes disentangled. Under sustained loads, high-molecular-weight Oppanol B behaves like a liquid, or in other words, it undergoes plastic deformation. High-molecular-weight polyisobutene has the same viscoelastic behaviour as a molten polymer. Fig. 1 shows the viscosity as a function of the temperature. The plotted points were measured at low shear rates, and theycorrespond to the Newtonian viscosity for the material. At higher shea rates, the viscosity of polyisobutene, like that of all polymer melts, is heavily dependent on the rate of shear. 4

4 Viscosity in d Pas B B Temperature in C Fig. 1 Newtonian viscosity of Oppanol B 100 and 200 as a function of the temperature Solubility Oppanol B is soluble in aliphatic, aromatic, cyclic, and halogenated hydrocarbons. It is swollen by alcohols, ethers, esters, and ketones, the extent of swelling increasing with the length of the hydrocarbon chain. The rate at which Oppanol B is dissolved or swollen by homologous solvente is inversely proportional to the molecular mass of the solvent (rate of swelling in pentane > in mineral spirit b.p C > in mineral spirit b.p C > in diesel oil.) The viscosity of middle and high-molecular-weight polyisobutene solutions in various solvents varies widely owing to the differences in the degree of solvation. This is illustrated in Fig. 2, which shows the viscosity of various Oppanol B 100 solutions as a function of the concentration. The relationship between viscosity and concentration for Oppanol B 100 and 200 solutions in mineral spirit is shown in Fig. 3. 5

5 Viscosity [d Pas] Cyclohexane Carbon tetrachloride Toluene 10 1 n-hexane Concentration [g/dl] Fig. 2 Viscosity of Oppanol B 100 solutions in various solvents at 30 C as a function of the concentration. 6

6 d Pas 10 5 Measured at 50 C Oppanol B 200 Oppanol B C Viscosity of 50 C mineral spirit % wt. Oppanol B Fig. 3 Viscosity of Oppanol B 200 and 100 solutions in mineral spirits (b.p C) as a function of the concentration. The curves represent measurements at 30 C, and the plotted points represent measurements at 50 C. 7

7 Viscosity [mm 2 /s] Oppanol B Oppanol B Oppanol B Concentration [g/100 g] Fig. 4 Viscosity of Oppanol B 30, B 50, B 100 in mineral oil SN 100 at 40 C as a function of the concentration. 8

8 Viscosity [mm 2 /s] Oppanol B Oppanol B 50 Oppanol B Concentration [g/100 g] Fig. 5 Viscosity of Oppanol B 30, B 50, B 100 in mineral oil SN 100 at 100 C as a function of the concentration. 9

9 Viscosity [mm 2 /s] 10 2 Oppanol B 100 Oppanol B Oppanol B Concentration [wt/%] Fig. 6 Viscosity of Oppanol B 30, B 50, B 100 in mineral oil SN 100 at 160 C as a function of the concentration. In the Fig. 4 to 6 the viscosity of Oppanol B 30, B 50 and B 100 in mineral oil SN 100 is shown as a function of concentration at different temperatures. Fig. 7 illustrate the viscosities of Oppanol B 30, B 50 and B 100 in n-heptane at different concentrations. 10

10 10 3 Viscosity [mm 2 /s] Oppanol B Oppanol B 50 Oppanol B Concentration [wt %] Fig. 7 Viscosity of Oppanol B 30, B 50, B 100 in n-heptane at 40 C as a function of the concentration. Gas permeation In Table 1, the permeation coefficients of Oppanol B 200 for nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide are compared with the corresponding figures for natural rubber and for high-density and low-density polyethylene. Oppanol B 30 to B 150 have the same permeability to gases as Oppanol B 200. Table 1 Permeation coefficient Q x 10 3 (cm 2 x d -1 x bar -1 ) of Oppanol B 200 compared with those of crosslinked natural rubber and polyethylene Gas Temperature Natur- Oppanol LDPE HDPE C rubber 1) B 200 1) Nitrogen Oxyen Carbon dioxide ) G.J. van Amerongen J. applied Physics, 1, 972 (1946). Gas Temperature Natural Oppanol LDPE HDPE 11

11 Resistance to chemicals At room temperature, Oppanol B is resistant to hydrochloric acid sulphuric acid phosphoric acid chlorosulphonic acid phenolsulphonic acid naphthalenesulphonic acid formic acid acetic acid ammonia caustic potash solution caustic soda solution dilute and concentrated aqueous caustic lime aqueous hydrosulphite copper sulphate solution potassium permanganate solution hydrogen peroxide chromic acid potassium solution At temperatures above 80 C, concentrated sulphuric acid chars Oppanol B, and concentrated nitric acid decomposes it. Oppanol B is not resistant to liquid or gaseous chlorine and bromine, and their aqueous solutions. Purity Stability Except for the stabilizer contained, Oppanol B 30 to B 100 are pure polyisobutene. The ash content is less than 100 ppm, and the bulk of the ash consists of oxides or silicates of iron, potassium, and sodium. The content of heavy metals other than iron is less than 3 ppm. Like most high polymers, high-molecular-weight polyisobutene is degraded by heat, oxygen, shear forces, and ultra-violet radiation; in other words, its average molecular weight is reduced by these agencies. Oppanol B 50, B 80 and B 100 are stabilized with ppm of 2,6-ditert-butyl-4-methylphenol, which largely prevents degradation of the material during processing. If exceptionally high stability during processing and resistance to ageing are required, we recommend further stabilization e.g. with 0.01% of Ciba-Geigy s Irganox Products intended for outdoor applications must be stabilized against the effect of ultra-violet radiation. A Brabender plastogram for Oppanol B 100 is shown in Fig. 8. It was taken at a stock temperature of 170 C, a compounder speed of 50 r.p.m., and a quantity of 40 g. 12

12 Torque Stability period Time Fig. 8 Brabender plastogram for Oppanol B 100. Material temperature 170 C; compounder speed 50 r.p.m. The time that elapses before the torque begins to decrease rapidly is known as the stability period. Under the conditions indicated here, it is at least 1 hour. Atmospheric oxygen has a decisive influence on the length of the stability period. Under the conditions indicated above, the stability period is ten times longer when the Oppanol B is processed in an atmosphere of nitrogen instead of air. Two factors decide what influence the temperature of the material will have on the stability period. On the one hand, temperatures above 170 C shorten the stability period, because the rate of degradation increases with rising temperature. On the other, at constant machine speed, the shear forces increase with sinking temperature, because lower temperatures make the material become more viscous. Consequently, Oppanol B degrades more rapidly on the roll or in a compounder when the temperature drops below 140 C. Applications Oppanol B 30 SF to B 100 are used in combination with the mediummolecular-weight types Oppanol B 10 to B 15, and if necessary also with natural rubber, for the production of adhesives for pressure-sensitive products. Permanently plastic sealants can be produced with Oppanol B 30 SF to B 100 in combination with fillers, oils, and resins. Oppanol B 30 SF, B 50 and B 50 SF are used for producing chewing gum bases. 13

13 Processing Adhesives Oppanol B 100 is used as tackifier in lubricating oils and in metall working fluids for antimisting. Oppanol B 50 as modifier in bitumen increases the application temperature of bitumen. Adhesives are produced in a solution kneader. The solvent must always be added in several separate portions. After each addition of solvent, the compound must be kneaded until it is homogeneous. Any undissolved nibs remaining in the made-up adhesive are extremely difficult to remove. Sealants Permanently plastic sealants are produced in a heavy-duty kneader. Both the particle size distribution and the chemical composition of the fillers used must be suitable for the intended application of the sealant to be produced. In developing adhesives and sealants based on Oppanol B types, the manufacturer must carry out careful trials under his own operating conditions. In the production and processing of adhesives and sealants, the compatibility of the constituents of the formulations, the adhesion to the substrate, and the interactions between the adhesive and the substrate are influenced by many different factors that we have not been able to take into consideration in our trials. Safety General Safety Data Sheet Labelling Industrial hygiene All precautions normally taken in handling chemicals, including of course all statutory regulations, must be strictly observed. When large amounts of Oppanol B 30 SF, B 50, B 80 and B 100 are being processed, efficient ventilation of the workplace must be ensured, good skin care measures must be taken and goggles must be worn. All relevant information is given in the Safety Data Sheets that we have prepared for the Oppanol types described above. According to the data available to us, Oppanol B 30 SF, B 50, B 80 and B 100 are not hazardous industrial substances in the sense of EEC Directive (including the latest amendments) and thus do not require a hazard warring label. According to the experience that we have gained over many years and other information at our disposal, Oppanol B 30 SF, B 50, B 80 and B 100 do not exert any harmful effects on health, provided that they are used properly for the purpose for which they are intended. 14

14 Food legislation The composition of Oppanol B 30 SF, B 50, B 80 and B 100 conforms to the recommendations of the German Federal Health Office on the use of polyisobutylene, hard paraffin waxes, and microcrystalline waxes.* Oppanol B 30 to B 100 conform to the recommendation of USA-FDA**. Provided that these products are used properly, German legislation*** permits their use in food-contact applications and in the production of toys. It is the responsibility of the manufacturer, however, to test the suitability of the finished product for the particular application intended. Storage When protected from light and moisture, Oppanol B 30 SF, B 50, B 80 and B 100 have a shelf life of at least one year. Note The information submitted in this publication is based on our current knowledge and experience. In view of the many factors that may affect processing and application, these data do not relieve processors of the responsibility of carrying out their own tests and experiments; neither do they imply any legally binding assurance of certain properties or of suitability for a specific purpose. It is the responsibility of those to whom we supply our products to ensure that any proprietary rights and existing laws and legislation are observed. *** Empfehlung XX, Polyisobutylene, 1 July 1984 (167. Mitteilung Bundesgesundheitsblatt 27, 289, [1984] and Empfehlung XXV, Hartparaffine, mikrokristalline Wachse, E, Zusatzstoffe, 1. April 1990 (184. Mitteilung. Bundespesundheitsblatt 33, 629 [1990]). *** 21 CFR chewing gum gase 21 CFR adhesives 21 CFR Pressure-sensitive adhesives 21 CFR resinous and polymeric watings 21 CFR components of paper and paperboard in contact with food 21 CFR Polyisobutylene polymere (only Oppanol B 100) 21 CFR Lubricants with incidental food contact *** Lebensmittel- und Bedarfsgegenständegesetz Paragraph 5 Absatz 1 No. 1 (Lebensmittelbedarfsgegenstände) and No. 5 (Spielwaren). 15

15 BASF Aktiengesellschaft Marketing Spezialchemikalien II Ludwigshafen, Germany Printed in Germany