New Methods for the. Consolidation of Metal Powders

Transcription

1 New Methods for the Consolidation of Metal Powders

2 PERSPECTIVES IN POWDER METALLURGY Fundamentals, Methods, and Applications In Preparation Volume 2 Vibratory Compacting-Principles and Methods Volume 3 Iron Powder Metallurgy Volume 4 Powder Metallurgy of Iron Alloys and Steels

3 PERSPECTIVES IN POWDER METALLURGY Fundamentals, Methods, and Applications Editors: Henry H. Hausner Adjunct Professor Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn Consulting Engineer Kempton H. Roll Executive Director Metal Powder Industries Federation Peter K. Johnson Assistant Director Metal Powder Industries Federation Volume 1 New Methods for the Consolidation of Metal Powders With an Introduction by Henry H. Hausner Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 1967

4 The editors gratefully acknowledge permission to reprint the following: Isostatic Pressing of Powdered Materials, by J. C. Jackson, Progress in Powder Metallurgy 20: (1964) (Copyright 1964 Metal Powder Industries Federation). Hydrostatic Pressing of Powders, by C. E. Van Buren and H. H. Hirsch, Powder Metallurgy, pp , Interscience (1960) (Copyright 1960 Interscience Publishers, New York). Explosive Compacting of Metal Powders, by G. Geltman, Progress in Powder Metallurgy 18: 7-13 (1962) (Copyright 1962 Metal Powder Industries Federation). Consolidating Metal Powders Magnetically, by D. J. Sandstrom, Metal Progress (Sept. 1964), pp (Copyright 1964 American Society for Metals). A New Method for Compacting Metal or Ceramic Powders into Continuous Sections, by F. Emley, Progress in Powder Metallurgy 15:5 13 (1959) (Copyright 1959 Metal Powder Industries Federation). The Mechanism of the Compaction of Metal Powders by Rolling, by P. E. Evans, Planseeberichte 7: (1959) (Copyright 1959 Metallwerk Plansee). The Compaction of Metal Powders by Rolling. I. The Properties of Strip Rolled from Copper Powders, by P. E. Evans and G. S. Smith, Powder Metallury No.3, pp and (1959) (Published by the Iron and Steel Institute and the Institute of Metals, London). The Extrusion of Metal Powders, by N. R. Gardner, A. D. Donaldson, and F. M. Yans, Progress in Powder Metallurgy 19: (1963) (Copyright 1963 Metal Powder Industries Federation). Hot Extruded Chromium Composite Powders, by R. V. Watkins, G. C. Reed, and W. L. Schalliol, Progress in Powder Metallurgy 20: (1964) (Copyright 1964 Metal Powder Industries Federation). Beryllium Powder Forging, by N. G. Orell, Beryllium, pp , University of California Press (1965) (Copyright 1965 Regents of University of California). Slip Casting Metal Powders, by H. H. Hausner, Proc. Metal Powder Industries Federation 14: (1958) (Copyright 1958 Metal Powder Industries Federation). Vibratory Compacting of Metal Powders, by J. L. Brackpool and L. A. Phelps, Powder Metallurgy No.7, pp (1964) (Published by the Iron and Steel Institute and the Institute of Metals, London). Library of Congress Catalog Card Number Springer Science+Business Media New York Originally published by Plenum Press in Sot'tcover reprint of the hardcover 1 st edition 1967 ISBN ISBN (ebook) DOI / All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form without written permission from the publisher

5 Foreword The rapid development of new methods for the compaction of powders during the last few years has resulted in new avenues in powder teclmology - especially in powder metallurgy - and new types of products have been developed with improved physical properties. These new methods for powder compaction have been described in a great number of publications, most of them printed as confer~nce papers, or in a variety of teclmical journals. Should someone want to study these new methods of powder compaction, just to compare them, or to consider them for production purposes, it would be rather difficult to find the respective references. For this reason, Plenum Press and these editors have decided to collect some of the most instructive articles describing the new methods of compaction and to issue them as chapters of this book. The first chapter of the book represents an introduction into the subject matter; it offers a discussion on compacting, a general evaluation of the new methods of compacting, discusses friction conditions during the various compacting processes, the powder characteristics and how they affect compacting. Attention is called to the effects of the method of compacting on the structure of the sintered material. The articles forming the content of the other chapters have been published previously in "Progress in Powder Metallurgy", Proceedings of Metal Powder Industries Federation Conferences (Chapters 2-1, 4, 6, 9-1, 10-II, and 13); in the British journal "Powder Metallurgy" (Chapters 8-II and 14); in "Planseeberichte fuer Pulvermetallurgie" (Chapter 7-1); in "Metal Progress" (Chapter 5); in the book "Powder Metallurgy" (New York, 1961) (Chapter 3-II); and the book "Beryllium: Its Metallurgy and Properties" (1965) (Chapter 12). Chapter 11 dealv

6 vi FOREWORD ing with the latest development in powder compaction, was written especially for this book. There have been no previous publications on this method. This book contains many facts and data, as well as a series of most stimulating ideas of interest to powder metallurgists and ceramists, and to practically everyone involved in techniques dealing with powders. It is the first volume of a new series of powder metallurgy books, each of which will deal with detailed information on a special aspect of powder technology. The editors and the publisher hope to satisfy, with this new series, the increasing demand for information about the rapidly growing fields of powder metallurgy, ceramics, and powder technology in general. Henry H. Hausner Kempton H. Roll Peter K. Johnson

7 Contents Chapter 1. Introduction The Compaction of Metal Powders Henry H. Hausner... 1 Chapter 2. Isostatic Compaction I Isostatic Pressing of Powdered Materials Harry C. Jackson Chapter 3. Isostatic Compaction II Hydrostatic Pressing of Powders Charles E. Van Buren and Harold H. Hirsch Chapter 4. Explosive Compaction Explosive Compacting of Metal Powders Gerald Geltman Chapter 5. Magnetic Compaction Consolidating Metal Powders Magnetically Donald J. Sandstrom Chapter 6. Continuous Compaction A New Method for Compacting Metal or Ceramic Powders into Continuous Sections Frank Emley and Charles Deibel Chapter 7. Powder Rolling I The Mechanism of the Compaction of Metal Powders by Rolling P. E. Evans..., Chapter 8. Powder Rolling II The Compaction of Metal Powders by Rolling P. E. Evans and G. C. Smith vii

8 viii CONTENTS Chapter 9. Extrusion of Powders I The Extrusion of Metal Powders Norman R. Gardner, Alan D. Donaldson, and Frank M. Yans Chapter 10. Extrusion of Powders II Hot-Extruded Chromium Composite Powder R. V. Watkins, G. C. Reed, and W. L. Schalliol...,... " " 181 Chapter 11. Isostatic Extrusion Hydrostatic Extrusion of Metal Powders A. Bobrowsky Chapter 12. Powder Forging Beryllium Powder Forging N. G. Orrell Chapter 13. Slip Casting Slip Casting of Metal Powders Henry H. Hausner..., Chapter 14. Vibratory Compaction Vibratory Compacting of Metal Powders J. L. Brackpool and L. A. Phelps