EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYPROPYLENE FIBRE INCORPORATED CONCRETE WITH SILICA FUME

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1 International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 7, Issue 5, September-October 2016, pp , Article ID: IJCIET_07_05_002 Available online at ISSN Print: and ISSN Online: IAEME Publication EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYPROPYLENE FIBRE INCORPORATED CONCRETE WITH SILICA FUME J.Philips Assistant Professor, Department of Civil engineering, Jeppiaar SRR Engineering College, Chennai, India R.Rashmi Mano Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Jeppiaar SRR Engineering College, Chennai, India ABSTRACT Efforts for improving the performance of concrete over the past few years suggest that cement replacement materials along with mineral & chemical admixtures can improve the strength characteristics of concrete. Mineral admixtures include fly ash, hydrated lime, silica fume and ground blast furnace slag. Many of these materials have cement-like properties, augmenting the strength and density of the finished concrete. Silica fume can be utilized to produce high strength and durable concrete composites. Polypropylene fibres help control shrinkage cracking and provide some impact resistance. The addition of Polypropylene fibre by the weight of concrete shows an increase strength property and Silica fume as cement replacement material shows early long term strength. The main of this investigation is to determine the compressive strength, tensile strength and flexural strength of M 20 grade concrete with use of polypropylene fibre and silica fume. The compressive strength is determined at 7, 14 and 28 days as well as tensile strength and flexural strength. The Concrete specimens were cured on normal moist curing under normal atmospheric temperature. The utilization of productive silica fume with polypropylene fiber will increases the strength characteristics in concrete. Key words: Compressive strength, Flexural strength, Polypropylene fibre, Silica fume, Tensile strength. Cite this Article J.Philips and R.Rashmi Mano, Experimental Investigation on Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene Fibre Incorporated Concrete with Silica Fume. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 7(5), 2016, pp INTRODUCTION Concrete is the mostly used composite construction material because of its prosperity to mould any required structural form. Large amount of industrial by-products are disposed every year by various industries. The main aims of government of various countries are to protect the globe by safe disposal of these industrial wastes and to give solution to minimize the problems of disposal and health hazards of these by-products. For many years, industrial by-products such as fly ash, silica fume and slag like ground 9 editor@iaeme.com

2 J.Philips and R.Rashmi Mano blast furnace slag, copper slag, and steel slag were disposed as waste materials. Lot of researches is going on to use these by-products as substitute for portland cement in the construction industry. Their aim is to enhance strength behavior of concrete in comparison with using portland cement alone. Moreover, byproducts are being created by various industries, which could have a promising future for partial replacement of portland cement. Silica fume, also known as micro silica, it is an amorphous (non-crystalline) polymorph of silicon dioxide, silica. It is an ultrafine powder collected as a by-product of the silicon and ferrosilicon alloy production and consists of spherical particles with an average particle diameter of 150 nm. Because of its extreme fineness and high silica content, silica fume is a very effective pozzolanic material. Silica fume is added to Portland cement concrete to improve its properties, in particular its compressive strength, bond strength, and abrasion resistance. These improvements stem from both the mechanical improvements resulting from addition of a very fine powder to the cement paste mix as well as from the pozzolanic reactions between the silica fume and free calcium hydroxide in the paste. Polypropylene is a thermoplastic. It is a linear structure based on the monomer C n H 2n. It is manufactured from propylene gas in presence of a catalyst such as titanium chloride. Beside PP is a byproduct of oil refining processes.. In general, PP fiber has excellent chemical resistance to acids and alkalis, high abrasion resistance and resistance to insects and pests. PP fiber is also easy to process and inexpensive compared to other synthetic fibers. Its low moisture absorption helps aid the quick transport of moisture. The objective of this research is to investigate the mechanical properties of concrete containing silica fume and polypropylene fibers. Silica fume content used was 0%, 10%, 15% and 20% by replacement of equal weight of cement in concrete. Polypropylene fibers were added in 0.4% by volume fraction of concrete. 2. MATERIALS The properties of materials used namely Portland Pozzalana Cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, Silica fume and Polypropylene fiber have described Portland Cement Portland cement is hydraulic cement capable of setting, hardening and remains stable under water. The cement used in this experimental investigation is PPC manufactured by India cements. The basic properties were evaluated as per Indian specifications IS and results were given in table 2.1.The following tests were conducted in accordance with IS codes Table 1 Properties of Cement 1 Type PPC 2 Specific Gravity Consistency 36 4 Initial setting time 35 minutes 5 Final setting time 420 minutes 6 Fineness 5% 10 editor@iaeme.com

3 Experimental Investigation on Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene Fibre Incorporated Concrete with Silica Fume 2.2. Fine Aggregate Fine aggregate used in this investigation is clean river sand passing through 4.75mm sieve. The fine aggregate were tested, as per Indian Specifications IS and results are given in table 2.2. Table 2 Properties of Fine Aggregate 1 Type River sand 2 Specific Gravity Fineness Modulus Grading zone Zone II 2.3. Coarse Aggregate Coarse aggregate used in this investigation is locally available crushed aggregates having maximum size of 20mm. The coarse aggregate were tested, as per Indian Specifications IS and results are given in table 2.3 Table 3 Properties of Coarse Aggregate 1 Type Crushed 2 Specific Gravity Fineness Modulus Silica Fume Silica fume (Grade 920 D) used was confirming to ASTM-C ( ) and was supplied by ELKEM INDUSTRIES was named Elkem micro silica 920 D. The properties of silica fume are given in table 2.4 Table 4 Properties of Silica Fume 1 Type Powdered form 2 Specific Gravity Size (Micron) editor@iaeme.com

4 2.5. Water For the investigation, potable water was used. J.Philips and R.Rashmi Mano 2.6. Polypropylene Fibre The properties of polypropylene fibre are given in table 2.5 Table 5 Properties of Silica Fume Sl.No Specifications Values 1 Product Synthetic fiber Polypropylene grade 2 Length Graded 10mm to 20 mm 3 Specific Gravity Thickness u 2.7. Admixture Ceraplast300 is a high-grade super plasticizer based on naphthalene, highly recommended for increased workability and highly early and ultimate strengths of concrete. The properties of ceraplast 300 Conforms to ASTM C type F and IS are given in table 2.6 Table 6 Properties of Ceraplast Type Liquid 2 Specific Gravity 1.2 ± Colour Brown 4 Chloride content Nil 3. MIX DESIGN The following mix proportions were prepared as per IS for M 20 concrete with partial replacement of cement as silica fume and also including polypropylene fibre. The various proportions of silica fume incorporated concrete are shown in table 3.1. Table7 Mix Proportions Mix Cement (kg) Water (lit) FA (kg) CA (kg) SF (kg) PPF (kg) Admixture(lit) CONTROL % SF % SF % SF FA- Fine Aggregate, CA- Coarse Aggregate, SF-Silica Fume, PPF-Polypropylene fibre 12 editor@iaeme.com

5 Experimental Investigation on Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene Fibre Incorporated Concrete with Silica Fume 4. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE AND RESULTS 4.1. Compressive Strength of Concrete Figure 1 Testing of Cubes A total number of 36 cubes of size 150mm 150mm 150mm cast and stored in a place at a temperature of 27 C for 24 hours and then the demould specimens were water cured for 28 days. After 28 days curing, the specimens were taken out and allowed to dry for one day. The surfaces of the cubes were cleaned, weighed and the test was carried out conforming to IS to obtain compressive strength of concrete at the age of 3, 7 and 28 days. The cubes were tested using Compression Testing Machine (CTM) of capacity 2000kN. The results are presented in table 4.1. Table 8 Comparison Result of Compressive Strength Proportions 7 days (N/mm 2 ) 14 days (N/mm 2 ) 28 days (N/mm 2 ) CONTROL % SF % SF % SF Compressive strength Comparison of compressive strength of cubes CONTROL 10% SF 15% SF 20% SF 7 DAYS MPa DAYS MPa DAYS MPa Figure 2 Graphical Representation of Compressive Strength 13 editor@iaeme.com

6 J.Philips and R.Rashmi Mano 4.2. Split Tensile Strength of Concrete Figure 3 Testing of Cylinders A total number of 36 cylinders of size 150mm dia & 300mm height cast and stored in a place at a temperature of 27 C for 24 hours and then the demould specimens were water cured for 28 days. After 28 days curing, the specimens were taken out and allowed to dry for one day. The surfaces of the cylinders were cleaned, weighed and the test was carried out conforming to IS to obtain split tensile strength of concrete at the age of 3, 7 and 28 days. The cubes were tested using Compression Testing Machine (CTM) of capacity 2000kN. The results are presented in table 4.2. Table 9 Comparison Result of Split Tensile Strength Proportions 7 days (N/mm 2 ) 14 days (N/mm 2 ) 28 days (N/mm 2 ) 0% % % % Tensile strength Comparison of tensile strength of cylinders % 10% 15% 20% 7 DAYS MPa DAYS MPa DAYS MPa Figure 4 Graphical Representation of Tensile Strength 14 editor@iaeme.com

7 Experimental Investigation on Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene Fibre Incorporated Concrete with Silica Fume 4.3. Flexural Strength of Concrete Figure 5 Testing of Beams A total number of 36 beams of size 100 mm x 100mm x 500mm cast and stored in a place at a temperature of 27 C for 24 hours and then the demould specimens were water cured for 28 days. After 28 days curing, the specimens were taken out and allowed to dry for one day. The surfaces of the beams were cleaned, weighed and the test was carried out conforming to IS to obtain compressive strength of concrete at the age of 3, 7 and 28 days. The cubes were tested using Universal Testing Machine (UTM). The results are presented in table 4.3. Table 10 Comparison Result Flexural Strength Proportions 7 days (N/mm 2 ) 14 days (N/mm 2 ) 28 days (N/mm 2 ) 0% % % % Comparison of flexural strength of beam Flexural strength % 10% 15% 20% 7 DAYS MPa DAYS MPa DAYS MPa Figure 6 Graphical Representation of Flexural Strength 15 editor@iaeme.com

8 J.Philips and R.Rashmi Mano 5. CONCLUSION In the present work an attempt was made to study the effectiveness of strength behavior of concrete incorporated with polypropylene fiber and partial replacement of cement with silica fume. The efficiency of the silica fume and fiber admixed concrete was compared with controlled concrete. Based on the works carried out, the followings conclusion have been made, from this investigation, the preliminary properties of cement and silica fume were studied. From this study, Mix design for M 20 grade concrete was prepared. From the trial design mix, the selected cement content and water cement ratio are 300kg/m 3 and 0.5.The compressive strength of cube at 28 days is 16 N/mm 2.The utilization of productive silica fume with polypropylene fiber will increases the strength characteristics in concrete. Concrete containing silica fume showing outstanding characteristics in development of strength. Increment in Strength of 25% (10% silica fume proportion) can be easily achieved compared to normal concrete. If silica fume is used as an addition, there is no deleterious effect on early strength and it is noticeable strength increase on following moist curing periods of 7, 21 and 28 days. Silica fume is backbone of high performance of concrete due to early high strength properties. Polypropylene fibre is used to increase bonding and tensile strength of concrete. It also used as to avoid the minor cracking. REFERENCES [1] IS: Specifications for Coarse and Fine Aggregates from Natural Sources for Concrete. Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi. [2] IS: Plain and Reinforced Concrete. Code of Practice. Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi [3] IS: Specifications for method of test for strength of Concrete. Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi. [4] IS: Specifications for method of test for split tensile strength of Concrete. Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi. [5] Rahul Dogra and Ankit, Effect of Silica Fume on Various Properties of Fibre Reinforced Concrete. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), 7(4), 2016, pp [6] IS: Concrete Mix Design. Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi [7] Roohollah Bagherzadeh, Ph.D, Hamid Reza Pakravan, Abdol-Hossein Sadeghi, Masoud Latifi, Ali Akbar Merati An Investigation on Adding Polypropylene Fibers to Reinforce Lightweight Cement Composites (LWC) [8] Slamet Widodo Fresh and hardened properties of Polypropylene fiber added Self-Consolidating Concrete International Journal Of Civil And Structural Engineering Volume 3, No 1, 2012 [9] Ananthayya M.B. and Prema Kumar W. P, Influence of Steel Fibers and Partial Replacement of Sand By Iron Ore Tailings on the Compressive and Splitting Tensile Strength of Concrete. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), 5(3), 2016, pp [10] Sadrmomtazi and A. Fasihi Influence Of Polypropylene Fibers On The Performance Of Nano-Sio2- Incorporated Mortar Iranian Journal Of Science & Technology, Transaction B: Engineering, Vol. 34, No. B4, Pp editor@iaeme.com