European Steel in Figures covering

Transcription

1 European Steel in Figures 218 covering

2 follow us on

3 FOREWORD 3 EUROPEAN STEEL IN FIGURES 218 Welcome to the tenth edition of the European Steel Association s (EUROFER) European Steel in Figures guide. To celebrate this statistical guide s first decade, we have refreshed the format and content to give new life to the data within. We hope you find this publication an insightful look into the size and shape of the modern European steel industry. European Steel in Figures 218 shows a sector getting back onto a more stable footing, with employment and production levels stable or rising. Imports stalled slightly in 217 after years of relentless growth, and the expansion of steel-using sectors continued. Fresh research, included in this guide, has shown quite the extent of the employment and economic footprint of the European steel sector. Counting direct, indirect and induced employment, we find that there are as many as 2.5 million people that work in and around the industry, equivalent to slightly more than twice the population of Brussels. The multiplier effect of the 32, direct jobs in the sector is 7.7 times an outsize impact. The Gross Value Added (GVA) of the European steel industry is also upwards of 128 billion if direct, indirect and induced effects are factored in. More specifically, European steel industry GVA per worker is around 11% above the average for the overall EU economy, and some 7% higher than that of the wider EU manufacturing sector. In part, this reflects the fairly capital-intensive nature of the industry, which spends 3.9 billion per year on new machinery and building work. The steel sector s total value of turnover sales, in other words is over 123 billion, six times the industry s direct GVA, larger than comparable manufacturing industries. The overall market situation of the steel sector is relatively positive. Apparent consumption was up 1.3% in 217 to 159 million tonnes of apparent consumption. Indexed steel use in construction was up by 4.8%, in automotive by 3.7%, in mechanical engineering by 6% and by just over 7% in tubes. Imports of all products, including semi-finished products, accounted for a 22% share of the market, despite an almost 2% fall over the year. Excluding semi-finished, import levels remained level at an all-time record high with exports from the EU continuing the decline that began in 214. The net trade balance continued to reverse in favour of imports, with the EU a net importer of steel. All these statistics help give an overview of the European steel industry today. Awareness of the employment, production, demand and trade challenges that face the sector ensure a greater understanding of our strategically important sector. With this in mind, I hope you enjoy using European Steel in Figures 218. May 218 Axel Eggert Director General The European Steel Association (EUROFER)

4 4 ABOUT ABOUT THE EUROPEAN STEEL INDUSTRY The European steel industry is a world leader in innovation and environmental sustainability. It directly employs 32 thousand highly-skilled people and through indirect and induced effects supports the jobs of up to 2.2 million more. The sector produces on average 17 million tonnes of steel per year at more than 5 steel production sites across 24 EU member states. Closely integrated with Europe s manufacturing and construction industries, steel is the backbone for development, growth and employment in Europe. Steel is the most versatile industrial material in the world. The thousands of different grades and types of steel developed by the industry make the modern world possible. Steel is 1% recyclable and therefore is a fundamental part of the circular economy. As a basic engineering material, steel is also an essential factor in the development and deployment of innovative, CO 2 -mitigating technologies, improving resource efficiency and fostering sustainable development in Europe. ABOUT EUROFER The European Steel Association (EUROFER) represents almost 1% of EU steel production. Founded in 1976, EUROFER s headquarters is located in Brussels. It is the voice of the European steel industry to policy makers, civil society and relevant stakeholders. EUROFER s members are steel companies and national steel federations based throughout the EU. The national steel federations and major steel companies of Switzerland and Turkey are also associate members. ABOUT THE EUROPEAN STEEL IN FIGURES 218 GUIDE Disclaimer The European Steel in Figures guide is the European Steel Association s (EUROFER) annual statistical publication, which is created and issued free of charge. Now in its 1th edition, this publication gives an overview of the key statistical trends in the sector. The statistics presented here are for information only. EUROFER has endeavoured to replicate data as accurately as possible and to attribute sources correctly. EUROFER is not responsible for any mistakes or errors in the presentation of the information, nor in the underlying data used in its creation. EUROFER is not liable, and cannot be held responsible in anyway, for analyses or decisions based upon the data held within this publication. All rights reserved 218 EUROFER AISBL

5 EMPLOYMENT & ECONOMIC IMPACT PRODUCTION STEEL USE & MARKET SUPPLY INTERNATIONAL TRADE STAINLESS & SPECIALTY STEELS SUSTAINABILITY

6 follow us on

7 EMPLOMENT & ECONOMIC IMPACT EMPLOYMENT & GVA IN THE EU STEEL INDUSTRY Direct, indirect & induced employment & GVA in the EU steel industry 7 EMPLOYMENT GRAPHIC 217 The EU steel industry supports nearly 2.5 million jobs Induced 677, 27.4% Source: Oxford Economics GROSS VALUE ADDED GRAPHIC 217 Source: Oxford Economics The EU steel industry creates around 128 billion of Gross Value Added Induced 35.5 bn 27.8% Indirect 1,471, 59.6% Indirect 71.4 bn 56% Direct 32, 13% Direct 2.7 bn 16.2% 'Type I' multiplier 'Type II' multiplier Multiplier for GVA Multiplier for jobs The type I multiplier is the ratio of direct plus indirect activity to direct activity. The type II multiplier is the ratio of total activity to direct activity.

8 8 EMPLOMENT & ECONOMIC IMPACT DIRECT EMPLOYMENT IN THE EU STEEL INDUSTRY: BY COUNTRY Employment by absolute numbers EMPLOYMENT PER COUNTRY IN DESCENDING ORDER TABLE 217 Country 217 % share of EU28 Germany 84, % Italy 33, % Poland 23,3 7.1% Romania 22,35 6.8% France 21,8 6.7% Spain 17, % Czech Republic 17, 5.2% United Kingdom 16, % Sweden 15,5 4.7% Austria 14, % Slovakia 1, % Belgium 1, % Netherlands 9, % Finland 7, % Hungary 5, % Luxembourg 4,85 1.5% Slovenia 4, % Bulgaria 4,2 1.3% Greece 1,41.4% Portugal 1,.3% Denmark 393.1% Croatia 19.1% Estonia 6 % EU ,71 1% EMPLOYMENT PER COUNTRY MAP , 6

9 EMPLOMENT & ECONOMIC IMPACT DIRECT EMPLOYMENT IN THE EU STEEL INDUSTRY: BY COUNTRY Employment by absolute numbers 9 EMPLOYMENT: EVOLUTION GRAPH , 45,578 45, 38, +.2% 369,267 38, 355, 33, 35, % 368, % 365, % 348, % 338, % 331, % 326, % 323, % 327, , 33, 35, EMPLOYMENT: BY COUNTRY CHART 217 There are around 32, direct jobs across the EU 1, 8, 84,931 1, 8, 6, 4, 2, Germany 33,668 Italy 23,3 Poland 22,35 Romania 21,8 France 17,922 17, 16,115 Spain Czech Republic United Kingdom 15,5 Sweden 14,489 Austria 1,727 Slovakia 1,669 9,242 Belgium Netherlands 7,987 Finland 5,673 4,85 Hungary Luxembourg 4,297 Slovenia 4,2 Bulgaria 1,41 Greece 1, Portugal 393 Denmark 19 Croatia 6 Estonia 6, 4, 2,

10 1 EMPLOMENT & ECONOMIC IMPACT TOTAL VALUE OF TURNOVER: COMPARISON Value added in, VALUE OF STEEL PRODUCTION COMPARED WITH OTHER EU INDUSTRIES CHART 217 Aerospace equipment (3.3) Dairy products (1.5) 13 Basic iron & steel (24.1) Wood and wood products (16) 12.5 Clothing and leather (14-15) Building materials ( ) Bakery products (1.7) Furniture (31) 1 Waste activities ( ) 98.9 Computer equipment (26.2)

11 EMPLOYMENT & ECONOMIC IMPACT PRODUCTION STEEL USE & MARKET SUPPLY INTERNATIONAL TRADE STAINLESS & SPECIALTY STEELS SUSTAINABILITY

12 follow us on

13 PRODUCTION CRUDE STEEL PRODUCTION PER REGION: WORLD All qualities in, metric tonnes 13 REGIONS IN DESCENDING ORDER OF CRUDE STEEL PRODUCTION TABLE 217 Region 217 % share Asia 1, % of which China % of which Japan % Europe % of which European Union % of which CIS % North America % of which United States % South America % Middle East % Africa 15..9% Australia/New Zealand 6.4% World 1, % Source: worldsteel STEEL-PRODUCING REGIONS BY RELATIVE SIZE OF CRUDE STEEL PRODUCTION MAP 217 Source: worldsteel

14 14 PRODUCTION CRUDE STEEL PRODUCTION PER COUNTRY: EU All qualities in metric tonnes EU COUNTRIES IN DESCENDING ORDER OF CRUDE STEEL PRODUCTION TABLE 217 EU COUNTRIES SHOWN BY RELATIVE SIZE OF CRUDE STEEL PRODUCTION MAP 217 Country 217 % share Germany 43,91 26% 44, Italy 24, % France 15,56 9.2% Spain 14, % Poland 1, % Austria 8, % Belgium 7, % United Kingdom 7, % Netherlands 6,781 4% Slovakia 4,98 2.9% Sweden 4, % Czech Republic 4, % Finland 4,3 2.4% Romania 3,361 2% Luxembourg 2, % Hungary 1,91 1.1% Greece 1,359.8% Slovenia 673.4% Bulgaria 652.4% Others 2,56 1.2% 652 EU %

15 PRODUCTION CRUDE STEEL PRODUCTION PER COUNTRY: EU All qualities in metric tonnes 15 PRODUCTION SHARE PER COUNTRY CHART % GERMANY CRUDE STEEL OUTPUT PER COUNTRY TABLE Country % share 217 Austria % Belgium % Bulgaria % Croatia % % ITALY Czech Republic % Finland % France % 169 million tonnes 1% % FRANCE % SPAIN % POLAND Germany % Greece % Hungary % Italy % Luxembourg % Netherlands % % LUXEMBOURG % HUNGARY % GREECE 652.4% BULGARIA 673.4% SLOVENIA % OTHERS % AUSTRIA % BELGIUM % UNITED KINGDOM % NETHERLANDS % SLOVAKIA % CZECH REPUBLIC % SWEDEN % FINLAND % ROMANIA Poland % Romania % Slovakia % Slovenia % Spain % Sweden % United Kingdom % Others % EU %

16 16 PRODUCTION EU CRUDE STEEL PRODUCTION: BY PROCESS All qualities in metric tonnes EU CRUDE STEEL OUTPUT BY PRODUCTION ROUTE TABLE, CHART Process % shares 217 Basic Oxygen Furnace and other 115,828 78,243 11,79 12,371 98,487 1,123 13,52 1,624 97,664 1, % Electric 82,724 61,15 7,993 75,24 7,27 66,69 66,74 65,418 64,378 68, % Total Crude Steel 198, , , , , , , ,42 161, ,992 1% Basic Oxygen Furnace and other Electric 2, 2, 41.7% 15, 41.1% 42.4% 41.6% 39.8% 39.1% 39.4% 39.7% 4.8% 15, 43.9% 1, 58.3% 1, 58.9% 57.6% 58.4% 6.2% 6.9% 6.6% 6.3% 59.2% 5, 56.1% 5,

17 PRODUCTION EU CRUDE STEEL PRODUCTION: BY QUALITY All qualities in metric tonnes 17 EU CRUDE STEEL OUTPUT BY QUALITY TABLE, CHART Process % shares 217 Carbon steel non alloy 16,58 116, , , , , ,5 132, , , % Carbon steel other alloy 3,25 17,226 26,886 28,769 25,566 24,753 25,385 26,245 26,42 29, % Stainless steel 7,838 5,986 7,497 7,559 7,461 7,142 7,242 7,168 7,281 7, % Total Crude Steel 198, , , , , , , ,42 161, ,992 1% Carbon steel non alloy Carbon steel other alloy Stainless steel 2, 3.9% 2, 15, 15.2% 8.9% 4.3% 12.4% 4.3% 15.6% 4.3% 16.2% 4.4% 4.3% 4.3% 4.3% 15.1% 14.9% 15% 15.8% 4.5% 16.3% 4.4% 17.2% 15, 1, 83.3% 8.1% 79.5% 8.5% 8.8% 8.7% 79.9% 79.2% 78.4% 1, 5, 5,

18 18 PRODUCTION EU FINISHED STEEL PRODUCTION: BY PRODUCT CATEGORY All qualities in metric tonnes EU TOTAL FINISHED STEEL PRODUCTION BY PRODUCT TABLE Total Hot Rolled 178, , , , ,663 15, ,338 15,991 15,44 153,857 of which flat products 14,332 73,664 94,967 97,86 92,62 92,836 94,336 92,437 92,2 94,89 Quarto Plate 16,117 1,23 12,143 13,175 12,35 11,21 11,551 1,936 1,573 1,953 Hot Rolled Wide Strip 86,221 62,34 81,164 82,151 78,729 8,358 81,281 8,24 79,941 82,73 Other flat products 1,994 1,94 1,66 1,76 1,523 1,457 1,54 1,477 1,686 1,783 of which long products 73,826 55,957 61,55 64,43 6,61 57,66 58,3 58,554 58,24 59,48 Wire Rod 22,869 18,91 21,519 22,452 2,652 2,138 2,159 2,825 2,451 21,221 Rebars 2,741 17,133 14,724 15,37 14,644 13,172 13,2 12,763 13,191 12,487 Note: Downstream processing converts some HRWS into CRF, and some CRF into Hot Dipped and some Hot Dipped into Organic Coated. Downstream processing uses both domestic and imported steel. Production totals may thus not add up precisely. Merchant Bars 16,161 9,344 12,945 14,568 12,447 12,562 13,58 12,774 12,319 12,93 Heavy Sections 1,529 7,729 9,55 9,335 9,3 8,584 8,59 8,894 9,41 9,65 Other long products 3,526 2,841 3,262 3,38 3,18 3,24 3,176 3,298 2,842 2,85 Products obtained from upstream production - from Hot Rolled Wide Strip 217 Cold Rolled Flat 45,195 35,144 45,369 44,472 42,422 43,931 44,649 44,78 45,164 45,927 Hot Dipped 24,797 19,445 24,149 24,85 23,985 25,9 26,786 27,299 27,362 28,6 Organic Coated 4,934 3,723 4,339 4,346 4,318 4,479 4,564 4,574 4,863 4,941 COLD ROLLED FLAT 45,927 HOT ROLLED WIDE STRIP 82,73 QUARTO PLATE 1,953 Other flat products 1,783 FLAT 94,89 TOTAL 153,857 HOT DIPPED METAL COATED 28,6 WIRE ROD 21,221 REBARS 12,487 MERCHANT BARS 12,93 ORGANIC COATED 4,941 HEAVY SECTIONS 9,65 Other long products 2,85 LONG 59,48 Design by EUROFER with special thanks to worldsteel for permission to reproduce their graphic elements.

19 PRODUCTION EU FINISHED STEEL PRODUCTION: BY PRODUCT CATEGORY All qualities in metric tonnes 19 EU TOTAL FINISHED STEEL PRODUCTION CHART Quarto Plate Hot Rolled Wide Strip Cold Rolled Flat Hot Dipped Metal Coated Organic Coated Other flat products Wire Rod Rebars Merchant Bars Heavy Sections Other long products 3, 3, 25, 25, 2, 2, 15, 15, 1, 1, 5, 5,

20 2 PRODUCTION STEEL PRODUCTION IN THE EU: PRODUCTION SITES STEEL INDUSTRY PRODUCTION SITES IN THE EU MAP 217 Steel is produced across the EU using both primary & secondary processess. This map shows these sites, as well as the location of processing operations.

21 EMPLOYMENT & ECONOMIC IMPACT PRODUCTION STEEL USE & MARKET SUPPLY INTERNATIONAL TRADE STAINLESS & SPECIALTY STEELS SUSTAINABILITY

22 follow us on

23 STEEL USE & MARKET SUPPLY CONSUMPTION: REAL & APPARENT STEEL CONSUMPTION All qualities in metric tonnes 23 REAL VS APPARENT CONSUMPTION GRAPH , 2, 2, 186,252 Real Consumption Apparent Consumption 2, 186,252 Real Consumption Apparent Consumption 159,612 18, , , , , ,96 151,68 159,612 18, , , , ,624 15, 148, , ,96 151,68 158,616 15, 154,44 153, , ,776 15, 145,932 14, , , ,616 15, 154,44 14,76 153, ,932 14, , , ,32 14,76 1, 1, 121, ROUTES TO MARKET OR FINAL USE OF STEEL PRODUCTS EU steel mills 29 EU domestic deliveries 21 Steel used in the EU is a mix of domestic production & imports from third countries MARKET SUPPLY Apparent steel consumption / Steel demand Inventory change Steel distribution stocks (Stockists, traders, SSCs) 1, 1, DIAGRAM 3 rd country steel suppliers EU 3 rd country imports FINAL USE Real steel consumption Steel users stocks

24 24 STEEL USE & MARKET SUPPLY CONSUMPTION: BY SECTOR OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITY All qualities in monthly metric tonnes STEEL CONSUMPTION PER STEEL-USING SECTOR CHART 216, 217 Activity in EU steel-using sectors grew in 217 % share of total finished steel demand per sector Construction 4, % 4, % Automotive 2, % 2, % Mechanical Engineering 1, % 1, % Metalware 1, % 1, % Tubes 1, % 1,367 11% Domestic aplliances % % Other Transport % 273 2% Miscellaneous % % 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, Note: Consumption by steel-using sector is calculcated using the Steel-Weighted Industrial Production (SWIP) index, which is used to estimate changes in production activity in these sectors.

25 STEEL USE & MARKET SUPPLY STOCK CHANGE All qualities in metric tonnes 25 STOCK CHANGE TABLE Changes in stock levels explain the difference between real & apparent steel consumption st quarter 4,734-3,93 3,492 4,77 2,13 2,244 3,21 3,36 3,78 2,97 2 nd quarter 4,179-5,73 1,644 3, ,83 1, rd quarter 1,23-3, ,847-1, ,35 4 th quarter -4,71-2,472-1,755-3,996-4,8-2,388-3,882-3,66-1,32-2,628 5, 1 st quarter 2 nd quarter 3 rd quarter 4 th quarter 5, 4, 4, 3, 3, 2, 2, 1, 1, -1, -1, -2, -2, -3, -3, -4, -4, -5, -5, -6, -6, Consumption by steel-using sectors is calculcated using the Steel-Weighted Industrial Production (SWIP) index, which is used to estimate changes in economic activity.

26 26 STEEL USE & MARKET SUPPLY SPECIFIC FLAT PRODUCT DELIVERIES: STRIP MILL & QUARTO PLATE Non-alloy and other alloy steels Average EU STRIP MILL PRODUCT DELIVERIES GRAPHIC 213/217 Strip mill products are flat products used in a variety of downstream applications. EU QUARTO PLATE DELIVERIES GRAPHIC 213/217 Quarto plate is a thicker type of flat steel used in heavy applications 1.5% End-Users SSCs Merchants 22.2% 34.7% 57.5 million tonnes per year, on average 54.8% 8.3 million tonnes per year, on average 54.8% 23% of which of which Automotive Construction Tubes Metal Goods Others Non Electr. Electrical Shipbuilding 43.3% 25.3% 17.1% 6.5% 3.2% 2.5% 2.1% % Construction Tubes Non Electr. Others Shipbuilding Metal Goods Electrical Automotive 34.2% 23.3% 12.6% 1.2% 9.3% 4.4% 3.6% 2.4%

27 STEEL USE & MARKET SUPPLY MARKET SUPPLY: TOTAL FLAT PRODUCTS Non-alloy and other alloy steels in metric tonnes 27 TOTAL FLAT PRODUCTS TABLE % shares 217 European Deliveries 84,664 57,752 73,48 75,617 71,759 72,244 73,32 73,744 74,59 74, % Imports, third countries 17,381 8,661 11,57 14,213 9,71 1,75 12,43 15,818 17,797 17, % Market Supply 12,45 66,413 84,15 89,83 81,46 82,949 85,345 89,562 92,387 92,493 1% TOTAL FLAT PRODUCTS CHART European Deliveries Imports, third countries 12, 12, 1, 1, 17% 8, 13.1% 15.8% 11.9% 12.9% 14.1% 17.7% 19.3% 19.2% 8, 83% 6, 13% 86.9% 84.2% 88.1% 87.1% 85.9% 82.3% 8.7% 8.8% 6, 4, 87% 4, 2, 2,

28 28 STEEL USE & MARKET SUPPLY MARKET SUPPLY: HOT ROLLED FLAT & COLD ROLLED SHEET Non-alloy and other alloy steels in metric tonnes HOT ROLLED FLAT PRODUCTS CHART , 4, 3, 19.6% 16.8% 17.9% 12.7% 13.4% 13.7% 19.5% 21.8% 18.2% 3, 2, 8.4% 14.8% 83.2% 82.1% 87.3% 86.6% 86.3% 8.5% 78.2% 81.8% 2, 1, 85.2% 1, COLD ROLLED SHEETS CHART , 15, 12, 9, 6, 3, 19.2% 8.8% 15.1% 84.9% 12.6% 18.7% 87.4% 81.3% 14% 18.7% 19.6% 26.7% 2.3% 24.5% 86% 81.3% 8.4% 73.3% 79.7% 75.5% 12, 9, 6, 3, European Deliveries Imports, third countries

29 STEEL USE & MARKET SUPPLY MARKET SUPPLY: COATED SHEETS & QUARTO PLATE Non-alloy and other alloy steels in metric tonnes 29 TOTAL COATED SHEETS CHART , 35, 28, 21, 14, 13.4% 86.6% 1.1% 89.9% 9.9% 12.3% 9.1% 87.7% 9% 9.2% 1.1% 91% 9.8% 89.9% 1.8% 89.2% 14.3% 17.6% 85.7% 82.4% 28, 21, 14, 7, 7, QUARTO PLATE CHART % 81.7% 13.2% 86.8% 11.5% 88.5% 15.1% 84.9% 12.9% 87.1% 13.7% 18.5% 22.9% 24.8% 22.3% 86.3% 81.5% 77.1% 75.2% 77.7% European Deliveries Imports, third countries

30 3 STEEL USE & MARKET SUPPLY MARKET SUPPLY: TOTAL LONG PRODUCTS Non-alloy and other alloy steels in metric tonnes TOTAL LONG PRODUCTS TABLE % shares 217 European Deliveries 62,997 45,25 5,14 51,698 46,584 44,614 45,827 45,886 47,14 49, % Imports, third countries 6,261 2,825 2,83 3,297 2,738 3,144 4,146 4,993 5,525 5, % Market Supply 69,258 48,3 52,844 54,995 49,322 47,758 49,973 5,879 52,539 54,5 1% TOTAL LONG PRODUCTS CHART European Deliveries Imports, third countries 8, 8, 7, 7, 9% 6, 6, 5, 91% 5.9% 5.4% 6% 5.6% 6.6% 8.3% 9.8% 1.5% 9.9% 5, 4, 3, 94.1% 94.6% 94% 94.4% 93.4% 91.7% 9.2% 89.5% 9.1% 4, 3, 2, 2, 1, 1,

31 STEEL USE & MARKET SUPPLY MARKET SUPPLY: BEAMS & REBAR Non-alloy and other alloy steels in metric tonnes 31 BEAMS CHART , 1, 8, 6, 4, 12% 88% 4.9% 95.1% 2.6% 2.4% 97.4% 97.6% 2.3% 97.7% 3.7% 96.3% 4.3% 4.2% 95.7% 95.8% 5.5% 3.6% 94.5% 96.4% 8, 6, 4, 2, 2, REBAR, INCLUDING DEFORMED RODS CHART , 25, 2, 15, 1, 5, 7.5% 92.5% 5.6% 94.4% 5.3% 5.4% 94.7% 94.6% 5.9% 94.1% 1.1% 7% 13.8% 12.7% 11.7% 88.3% 87.3% 93% 89.9% 86.2% 2, 15, 1, 5, European Deliveries Imports, third countries

32 32 STEEL USE & MARKET SUPPLY MARKET SUPPLY: WIRE ROD & MERCHANT BAR Non-alloy and other alloy steels in metric tonnes WIRE ROD, EXCLUDING DEFORMED RODS CHART , 2, 15, 1, 9.2% 9.8% 6.8% 93.2% 6.5% 93.5% 6.1% 93.9% 5.8% 7.1% 8.1% 1% 11.5% 11.5% 94.2% 92.9% 91.9% 9% 88.5% 88.5% 15, 1, 5, 5, MERCHANT BARS CHART , 2, 15, 1, 5, 1.2% 89.8% 6.5% 93.5% 6% 94% 8.8% 91.2% 7.2% 7.8% 9.9% 9.8% 11.1% 92.8% 92.2% 9.1% 9.2% 88.9% 1.2% 89.8% 15, 1, 5, European Deliveries Imports, third countries

33 EMPLOYMENT & ECONOMIC IMPACT PRODUCTION STEEL USE & MARKET SUPPLY INTERNATIONAL TRADE STAINLESS & SPECIALTY STEELS SUSTAINABILITY

34 follow us on

35 INTERNATIONAL TRADE IMPORTS INTO THE EU: TOTAL All qualities in metric tonnes 35 TOTAL IMPORTS INTO THE EU TABLE , data presented here correct as retrieved and processed in April % shares 217 Flat products 19,381 1,11 12,945 16,426 11,5 12,563 14,475 18,675 2,561 2, % Long products 6,335 2,875 2,928 3,434 2,827 3,244 4,277 5,11 5,637 5, % Finished products 25,717 12,886 15,872 19,86 13,833 15,87 18,753 23,776 26,198 26,115 1% TOTAL IMPORTS INTO THE EU CHART Flat products Long products 3, 3, 25, 25, 24.6% 21.5% 21.1% 2, 21.5% 2, 17.3% 15, 75.4% 18.4% 2.5% 22.8% 78.5% 78.5% 78.9% 15, 1, 22.3% 82.7% 2.4% 77.2% 1, 81.6% 79.5% 5, 77.7% 79.6% 5,

36 36 INTERNATIONAL TRADE IMPORTS INTO THE EU: FLAT PRODUCTS All qualities in metric tonnes FLAT PRODUCT IMPORTS INTO THE EU BY PRODUCT CHART Hot Rolled Wide Strip Quarto Plate Cold Rolled Flat Hot Dipped Metal Coated Organic Coated Other flat products 25, 25, 2, 9.3% 8.3% 2, 11.1% 9.4% 3.6% 4.5% 5.8% 3.3% 18.5% 15, 15.2% 12.3% 7.6% 12.8% 13.7% 23.7% 15, 1, 5, 14.9% 14.7% 38.3% 14.6% 7% 14.3% 15.7% 12.4% 36% 12.9% 7.1% 13.4% 14.5% 9.4% 42.7% 13.4% 15.8% 11.5% 39.4% 14.6% 7.9% 12.9% 16.8% 13.4% 34.4% 13.2% 5.4% 13.6% 2.3% 11.6% 35.9% 5% 14% 2.3% 13.8% 34.1% 19.1% 13.9% 4.6% 13.9% 13.8% 4.9% 16.8% 12.4% 34.3% 1, 5,

37 INTERNATIONAL TRADE IMPORTS INTO THE EU: LONG PRODUCTS All qualities in metric tonnes 37 LONG PRODUCT IMPORTS INTO THE EU BY PRODUCT CHART Wire Rod Rebars Merchant Bars Heavy Sections Other long products 8, 8, 7, 7, 1.4% 6, 6, 5, 4, 18.2% 25.3% 1% 6.5%.8% 5.3% 24.5%.9% 6.9% 25.8% 1.9% 4.8% 26.1% 5, 4, 3, 2, 26.7% 1.8% 1.9% 5.8% 1.1% 25% 19.7% 2.2% 4.7% 35.9% 1.2% 5.3% 31.3%.8% 6.9% 3.1% 3.2% 3.6% 36.6% 31.8% 31% 3, 2, 1, 28.4% 33.5% 34.9% 28.1% 23.7% 39.2% 33.5% 27.3% 34.9% 25.6% 36.6% 31.7% 32.8% 34.6% 36.2% 1,

38 38 INTERNATIONAL TRADE IMPORTS: TOP 1 COUNTRIES OF ORIGIN All qualities in metric tonnes TOP 1 IMPORTS OF ALL PRODUCTS RANKED BY COUNTRY OF ORIGIN TABLE , data presented here correct as retrieved and processed in May 218 Countries ranked according to their 217 order India 1, , ,215 1,517 1,155 1,912 3,753 Turkey 2,423 1,544 1,112 2,11 1,8 1,824 1,479 1,467 2,275 3,742 China 6,561 1,241 3,155 4,174 2,719 3,13 4,57 6,899 5,668 3,441 South Korea 1,765 1,213 1,18 1,41 1,23 1,391 1,519 2,21 2,726 3,131 Russian Federation 2,873 1,863 2,489 2,141 2,456 2,76 2,765 3,49 3,551 2,44 Ukraine 1,637 1,453 2,125 2,87 1,84 2,5 2,278 2,531 3,72 2,29 Taiwan ,231 Brazil ,64 95 Serbia 1, , Switzerland Others 5,78 2,88 2,849 3,268 2,19 2,26 2,94 3,629 3,881 3,876 Total 25,685 12,865 15,799 19,848 13,782 15,784 18,743 23,72 26,111 26,111

39 INTERNATIONAL TRADE IMPORTS: TOP 1 COUNTRIES OF ORIGIN BY PRODUCT CATEGORY All qualities in metric tonnes 39 TOP 1 FLAT PRODUCTS IMPORTS CHART 217 TOP 1 LONG PRODUCT IMPORTS CHART 217 3,675 18% INDIA 1,247 23% TURKEY 2,99 15% SOUTH KOREA % RUSSIA 2,941 14% CHINA 561 1% SWITZERLAND 2.5 million tonnes 1% 2,494 12% TURKEY 5.5 million tonnes 1% 516 9% BELARUS 1,752 9% UKRAINE 457 8% UKRAINE 1,442 7% RUSSIA 42 8% CHINA 1,197 6% TAIWAN 351 6% NORWAY 88 4% BRAZIL 261 5% MOLDOVA 759 4% SERBIA 531 3% EGYPT 187 3% BOSNIE-HERZEGOVINE 141 3% SOUTH KOREA 2,482 12% OTHERS 542 1% OTHERS

40 4 INTERNATIONAL TRADE EXPORTS FROM THE EU: TOTAL All qualities in metric tonnes TOTAL EXPORTS FROM THE EU TABLE , data presented here correct as retrieved and processed in April % shares 217 Flat products 14,672 13,545 15,38 15,9 15,83 15,5 15,96 14,677 14,5 14, % Long products 9,77 8,859 9,827 1,661 11,857 1,932 1,627 1,282 9,579 8, % Finished products 23,749 22,43 25,135 25,751 27,687 25,983 26,533 24,958 23,583 22,917 1% TOTAL EXPORTS FROM THE EU CHART Flat products Long products 3, 3, 25, 25, 2, 38.2% 39.5% 39.1% 41.4% 42.8% 42.1% 4.1% 41.2% 4.6% 36.1% 2, 15, 15, 1, 61.8% 6.5% 6.9% 58.6% 57.2% 57.9% 59.9% 58.8% 59.4% 63.9% 1, 5, 5,

41 INTERNATIONAL TRADE EXPORTS FROM THE EU: FLAT PRODUCTS All qualities in metric tonnes 41 FLAT PRODUCT EXPORTS FROM THE EU BY PRODUCT CHART Hot Rolled Wide Strip Quarto Plate Cold Rolled Flat Hot Dipped Metal Coated Organic Coated Other flat products 16, 16, 12, 8, 19.6% 3.3% 11.5% 12.9% 17.3% 3.7% 12.1% 13.6% 19.6% 18.5% 2.8% 2.8% 13.4% 14.9% 14.8% 15.7% 16.9% 3.5% 15.2% 14.3% 17.7% 4.3% 17.2% 15.1% 18% 3.7% 17.9% 15.2% 18.6% 3.8% 18.4% 14.9% 21.5% 3.8% 19.8% 2.9% 3.3% 19.6% 12, 8, 24.8% 18.4% 2.7% 19.6% 17.7% 14.6% 17.4% 16.9% 15.7% 15.7% 4, 27.9% 34.9% 28.7% 28.5% 32.4% 31.1% 27.8% 27.4% 15.5% 14.7% 25.8% 4, 23.7%

42 42 INTERNATIONAL TRADE EXPORTS FROM THE EU: LONG PRODUCTS All qualities in metric tonnes LONG PRODUCT EXPORTS FROM THE EU BY PRODUCT CHART Wire Rod Rebars Merchant Bars Heavy Sections Other long products 12, 12, 1.1% 1, 1.3% 18.6% 1.1% 9.3% 9.9% 1, 8, 11.1% 9.4% 11.6% 2.2% 2.6% 12.1% 17.8% 18.% 18.9% 9.3% 19.8% 9.3% 8, 6, 16.2% 15.% 16.2% 12.5% 12.8% 14.5% 41.4% 11.1% 43.5% 12.9% 4.8% 14.1% 14.% 22.8% 6, 4, 4.1% 45.6% 33.8% 35.7% 38.7% 41.6% 16.5% 4, 31.9% 2, 2, 16.4% 17.5% 21.6% 18.9% 17.8% 17.5% 19.% 18.4% 15.3% 19.5%

43 INTERNATIONAL TRADE EXPORT DESTINATIONS: TOP 1 COUNTRIES All qualities in metric tonnes 43 TOP 1 EXPORTERS DESTINATIONS FOR ALL PRODUCTS TABLE , data presented here correct as retrieved and processed in May 218 Countries ranked according to their 217 order Turkey 3,644 3,497 4,175 3,959 4,279 4,546 4,9 4,37 4,288 4,674 United States 2,214 1,379 2,259 2,49 2,84 2,961 4,124 3,761 3,229 3,379 Switzerland 1,934 1,465 1,892 1,996 1,917 1,883 1,834 1,79 1,842 1,891 Algeria 2,956 3,64 2,745 3,492 4,489 4,574 4,978 4,419 3,586 1,663 China , ,14 1,14 Russian Federation , Mexico Morocco Canada Egypt Others 9,445 9,119 9,942 9,599 9,642 7,736 7,99 6,764 6,56 6,543 Totla 23,746 22,385 25,92 25,74 27,666 25,972 26,531 24,952 23,58 22,882

44 44 INTERNATIONAL TRADE EXPORT DESTINATIONS: BY PRODUCT CATEGORY All qualities in metric tonnes TOP FLAT PRODUCT EXPORT DESTINATIONS CHART 217 TOP LONG PRODUCT EXPORT DESTINATIONS CHART 217 3,821 26% TURKEY 1,349 16% ALGERIA 1,22 15% U.S.A. 2,159 15% U.S.A % SWITZERLAND 14.6 million tonnes 1% 946 6% SWITZERLAND 941 6% CHINA 781 5% RUSSIA 8.3 million tonnes 1% 844 1% TURKEY 442 5% CANADA 754 5% MEXICO 423 3% EGYPT 387 3% INDIA 365 2% BRAZIL 331 4% MOROCCO 274 3% ISRAEL 228 3% NORWAY 198 2% CHINA 314 2% ALGERIA 951 2% RUSSIA 4,42 28% OTHERS 2,441 3% OTHERS

45 INTERNATIONAL TRADE EU TRADE BALANCE: BY VOLUME All qualities in metric tonnes 45 NET TRADE BALANCE BY VOLUME CHART Exports Net balance Imports 3, 3, 25, 25, 2, 2, 15, 15, 1, 1, 5, 5, 5, 5, 1, 1, 15, 15, 2, 2, 25, 25, 3, 3,

46 46 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

47 EMPLOYMENT & ECONOMIC IMPACT PRODUCTION STEEL USE & MARKET SUPPLY INTERNATIONAL TRADE STAINLESS & SPECIALTY STEELS SUSTAINABILITY

48 follow us on

49 STAINLESS & SPECIALTY STEELS EU FINISHED STAINLESS STEEL PRODUCTION: TOTAL In metric tonnes 49 EU TOTAL FINISHED STEEL PRODUCTION BY PRODUCT TABLE Total Hot Rolled 6,992 5,88 6,6 6,3 5,999 5,669 5,59 4,969 4,749 5,39 of which flat products 6, 4,49 5,217 5,198 5,28 4,866 4,733 4,19 3,856 4,14 Hot Rolled Wide Strip 5,715 4,331 5,7 4,92 4,923 4,594 4,423 3,781 3,528 3,793 Quarto Plate of which long products Wire Rod Merchant Bars Products obtained from upstream production - from Hot Rolled Wide Strip Cold Rolled Flat 3,581 2,711 3,226 3,215 3,17 3,76 3,17 3,14 3,41 3,332 COLD ROLLED FLAT 3,332 HOT ROLLED WIDE STRIP 3,793 QUARTO PLATE 311 FLAT 4,14 TOTAL 5,39 WIRE ROD 449 MERCHANT BARS 486 LONG 935 Design by EUROFER with special thanks to worldsteel for permission to reproduce their graphic elements.

50 5 STAINLESS & SPECIALTY STEELS EU FINISHED STAINLESS STEEL PRODUCTION: TOTAL In metric tonnes EU TOTAL FINISHED STEEL PRODUCTION BY PRODUCT CHART Quarto Plate Hot Rolled Wide Strip Cold Rolled Flat Wire Rod Merchant Bars 12, 12, 1, 1, 8, 8, 6, 6, 4, 4, 2, 2,

51 STAINLESS & SPECIALTY STEELS STAINLESS STEEL MARKET SUPPLY: TOTAL FLAT PRODUCTS In metric tonnes 51 TOTAL STAINLESS FLAT PRODUCT DELIVERIES BY SOURCE TABLE % shares 217 European Deliveries 4,263 3,13 3,678 3,637 3,68 3,541 3,629 3,748 4,52 3, % Imports, third countries ,292 1,96 1,227 1, % Market Supply 4,932 3,572 4,418 4,462 4,318 4,45 4,921 4,844 5,28 5,391 1% TOTAL STAINLESS FLAT PRODUCT DELIVERIES BY SOURCE CHART European Deliveries Imports, third countries 6, 6, 5, 5, 13.5% 23.2% 26.8% 4, 16.7% 18.5% 16.4% 2.4% 26.3% 22.6% 4, 3, 86.5% 12.3% 83.3% 81.5% 83.6% 79.6% 73.7% 77.4% 76.8% 73.2% 3, 2, 87.7% 2, 1, 1,

52 52 STAINLESS & SPECIALTY STEELS STAINLESS STEEL MARKET SUPPLY: HOT ROLLED STRIP MILL & QUARTO PLATE In metric tonnes HOT ROLLED STRIP MILL PRODUCTS FOR DIRECT USE CHART ,2 1,2 1, % 84.1% 15.7% 84.3% 2.3% 79.7% 18.9% 17.9% 81.1% 82.1% 21% 79% 24% 27.6% 76% 72.4% 31.4% 37.6% 68.6% 62.4% 1, QUARTO PLATE CHART % 85.5% 11.3% 13% 15.3% 9.3% 13.8% 84.7% 9.7% 86.2% 14.5% 13.7% 11.6% 12.5% 85.5% 86.3% 88.4% 87.5% % % European Deliveries Imports, third countries

53 STAINLESS & SPECIALTY STEELS STAINLESS STEEL MARKET SUPPLY: HOT & COLD ROLLED FLAT In metric tonnes 53 HOT ROLLED FLAT PRODUCTS CHART ,5 1,5 1, % 84.4% 15.1% 84.9% 18.9% 18.1% 15.7% 19.4% 81.1% 81.9% 84.3% 8.6% 21.9% 24.5% 78.1% 75.5% 27.6% 33% 72.4% 67% 1, COLD ROLLED FLAT PRODUCTS CHART , 4, 3, 2, 12.8% 87.2% 11.4% 88.6% 16.1% 18.6% 16.7% 2.8% 27.8% 22% 83.9% 81.4% 83.3% 79.2% 72.2% 78% 21.7% 24.6% 78.3% 75.4% 3, 2, 1, 1, European Deliveries Imports, third countries

54 54 STAINLESS & SPECIALTY STEELS STAINLESS STEEL MARKET SUPPLY: LONG PRODUCTS In metric tonnes TOTAL STAINLESS LONG PRODUCT DELIVERIES BY SOURCE TABLE % shares 217 European Deliveries 1, , ,11 1,19 1,76 1, % Imports, third countries % Market Supply 1, ,26 1,362 1,191 1,2 1,314 1,32 1,368 1,46 1% TOTAL STAINLESS LONG PRODUCT DELIVERIES BY SOURCE CHART European Deliveries Imports, third countries 1,5 1,5 1,2 15.% 22.7% 23.1% 21.7% 21.3% 22.7% 1,2 85.% 19% 19.5% 19.2% % 81% 77.3% 8.5% 8.8% 76.9% 78.3% 78.7% 77.3% %

55 STAINLESS & SPECIALTY STEELS STAINLESS STEEL MARKET SUPPLY: HOT ROLLED & BRIGHT BARS, & SECTIONS In metric tonnes 55 HOT ROLLED BARS & SECTIONS CHART % % 6.4% 93.6% 8.3% 91.7% 1.3% 9.2% 89.7% 9.8% 11.5% 88.5% 13.1% 11% 11.7% 86.9% 89% 88.3% 11.7% 88.3% BRIGHT BARS CHART % 77.2% 2% 22.4% 77.6% 26.6% 73.4% 24.1% 23.3% 75.9% 76.7% 26.9% 27.1% 73.1% 72.9% 26.% 74.% 27.7% 72.3% % European Deliveries Imports, third countries

56 56 STAINLESS & SPECIALTY STEELS STAINLESS STEEL MARKET SUPPLY: WIRE ROD & DRAWN WIRES In metric tonnes WIRE ROD CHART % 88.1% 12.8% 18.8% 25% 81.2% 75% 17.6% 82.4% 16.4% 22% 19.% 83.6% 78% 81.% 17.6% 82.4% 17.9% 82.1% % DRAWN WIRES CHART % 35.6% 4.1% 39.4% 36% 42.1% 41.6% 41.3% 43.8% % 32.6% 67.4% 64.4% 59.9% 6.6% 64% 57.9% 58.4% 58.7% 56.2% European Deliveries Imports, third countries

57 STAINLESS & SPECIALTY STEELS IMPORTS INTO THE EU: TOTAL STAINLESS & SPECIALTY STEEL In metric tonnes 57 IMPORTS OF FINISHED STAINLESS & SPECIALTY STEELS BY PRODUCT TABLE Finished Products , ,139 1,595 1,379 1,519 1,766 of which flat products ,292 1,96 1,227 1,447 Hot Rolled Wide Strip Quarto Plate Cold Rolled Sheet , of which long Products Wire Rod Merchant Bars Bright Bars Drawn Wires IMPORTS OF FINISHED STAINLESS & SPECIALTY STEELS BY PRODUCT CATEGORY CHART Flat Long 2, 2, 1,5 1, % 75.8% 24% 76% 23.7% 76.3% 27.3% 72.7% 24.7% 75.3% 2.2% 79.8% 19% 81% 2.5% 79.5% 19.2% 8.8% 18.1% 81.9% 1,5 1,

58 58 STAINLESS & SPECIALTY STEELS EXPORTS FROM THE EU: TOTAL STAINLESS & SPECIALTY STEEL In metric tonnes EXPORTS OF FINISHED STAINLESS & SPECIALTY STEELS BY PRODUCT TABLE Finished Products 1,685 1,535 1,714 1,83 1,844 1,62 1,481 1,251 1,271 1,357 of which flat products 1,46 1,34 1,447 1,541 1,568 1,333 1, Hot Rolled Wide Strip Quarto Plate Cold Rolled Sheet of which long Products Wire Rod Merchant Bars Bright Bars Drawn Wires EXPORTS OF FINISHED STAINLESS & SPECIALTY STEELS BY PRODUCT CATEGORY CHART Flat Long 2, 2, 1,5 1, % 83.4% 12.7% 87.3% 15.6% 84.4% 15.8% 15% 84.2% 85% 17.7% 82.3% 21.5% 78.5% 24.9% 24% 27% 75.1% 76% 73% 1,5 1,

59 STAINLESS & SPECIALTY STEELS EU TRADE BALANCE: BY VOLUME In metric tonnes 59 NET TRADE BALANCE BY VOLUME CHART Exports Net balance Imports 2, 2, 1,5 1,5 1, 1, , 1, 1,5 1,5 2, 2,

60 6 STAINLESS & SPECIALTY STEELS

61 EMPLOYMENT & ECONOMIC IMPACT PRODUCTION STEEL USE & MARKET SUPPLY INTERNATIONAL TRADE STAINLESS & SPECIALTY STEELS SUSTAINABILITY

62 follow us on

63 SUSTAINABILITY IMPORTS INTO THE EU: SCRAP STEEL In metric tonnes 63 IMPORTS OF SCRAP INTO THE EU TABLE Scrap imports 5,323 3,39 3,43 3,44 3,158 3,191 3,143 2,85 2,74 3,14 IMPORTS OF SCRAP INTO THE EU GRAPH , 6, 5,323 5, 5, 4, 4, +2.9% 3, % 3, % 3, % 3,14 3, -37.8% 3,39-8.2% 3, % 3, % 2,85-3.9% 2,74 3, 2, 2,

64 64 SUSTAINABILITY EXPORTS FROM THE EU: SCRAP STEEL In metric tonnes EXPORTS OF SCRAP FROM THE EU TABLE Scrap exports 12,695 15,779 19,93 19,3 19,543 16,82 16,953 13,763 17,769 2,56 EXPORTS OF SCRAP FROM THE EU GRAPH , 25, 2, +21% 19, % 19, % 2,56 2, +24.3% 15, % 19,3 +.9% 16, % 17,769 15, -14% 16,82 15, -18.8% 13,763 12,695 1, 1,

65 SUSTAINABILITY CONSUMPTION & NET EXPORT: SCRAP In metric tonnes 65 CONSUMPTION & NET EXPORT OF SCRAP STEEL TABLE Consumption 111,325 8,87 98,123 12,199 95,119 91,6 91,563 9,614 88,466 94,9 Net export 7,372 12,47 15,69 15,563 16,385 13,612 13,81 1,914 15,29 16,916 CONSUMPTION & NET EXPORT OF SCRAP STEEL GRAPH Consumption Net export 12, 12, 111,325 1, 8, -27.4% 8, % 98, % 12, % 95, % 91,6 +.6% 91,563-1.% 9, % 88, % 94,9 1, 8, 6, 6, 4, 4, 2, 7, % 12, % 15,69 -.8% 15, % 16, % 13, % 13,81-21.% 1, % 15, % 16,916 2,

66 66 REFERENCES & DEFINITIONS SECTOR DEFINITIONS ACCORDING TO NACE REV.2 Building & Civil Engineering 41 Construction of buildings 42 Civil engineering 43 Specialised construction activities 25.1 Manufacture of metal structures and part of structures 25.2 Manufacture of tanks. generators. radiators. boilers Mechanical Engineering 28 Manufacture of machinery and equipment 27.1 Manufacture of electric motors. generators. transformers 25.3 Manufacture of steam generators. except central heating hot water boilers Automotive 29 Manufacture of motor vehicles and trailers Domestic Appliances Manufacture of electric domestic appliances Other Transport Equipment 3 Manufacture of other transport equipment 3.1 Building and repair of ships 3.2 Manufacture of railway locomotives and rolling stock 3.91 Manufacture of motorcycles Steel Tubes 24.2 Manufacture of steel tubes Metal Goods 25 Manufacture of fabricated metal products excluding Other sectors 26 Manufacture of computer. electronic and optical products 27 Manufacture of electric motors. generators. transformers and electricity distribution and control apparatus excluding 27.1 and 27.5 EU STEEL MARKET DEFINITIONS SWIP: abbreviation for Steel Weighted Industrial Production index. used as a proxy for real steel consumption. Activity in the steel-using sectors is weighted with the relative share of each sector in total steel consumed by all sectors. Real steel consumption: consumption of all steel products used by the steelusing sectors in their production processes, also referred to as final use of steel products. Apparent steel consumption: also referred to as steel demand. It concerns the supply of all steel products delivered to the EU28 market by domestic producers in the EU or third country exporters. If apparent consumption exceeds real steel consumption, the surplus is stocked in the distribution chain. If apparent consumption is less than real steel consumption, inventories are being withdrawn. In formula: total deliveries + imports from third countries exports to third countries steel industry receipts Steel industry receipts: deliveries for further processing from within the steel industry itself subtracted to avoid double-counting of steel consumption Narrow definition: EUROFER applies the so-called narrow definition which excludes steel tubes and first transformation products from the product scope used for calculating steel consumption. Hence, the steel tube sector is a steelusing sector under this definition Steel intensity: the ratio of real steel consumption to steel weighted production in the steel-using sectors. This reflects the usually slightly negative impact on consumption of innovation in steel products, inter-material substitution, improvements in process efficiency and design, etc.

67 follow us on

68 The European Steel Association AISBL Avenue de Cortenbergh, 172 B-1 Brussels Tel: +32 (2) Fax: +32 (2) mail@eurofer.be follow us on