Getting Started Guide

Transcription

1 Getting Started Guide

2 Getting Started with CES Selector These exercises give an easy way to learn to use the CES Selector software. The comprehensive CES Help file within the software gives more detailed guidance. There are three main tools in CES Selector: Brief Description of CES Selector BROWSE Explore the database and retrieve records via a hierarchical index or tree. SEARCH Find information via a full-text search of records. SELECT The central hub of CES Selector, used to apply the Rational Material Selection methodology. A powerful selection engine that identifies records that meet an array of design criteria and enables trade-offs between competing objectives. The following exercises cover the use and functionality of these tools.

3 Getting Started with CES Selector 2 Browsing and Searching Table: Subset: MaterialUniverse All materials MaterialUniverse Ceramics and glasses Fibers and particulates Hybrids: composites, foams etc. Metals and alloys Polymers: plastics, elastomers Exercise 1 Browse Materials Find a record for STAINLESS STEEL Find a record for CONCRETE Find a record for POLYPROPYLENE Open a POLYPROPYLENE record (Double-click on the record name in the tree) Find PROCESSES that can shape POLYPROPYLENE using the ProcessUniverse LINK at the bottom of the datasheet Exercise 2 Browse Processes Browse ProcessUniverse: All processes Find a record for INJECTION MOLDING Find record for LASER SURFACE HARDENING Find record for FRICTION WELDING (METALS) Find MATERIALS that can be DIE CAST, using the LINK at the bottom of the record for DIE CASTING Table: Subset: ProcessUniverse All processes ProcessUniverse Joining Shaping Surface treatment Find what: Polylactide Exercise 3 The Search Facility Find the material POLYLACTIDE Find materials for CUTTING TOOLS Find the process RTM Look in table: MaterialUniverse (Part of a material datasheet and attribute note are shown next)

4 Getting Started with CES Selector 3 m~êí=çñ=~=ç~í~ëüééí=ñçê=~=ã~íéêá~äw=éçäóéêçéóäéåé= ^ííêáäìíé=åçíé=ñçê=vçìåöûë=ãççìäìë= PP (Copolymer, UV stabilized) General properties Designation Polypropylene (Copolymer, UV stabilized) Density lb/in^3 Price * USD/lb Composition overview Composition (summary) copolymer of propylene -(CH2-CH(CH3))- and up to 7% ethylene or other comonomer + UV stabiliser additives Mechanical properties Young's modulus ^6 psi Shear modulus * ^6 psi Bulk modulus * ^6 psi Poisson's ratio * Yield strength (elastic limit) ksi Tensile strength ksi Compressive strength * ksi Flexural strength (modulus of rupture) * ksi Elongation % Hardness - Vickers * HV Fatigue strength at 10^7 cycles * ksi Fracture toughness * ksi.in^1/2 Mechanical loss coefficient (tan delta) * Thermal properties Melting point * F Glass temperature F Maximum service temperature * F Minimum service temperature * F Thermal conductivity * BTU.ft/h.ft^2.F Specific heat capacity * BTU/lb.F Thermal expansion coefficient µstrain/ F Young's modulus Stiffness in tension (also called Tensile Modulus, Elastic Modulus, Modulus of Elasticity). Test notes Young's modulus (E) is the slope of the initial linear-elastic part of the stress-strain curve in tension. Material selection notes Use to select materials with sufficient stiffness (high value) or sufficient compliance (low value). Modulus in tension, flexure, and compression are similar for most materials so can be interchanged for approximate work. Typical values: Flexible plastics and elastomers < 1 GPa Unfilled plastics 1 4 GPa Reinforced plastics 5 25 GPa Ferrous metals GPa Non-ferrous metals GPa Technical ceramics GPa Ceramics and glasses GPa Click to see science note. (For more information on the property and to drill down to the underlying science, follow the hyperlink to the science note) Durability to flame, fluids, sunlight Flammability Fresh water Slow-burning (UL94: HB) Ver y good (Click on hyperlinked attribute names for attribute notes, which provide background information on properties, test notes, and selection guidelines) (Right click on the datasheet to see a context menu with further actions e.g. copy the datasheet, print the datasheet, export the data to an FE package format)

5 Getting Started with CES Selector 4 Exercise 4 Making Property Charts Property Charts Select MaterialUniverse: All bulk materials Make a BAR CHART of YOUNG S MODULUS (E) (Set y-axis to Young s modulus; leave x-axis at <None>) (Click on a few materials to label them; double-click to go to their record in the Data Table) 1. Selection Data MaterialUniverse: All bulk materials 2. Selection Stages X-axis Y-axis Make a BUBBLE CHART of YOUNG S MODULUS (E) against DENSITY (ρ) (Set both x-axis and y-axis; the default is a log-log plot) (Materials can be labeled as before click and drag to move the labels; use DEL to delete a label) Graph/Index Limit Tree Single Property Density Yield strength Young's Modulus etc DELETE THE STAGE (Right click on stage in Selection Stages and select Delete )

6 Getting Started with CES Selector 5 Exercise 5 Selection with a Limit Stage Selection using a Limit Stage Find materials with MAX. SERVICE TEMPERATURE > 200 C THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY > 25 W/m.k ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY > 1e15 µohm.cm (Enter the limits minimum or maximum as appropriate and click Apply ) (Example results: aluminum nitride, alumina, silicon nitride) = DELETE THE STAGE 1. Selection Data MaterialUniverse: All bulk materials 2. Selection Stages Graph/Index Limit Tree 3. Results X out of Y pass Rank by: Property A Limit stage Mechanical properties Thermal properties Min Max. service temperature 200 Thermal conductivity 25 Specific heat capacity Electrical properties Max C W/m.K J/kg.K Material 1 Material 2 Material Electrical resistivity Min 1e15 Max µ ohm.cm Material 4 etc Ceramics and glasses Composites Metals and alloys Polymers and elastomers Limit guidance bars 1 1E+8 1E+20

7 Getting Started with CES Selector 6 Exercise 6 Selection with a Graph Stage Graph Selection Make a BAR CHART of YIELD STRENGTH ( σ y ) (on the y-axis) Use a BOX SELECTION to find materials with high values of elastic limit (or strength) (Click the box icon, then click-drag-release to define the box) Add, on the other axis, DENSITY (ρ) (Either: highlight Stage 1 in Selection Stages, right-click and choose Edit Stage from the menu; or double-click the axis to edit) Use a BOX SELECTION to find materials with high strength and low density 1. Selection Data MaterialUniverse: All bulk materials 2. Selection Stages Graph/Index Limit Tree 3. Results X out of Y pass Rank by: Property A Material Material Material Material etc. Yield strength Yield strength Line selection Bar chart Bubble chart Density Box selection Selection box Selection line, slope 1

8 Getting Started with CES Selector 7 Replace the BOX with a LINE SELECTION to find materials with high values of the specific strength, σ y / ρ (Click the gradient line icon, then enter slope in the dialog: 1 in this case. Click on the graph to position the line through a particular point. Click above or below the line to select an area: above the line for high values of in this case. Now click on the line and drag upwards, to refine the selection to fewer materials.) σ y / ρ Selection line, slope 1 RANK the results by specific strength (Yield strength / Density) (Rank by, Stage 1: Performance Index and click on results column to change order from low high to high low) (Example results: CFRP, Titanium alloys, Magnesium alloys) 3. Results Show: Rank by: Name Pass all Stages Stage 1: Performance Index Stage 1: Index DELETE THE STAGE PEEK/IM Carbon Fiber, UD Composite Cyanate Ester/HM Carbon Fiber, UD C Epoxy/HS Carbon Fiber, UD Composite BMI/HS Carbon Fiber, UD Composite

9 Getting Started with CES Selector 8 Tree Selection Exercise 7 Selection with a Tree Stage Find MATERIALS that can be MOLDED (In Tree Stage window, select ProcessUniverse, expand Shaping in the tree, select Molding, and click Insert, then OK) 1. Selection Data MaterialUniverse: All bulk materials Tree stage for material DELETE THE STAGE 2. Selection Stages Graph/Index Limit Tree Material Ceramics Hybrids Metals Steels Al alloys Cu alloys Polymers Ni alloys Find PROCESSES to join STEELS (First change Selection Data to select Processes: Joining processes) (Then, in Tree Stage window, select MaterialUniverse, expand Metals and alloys in the tree, select Ferrous, and click Insert, then OK) DELETE THE STAGE 3. Results X out of Y pass Material 1 Material 2 Material 3 Material 4 etc. Tree stage for process Cast Join Deform Process Shape Mold Composite Surface Powder Prototype

10 Getting Started with CES Selector 9 Getting It All Together Exercise 8 Combining Stages Change Selection Data to MaterialUniverse: All bulk materials Find MATERIALS with the following properties DENSITY < 2000 kg/m 3 1. Selection Data Stacked stages STRENGTH (Elastic limit) > 60 MPa THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY < 10 W/m.K (3 entries in a Limit Stage) MaterialUniverse: All bulk materials 2. Selection Stages Graph/Index Limit Tree Process Join Shape Surface Cast Deform Mold Composite Powder Prototype Can be THERMOFORMED Density Min Max 2000 (a Tree Stage: ProcessUniverse Shaping Molding) 3. Results Intersection of all stages X out of Y pass Rank by: Property A Yield strength T-conductivity Rank the results by PRICE (a Graph Stage: bar chart of Price) (On the final Graph Stage, all materials that fail one or more stages are grayed-out. The RESULTS window shows the materials that pass all the stages.) (Example results, cheapest first: PET, Epoxies, PMMA, ) Material 1 Material 2 Material 3 Material 4 etc. 4. Selection Report Generate Price GENERATE the SELECTION REPORT (Click the Generate button below the selection results. A selection report is created, containing a summary of the selection project on page one, and details of each selection stage on page two.) Exercise 9 Finding Supporting Information (Requires Internet connection) With the PET record open, click on SEARCH WEB to find additional information on PET (CES Selector translates the material ID to search strings compatible with a group of high-quality material and process information sources and delivers the hits. Many of the sources require a subscriber-based password. The ASM source is particularly recommended.) CLOSE THE DATASHEET

11 Getting Started with CES Selector 10 Exercise 10 Selecting Processes Process Selection Change Selection Data to select ProcessUniverse: Shaping processes Find PRIMARY SHAPING PROCESSES to make a component with 1. Selection Data ProcessUniverse: Shaping processes SHAPE = Dished sheet MASS = kg SECTION THICKNESS = 4 mm 2. Selection Stages Graph/Index Limit Tree ECONOMIC BATCH SIZE > 1000 (5 entries in a Limit Stage) Made of a THERMOPLASTIC (a Tree Stage: MaterialUniverse Polymers Plastics Thermoplastics) Shape Dished sheet Physical attributes Mass Section thickness Process characteristics kg 4 4 mm Material Ceramics Hybrids Metals Polymers Elastomers Plastics Thermoplastics Thermosets (Example results: compression molding, rotational molding, thermoforming) Primary shaping Economic attributes Economic batch size 1000

12 Getting Started with CES Selector 11 Saving, Copying, and Report Writing Exercise 11 Adding Comments to a Project Users can add comments to a selection project as a reminder to why they have applied certain constraints and objectives. Comments are displayed on mouse-over, in the selection report and saved in the project file. Limit Title Notes Stage Properties Limit Comments can be added to each selection stage in a project. (Click the Notes icon in the stage window heading, then type in the dialog) 4. Selection Report Generate Project Summary Comments can also be added to the selection report summary. For example, adding information on which material was finally selected and the reasons why, provides full traceability of the material selection. Project Settings Summary Title Select all materials Notes Exercise 12 Saving Selection Stages as a Project SAVE the project (give it a filename and directory location; CES Selector project files have the extension.ces ) File Edit View etc Open Project Save Project Print

13 Getting Started with CES Selector 12 Exercise 13 Saving a Selection Report 4. Selection Report Generate Project Summary Print Export PDF Word GENERATE the selection report EXPORT the selection report as a PDF (Note: You will require a PDF reader such as Adobe Reader to view the exported selection report) Exercise 14 Copying CES Output into a Document Charts, Records, and Results lists may be copied (CTRL-C) and pasted (CTRL-V) into a word processor application Display a chart, right-click on it, then COPY and PASTE it into document Double click a selected material in the Results window to display its datasheet, right-click on the datasheet, then COPY and PASTE To copy the results list, click in the Results window, SELECT ALL, right-click in the window, then COPY and PASTE To copy individual records in the results list, use Shift-Click or Ctrl-Click to select records, right-click, then COPY and PASTE Try editing the document Bubble chart Datasheet General properties Density 0.1 lb/in^3 Price *1.15 USD/kg Composition Base Al Copy Print Copy Print (The datasheet in Exercise 3 and the selection charts in Exercises 4 and 6 were made in this way)

14 Getting Started with CES Selector 13 Getting the Most Out of CES Selector Now that you have completed the Getting Started exercises, the following exercises introduce you to some additional tools and features that will make your use of CES Selector particularly productive. Custom Selection Exercise 15 Favorites The Favorites feature enables users to highlight their favorite records e.g. your company s preferred materials. Tools Browse to the CAST ALUMINUM folder Add the folder as a FAVORITE (Right click on Cast and select Add to Favorites ) (On the tree and datasheet, favorites are marked with a star ) Add the Type 66 PA folder as a FAVORITE as well (Expand Polymers in the tree, then Plastics, Thermoplastics, PA (Polyamide/Nylon) ) Table: Subset: MaterialUniverse All bulk materials MaterialUniverse Metals and alloys Non-ferrous Aluminum Cast Wrought Add to Favorites Select MaterialUniverse: All bulk materials Make a BUBBLE CHART of YOUNG S MODULUS (E) against DENSITY ( ρ ) (as in Exercise 4) SHOW FAVORITES (Click the favorites icon) (On the Graph stage, all materials that are not favorites are grayed-out) (Click on a favorite material to label it) CLEAR the favorites (Go to Tools > Favorites > Clear) DELETE THE STAGE

15 Getting Started with CES Selector 14 Exercise 16 Adding User-Defined Records New materials are continuously being developed and introduced onto the market. These materials can be added and compared with other materials in the database using the User-defined Record feature. Select MaterialUniverse: All bulk materials Make a BUBBLE CHART of YOUNG S MODULUS (E) against DENSITY (ρ) (as in Exercise 4) Young's modulus Bubble chart Density Add Record Record Details Name: Selection attributes Density New material Young's modulus User Defined Record Color: Orange 120 kg/m^ GPa Set the following constraint: Thermal expansion coefficient µstrain/ C THERMAL EXPANSION COEFFICIENT < 100 µstrain/ C (1 entry in a Limit Stage) Add your own record (Right click in the bubble chart and select Add Record ) For the User-Defined Record NAME DENSITY YOUNG S MODULUS New material Min. 120 kg/m^ GPa (Click OK when finished. The new record will be shown on the Graph Stage. The default color for a user-defined record is orange.) When a record is added from a chart, only the selection attributes are shown for data entry. User-defined records do not fail stages when no value has been entered for a specified constraint (such as thermal expansion in this example). A user-defined record appears on the Browse tree under My records. User defined records are saved in the selection project file, not the database. You may edit or delete a user-defined record. DELETE THE STAGES and the USER-DEFINED RECORD MaterialUniverse Ceramics and glasses Polymers: plastics, elastomers My records New material Edit Record Delete Record

16 Getting Started with CES Selector 15 Exercise 17 Selection with a Custom Subset The CES Selector databases are supplied with a range of standard subsets (e.g. All bulk materials, Metals, Magnetic materials, etc.) which enable users to restrict their material selection to certain material groups within the database. The custom subset feature enables users to define their own subsets. Select MaterialUniverse: All bulk materials Make a BUBBLE CHART of YOUNG S MODULUS (E) against DENSITY ( ρ ) (as in Exercise 4) Change Selection Data to select CUSTOM Materials: Select ALUMINUM and PLASTICS (In the Custom Subset dialog, click on checkboxes to include or exclude records or folders. A checked box means all records in the folder are selected. A cleared box means no records in the folder are selected. A filled box means some records in the folder are selected.) 1. Selection Data Custom: Define your own subset Custom Subset Selection table: MaterialUniverse Initial subset: All bulk materials Selection attributes: All bulk materials MaterialUniverse Ceramics and glasses Fibers and particulates Hybrids: composites, foams, etc. Metals and alloys Ferrous Non-ferrous Aluminum Beryllium Polymers: plastics, elastomers Elastomers Plastics (Note: The Selection attributes setting defines what properties will be available in graph and limit selection stages) The bubble chart updates.

17 Getting Started with CES Selector 16 Exercise 18 Record Coloring The CES Selector databases use a standardized color scheme for displaying records (e.g. dark blue for plastics). These default colors can be changed so that particular records can be highlighted. Browse to the POLYPROPYLENE folder Change the folder color to YELLOW (Right click on Polypropylene and select Change Color > Yellow ) Table: Subset: MaterialUniverse <Custom> MaterialUniverse (Note: Record colors can also be changed by right-clicking on a record in a graph stage or the selection results list) (If the stage from Exercise 17 is still present, the bubble chart updates) Metals and alloys Polymers: plastics, elastomers Thermoplastics PP (Polypropylene) Change Color Red Lime Blue Yellow Restore Default DELETE THE STAGE Exercise 19 Plotting a Combined Property Many engineering applications require combined properties to be optimized. For example, specific stiffness (Young s modulus / density) in aerospace, and thermal diffusivity (thermal conductivity / (density. specific heat)) in thermal applications. These types of properties can be plotted using the advanced property feature. 1. Selection Data MaterialUniverse: All bulk materials Make a BAR CHART of the combined property DENSITY/(YOUNG S MODULUS^(1/2)) 2. Selection Stages X-axis Y-axis (To set the y-axis, click Advanced. In the Set Axis dialog, select an attribute, then click Insert to create the expression) Graph/Index Limit Tree Advanced (Leave x-axis at <None>) Density / (Young's Modulus^(1/2)) DELETE THE STAGE

18 Performance Indices One of the main components of the rational material selection technique is the use of performance indices. These are combined properties (e.g. Young s modulus / density) that allow the function of a design to be optimized for a particular application. The performance index finder enables users to quickly identify (and plot) the performance indices that are applicable to their design. Getting Started with CES Selector 17 Exercise 20 Performance Index Finder Make a BAR CHART of the performance index for minimizing the mass of a stiffnesslimited beam, loaded in bending (Set y-axis Function to Beam in bending, Fixed Variables to length and section shape, Limiting Constraint to stiffness, Optimize to mass) (Leave x-axis at <None>) 1. Selection Data MaterialUniverse: All bulk materials 2. Selection Stages Graph/Index Limit Tree X-axis Performance Index Finder Y-axis Function: Beam in bending Limiting Constraint: stiffness Optimize: mass

19 Getting Started with CES Selector 18 Exercise 21 Selection with a Trade-off Plot Many designs require a compromise to be made between competing objectives, for example, maximize performance and minimize cost. The influence of this trade-off on material choice can be studied by generating a trade-off plot, where candidate materials lie along a hypothetical curve or trade-off surface (see picture). Optimal materials, for a particular application, are identified by making a judgment on the relative importance of the two objectives (e.g. in aerospace, high performance is more important than low cost). Make a BUBBLE CHART of the performance index BEAM IN BENDING, limited by STIFFNESS (Set y-axis to Optimize mass; set x-axis to Optimize cost) (The materials on or near the trade-off surface offer the best compromise for minimizing mass and cost) 1. Selection Data MaterialUniverse: All bulk materials 2. Selection Stages Graph/Index Limit Tree Performance Index P 1 : mass, m Heavy Light Cheap Trade-off surface Performance Index P 1 : cost, c Expensive (Note: The trade off surface cannot be plotted on a chart by CES)

20 Exercise 22 Viewing Functional Data Functional Data Some properties within the databases are saved as functional data, meaning that data is available for a number of different conditions. This allows users to readily incorporate the conditions of their application into their selection project. For example, using the Fatigue strength model the user can specify both the stress ratio and number of cycles for the fatigue strength. Getting Started with CES Selector 19 Find a record for STAINLESS STEEL Display the functional data graphs (Click the Show/Hide button to show all functional data graphs on the datasheet) (Alternatively, click on the,, or buttons to open the graph in a new window and view the equation or data points) Table: Subset: MaterialUniverse Metals Datasheet Layout: All attributes Mechanical properties Show/Hide Fatigue strength at 10^7 cycles Fatigue strength model (stress range) Parameters: Stress Ratio=-1, Number of Cycles=1e7 Fatigue strength model (stress range) (ksi) 100 * ksi * ksi Exercise 23 Setting Parameters for Functional Data 100 Number of Cycles 1e8 Stress Ratio=-1 The parameter values for functional data apply to all applicable functional data types within the datasheet and to all datasheets in the selection project. The parameter values can be changed using the Parameters hyperlink. Find a record for STAINLESS STEEL Table: MaterialUniverse Datasheet The value for FATIGUE STRENGTH MODEL is calculated at the given parameter values for STRESS RATIO and NUMBER OF CYCLES. Subset: Metals Mechanical properties Fatigue strength at 10^7 cycles * ksi Change the parameter value for NUMBER OF CYCLES (Click the Parameters link and set a new value in the dialog, then click OK. The value in the datasheet will updated.) (To view the updated project setting, go to the Select menu > Project Settings > Parameter Values) Fatigue strength model * ksi Parameters: Stress ratio=-1, Number of cycles=1e7 Parameters Number of cycles 1e7 Stress ratio -1

21 Getting Started with CES Selector 20 Eco Audit The Eco Audit Tool only available with the CES Eco Selector edition calculates the energy used and CO 2 produced during five key life phases of a product (material, manufacture, transport, use, and end of life) and identifies which is the dominant phase. This is the starting point for eco-aware product design, as it identifies which parameters need to be targeted to reduce the ecofootprint of the product. 1. Material, manufacture, and end of life Bill of materials, primary processing techniques, and end of life Quantity Component name Material Recycle content Primary process Mass (kg) End of life 100 Bottle PET 0% Molding 0.04 Recycle Exercise 24 Eco Audit Project MaterialUniverse Ceramics and glasses 0% 100% Molding Extrusion Landfill Combust A brand of bottled mineral water is sold in 1 liter PET bottles with polypropylene caps. A bottle weighs 40 grams; the cap 1 gram. Bottles and caps are molded, filled, and transported 550 km from the French Alps to England by 14 tonne truck, refrigerated for 2 days and then sold. The overall life of the bottle is one year. An example product file for this case study is installed with CES Selector in the samples folder. Hybrids: composites etc Metals and alloys Polymers and elastomers Elastomers Polymers Thermoplastics PET Downcycle Recycle Re-engineer Reuse 100 Cap PP 0% Molding Combust File Edit View Select Tools Window Eco Audit 100 Water 1 Product Definition 2. Transport Eco Audit Project Product Definition New Open Save Product name: PET Bottle Transportation from site of manufacture to point of sale Stage name Transport type Distance (km) Bottling plant to point of sale 14 tonne truck 550 Sea freight Rail freight 14 tonne truck Air freight long haul (Click the help icon in the headings for an explanation of the calculations used)

22 Getting Started with CES Selector Use Product life and location of use Product life: 1 years 4. Report View Report Energy and CO 2 Footprint Summary: Country electricity mix: United Kingdom France Germany United Kingdom Static mode Energy used to refrigerate product at point of sale (average energy required to refrigerate 100 bottles at 4 C = 0.12 kw) Product uses the following energy: Energy input and output: Electric to mechanical (electric motors) Power rating: 0.12 kw Usage: 2 days per year Usage: 24 hours per day Phase Energy (MJ) Energy (%) CO2 (kg) CO2 (%) Fossil fuel to thermal, enclosed system Fossil fuel to electric Electric to thermal Electric to mechanical (electric motors) Material Manufacture Transport Use End of life Total (Result: Material is the dominant life phase Focus on minimizing embodied energy of bottle and/or mass of bottle to reduce eco-footprint of product) Change the End of life option for the bottle to Combust and note the different impacts on the end of life Energy & CO 2

23 Getting Started with CES Selector 22 Exercise 25 Saving Eco Audit Product Definition Eco audit projects do not form part of a selection project and need to be saved separately. Eco Audit Project Product Definition New Open Save SAVE the product definition (give it a filename and directory location; CES Eco Audit product files have the extension.prd ) Save Save As Exercise 26 Saving/Exporting Eco Audit Report GENERATE the eco audit report EXPORT the eco audit report as a PDF 4. Report View Report Eco Audit Project Report Print Export (Note: You will require Microsoft Excel, Word, or a PDF reader such as Adobe Reader to view the exported eco audit report) Excel PDF Word

24 Exercise 27 Sandwich Panels Model Select MaterialUniverse: All bulk materials Hybrid Synthesizer Hybrid materials and structures allow the benefits of two or more materials to be combined to produce a material with optimal performance for a particular application. For example, both composite materials and sandwich panels are commonly used in lightweight structures. The Hybrid Synthesizer enables the performance of these structures to be predicted and compared with other materials in the database. Make a BUBBLE CHART of YOUNG S MODULUS (E) against DENSITY (ρ) (as in Exercise 4) Getting Started with CES Selector 23 Use the SANDWICH PANELS model to create synthesized records (Go to Tools > Synthesizer and select Sandwich Panels in the Hybrid Synthesizer) Set the Source Materials FACE-SHEET Aluminum, 6061, wrought, T6 CORE Polymethacrylimide foam (rigid, 0.200) (Click the Browse button and locate the materials on the tree) Accept the default settings for Model Variables and Model Parameters Set the Material Names FACE-SHEET Al CORE Rohacell (Click the help icon in the headings for an explanation of the calculations used) (Click Create to start the Hybrid Synthesizer) (When finished, the new synthesized records will be shown on the Graph Stage) Source Materials Face-sheet Core Model Variables Face-sheet thickness Core thickness Model Parameters Support and load conditions Material names Face-sheet Core Aluminum, 6061, wrought, T6 Polymethacrylimide foam (rigid, 0.200) Span 10 m Al Rohacell Sandwich Panels mm Number of values mm Number of values 0 Built in ends Central load

25 Getting Started with CES Selector 24 Use a LINE SELECTION to plot a line corresponding to a light-weight, stiff, panel in bending 1 3 ρ E f (Click the gradient line icon, then enter slope: 3 in this case) Show the SYNTHESIZED RECORDS on the chart (Click the Show Synthesized Records button) (Label the parent records, and a few of the synthesized records) Synthesized records appear on the Browse tree under My records > Synthesized. Synthesized records are saved in the selection project file, not the database. They may be edited or deleted in a similar manner to user-defined records. DELETE THE STAGE and the SYNTHESIZED RECORDS MaterialUniverse My records Synthesized 20mm core 0.05mm Al face-sheet mm Al face-sheet Edit Record Delete Record

26 Getting Started with CES Selector 25 Toolbars and General Information Standard toolbar Browse the database tree Select entities using design criteria Print contents of the active window Open CES Help File Types *.gdb Granta Database file *.ces CES Selector Project file (text) *.cet Selection Template file *.frl Favorites file *.prd Eco Audit Product Definition file Search for text in the database Eco Audit tool, Synthesizer, Favorites, and other options Search for information on the Web Options for Preferred Currency and Units Database Options Graph Stage toolbar Box selection tool Line selection tool Cancel selection Add text Zoom Un-zoom Add envelopes Black and white chart Result intersection Hide failed materials Show favorites Show synthesized records Settings Preferred Currency Preferred Unit System <Automatic> <None> The Regional Setting from the operating system for currency is used to view data. The regional setting is specified after Automatic e.g. <Automatic - GBP>. Data is displayed using the units stored in the database. Currency data is displayed using the default Currency. The Regional Setting from the operating system for unit system is used to view data. The regional setting is specified after Automatic e.g. <Automatic - Metric>. Data is displaying using the units stored in the database. Attribute data is displayed using the unit for the attribute definition. Named Setting Named currency is used to display data e.g. US Dollar (USD). Named unit system is used to display data e.g. Metric.

27 Copyright 2010 Granta Design Ltd. CES Selector is a trademark of Granta Design Ltd. info@grantadesign.com Corporate Headquarters: Granta Design Limited, Rustat House, 62 Clifton Road, Cambridge CB1 7EG, UK UK/Int l +44 (0) USA (800) France Germany