5 characteristics... minerals power point.notebook. September 20, Nov 17 3:48 PM. Nov 17 4:11 PM. Nov 18 9:36 AM

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1 Minerals! They're everywhere! What are they? Nov 17 3:48 PM To be a mineral you need to be in the special club. In order to be in the special club you need... 5 characteristics... Nov 17 4:11 PM 1. Naturally occurring Naturally Occurring means that is was made by nature, not made by man or machine Nov 18 9:36 AM 1

2 2. Inorganic Inorganic means that it has not been made from living things, or has parts of living things in it. Nov 18 9:51 AM 3. Solid Solid means it has a specific, rigid shape and volume. It cannot be a liquid! Nov 18 9:33 AM 4. Definite shape A definite shape means that the mineral has a specific crystal shape when it forms Sometimes the crystals in a mineral are so o o o small you can only see them with a microscope, but they are still there, you just can't see them! Nov 18 10:10 AM 2

3 5. Definite chemical composition A chemical composition is what atoms the mineral is made up of. The chemical composition for a mineral is like a recipe. Just the way you need certain ingredients to bake a cake (eggs, flour, sugar, butter) each mineral needs certain atoms in certain amounts. Nov 18 10:09 AM Chemical composition also tells us whether a mineral is an element or a compound. What's the difference? An element is a mineral that is made from only one type of atom Like gold or sulfur or diamonds A compound is a mineral that is made from at least two types of atoms and as many as 100 different kinds of atoms Like sapphires, quartz, or graphite (pencil lead) Nov 18 9:32 AM So... what is a mineral???? A mineral is a naturally occurring, inorganic, solid with a definite crystal shape and chemical composition!!! WOW!!! Can you be in the club?... Heck no! You are organic and... you don't have a crystal shape and... you don't have a definite chemical composition. Nov 18 10:45 AM 3

4 Can a pearl be in the club? Can an ice cube be in the club? Can water be in the club? Can your sandwich for lunch be in the club? Can Mr. Fabrizio be in the club? Nov 18 10:56 AM Nov 18 10:50 AM Nov 18 10:51 AM 4

5 In order to tell WHICH mineral it is that we are looking at... (is it quartz or a diamond!!!!?) we perform 8 experiments on it! (bwaa haha!) No, we do not strap the cute little mineral down on a trey and torture it we LOOK at it closely, 2. we scratch it with something 3. we scrape it along an unglazed tile 4. we shine a light on it and other fun things like that! Nov 18 11:25 AM Nov 18 11:54 AM Experiment 1: COLOR! Nov 18 11:50 AM 5

6 Experiment 2: Luster! a. Does it shine like polished metal? (metallic) b. Is it shiny but doesn't look like metal? Is it dull or pearly?(non metallic) Metallic Non metallic Nov 18 11:51 AM Experiment 3: Cleavage/Fracture When the mineral is broken it will either break on a smooth surface (cleavage) or in a ragged, fiberous, rough way (fracture) Nov 18 12:02 PM Experiment 4 Streak! The streak of a mineral is the color of the powder that is left behind when it is scraped along an unglazed tile. Nov 18 12:15 PM 6

7 Experiment 5: Density This can be measured by it's weight or heft, but there are other, more scientific ways to measure density also. Nov 18 12:15 PM Experiment 6: Hardness Some mineral are very soft and some are very hard. All mineral of a one type will all have the same hardness, Some minerals are so soft they can be scratched with a fingernail while others are so hard they are used to cut metal and class! Some ways you can test a mineral's hardness is to... Scratch it with your fingernail Scratch it with a penny Scratch it with a steel nail Nov 18 12:23 PM...There once was a cool guy named Mr. Mohs... He liked to look at and experiment on minerals! (cool, hunh?) Mr. Mohs put together a list of 10 common minerals that ranked them in order of their hardness. The softest common mineral is Talc (ground up it makes baby powder or talcum powder!) See! You put mineral in between your toes and didn't even know it! The hardest common mineral is Diamond (they sparkle and are really pretty!) Aren't minerals wonderful? His list was called Moh's Hardness Scale. Nov 18 12:24 PM 7

8 Experiment 7: Crystal shape There are 6 common crystal shapes that crystals can take... Rhombic Cubic Hexagonal Tetragonal Orthorhombic Triclinic Nov 18 12:52 PM Experiment 8: Special properties! A mineral can show many special properties! These properties can usually distinguish the mineral right away. Some common special properties are... Smell (such as sulfur) Taste (salty like halite...salt) Magnetism (such as lodestone/magnetite) Fluorescence (such as scheelite) Radioactivity (such as uraninite) Nov 18 12:01 PM So let's review! There are 5 characteristics that a substance needs to have in order to be considered a mineral 1. Naturally occurring 2. Inorganic 3. Solid 4. Crystal shape 5. Chemical composition Once a substance is determined to be in The Mineral Club, you can perform 9 different tests/experiments on it to find out which mineral it is 1. Color 2. Luster 3. Cleavage/Fracture 4. Density 5. Hardness 6. Streak 7. Crystal shape 8. Special properties 9. Specific gravity Nov 18 11:25 AM 8

9 There are over 4,000 known minerals!!!! that's a lot considering that there are only (really) 8 elements of which they are composed!!! wowie zowie! of all the elements in the Earth's crust, a MERE 8 make up 98.5% of the total mass of the minerals in the crust!!!!!!! Mar 12 11:29 AM WOWIE ZOWIE!!! Mar 12 11:35 AM Of this 98.5%, 90% of the minerals are silicates (compounds of silicon and oxygen) which are the Earth's 2 most abundant elements Mar 12 11:35 AM 9

10 minerals power point.notebook September 20, 2016 Silicates Have a basic molecular pattern: which looks like this Mar 12 11:50 AM All silicates have this basic pattern. Silicates can also have a metallic atom within the crystal structure Mar 12 11:54 AM How the atoms arrange themselves will affect what crystal structure the mineral has and other properties as well Mar 12 11:53 AM 10

11 We know that in order for a substance to be considered a mineral, it need to have a crystal shape. There are 6 crystal shapes (systems) a mineral can have. Of all the 4,000 different types of minerals, they will have one of these 6 shapes: Mar 12 11:43 AM 1. Cubic 2. Orthorhombic 3. Tetragonal 4. Triclinic 5. Hexagonal 6. Monoclinic Mar 12 11:44 AM Crystal structure will have an effect on other characteristics of the mineral, such as: 1. Hardness 2. Density 3. Whether a mineral will cleave or fracture when struck Mar 12 11:46 AM 11

12 There are a few minerals that are not compounds (such as sulfur, diamond, copper, etc.) these minerals are called native minerals. They can often be found beside minerals which are compounds. when you have an AGGREGATE (group) of minerals together, they make up a... Mar 12 11:37 AM rock Mar 12 11:42 AM Mar 12 11:49 AM 12

13 Nov 18 11:25 AM Nov 18 11:26 AM Nov 18 1:43 PM 13

14 Attachments pictures for mineral poer point.doc Chapter 2 Minerals section 1.doc Pictures for power point.doc New Microsoft Word Document.doc