TAML Process Effluent Effect on Aquatic Productivity. Joe DiPietro Central Catholic High School 11 th grade

Transcription

1 TAML Process Effluent Effect on Aquatic Productivity Joe DiPietro Central Catholic High School 11 th grade

2 Tetra Amido Macrocyclic Ligand(TAML) Developed and engineered by a research group led by Dr. Terry Collins of Carnegie Mellon University Accelerates Hydrogen Peroxide(H2O2) reaction Made of common elements found in nature (C, H, O, N, Fe) Environmentally biodegradable and safe Economical Easy to make Requires low concentrations to activate

3 Structure of TAML Central iron atom, where hydrogen peroxide bonds Attached to a ringed carbon structure (Macrocylic) by 4 nitrogen atoms(tetraamido)

4 Applications of TAML Water purification Catalyze the breakdown of pesticides Pulp and paper Purify the effluent from paper mills Petroleum refining Eliminates corrosive dibenzothiopes

5 Panther hollow pond Local attraction during all times of the year by joggers and families Large duck population and other organisms Lots of pollution and trash Unhealthy environment Primary location for algal growth

6 Importance of Algae Algae is an essential part of the ecosystem as it produces around 20% of atmospheric oxygen Produces the majority of the oxygen utilized by aquatic ecosystems Main source of food for many fish and other aquatic organisms

7 Purpose Determine if the effluent of the TAML process has an effect on algal growth and productivity in panther hollow pond Determine if there is pollution in Panther hollow pond

8 Hypotheses Null-TAML will not have a significant effect on the productivity of algae in panther hollow pond, quenched or unquenched Alternative-TAML will significantly improve algal productivity by reducing pollution levels in panther hollow pond without harming algae

9 Materials La motte dissolved oxygen titration kit 6 dissolved oxygen glass sample bottle 30 ml Manganous sulfate solution 30 ml Alkaline Potassium iodide 30 ml Sulfuric acid 30 ml Starch indicator solution 60 ml Sodium Thiosulfate Direct reading titrator Pipettes Sterile tips Pond water from panther hollow pond Light source (13 watt fluorescent bulb) TAML 5 x 10^-3 stock solution Hydrogen Peroxide 10 mg/ml of catalase

10 Measuring productivity Productivity is the amount of biomass produced in an ecosystem Measured by the dissolved oxygen produced Directly indicates if more biomass has been created Commonly accepted method for measuring dissolved oxygen (Winkler method) ml of Oxygen produced x 0.536=mg of carbon fixed

11 Testing dissolved oxygen Added Manganous sulfate and Alkaline Potassium Iodide Azide solution to form a precipitate of Manganous hydroxide MnSO 4 + 2KOH --> MN(OH) 2 + K 2 SO 4 Oxygen in the water oxidized the Manganous Hydroxide to form Manganic Hydroxide which was a brown precipitate 4MN(OH) 2 + O 2 + H 2 O --> 4MN(OH) 3

12 Testing dissolved oxygen cont. A strong acid was added to the sample to fix it. 2MN(OH) 3 + 3H 2 SO 4 --> Mn 2 (SO 4 ) 3 + 6H 2 O Iodine from the Potassium Iodide solution was oxidized by the Manganous Sulfate which released free iodine Mn 2 (SO 4 ) 3 + 2KI --> 2MnSO 4 + K 2 SO 4 + I 2 Added Sodium Thiosulfate which reacts with the iodine to produce Sodium Iodide which changed the color of the solution from yellow to clear 2Na 2 S 2 O 3 + I 2 --> NaS 4 O 6 + 2NaI

13 Procedure Gathered 6 water samples in bottles without excess oxygen Tightly caped bottle underwater Unscrewed underwater Tapped bottle to release bubbles on the side of the bottle and re-cap Added activated TAML to second sample and allowed reaction to occur for 2 minutes After 2 minutes added 0.01 ml of catalase to quench the reaction Added TAML to third sample and allowed reaction to run its course

14 Procedure cont. Exposed samples to light source for 12 hours at a distance of 18 inches Performed dissolved oxygen test on control group Performed dissolved oxygen test on quenched TAML group Performed dissolved oxygen test on unquenched TAML group Analyzed results

15 Oxygen produced (ppm) Effects of TAML effluent on aquatic productivity Trial 1 Trial Control Unquenched TAML Quenched TAML

16 ANOVA Test ANOVA or analysis of variance compares between and within the means of the groups to determine significance ANOVA results P-value=1.64 x 10^-4 Implies a confidence level of 99.99% that the results varied significantly

17 Dunnett s test Compares experimental groups back to the control group. If T value > T-Crit value than the results were significant. T-Crit =3.03 T value T-Crit Conclusion Quenched TAML Significant Unquenched TAML Significant Interpretation-Both quenched and un quenched TAML had a significant effect

18 Variance between experimental groups P-value P-value cutoff-0.05 Conclusion-not significant Interpretation- Quenched TAML did not have a significantly different effect than unquenched TAML

19 Conclusions Reject the null hypothesis and accept the alternative that TAML improved algal productivity by reducing pollution levels The results indicate that there may be high amounts of pollution present in panther hollow pond TAML does not appear to harm algal growth, quenched or unquenched

20 Limitations Test was performed during winter when Algal levels were low to below freezing temperatures May have caused inaccurate results by having strangely low amounts of algae Water samples were taken from the mouth of the stream that feeds the pond where the water level allowed for the bottle to be filled. May not be a correct indication of algae levels in the pond

21 References Mr. Mark Krotec, PTEI Dr. Terry Collins, Thomas Lord Professor of Chemistry at Carnegie Mellon University out/about.html Little Green Molecules by Terrence Collins and Chip Walter

22 Data Control Unquenched TAML Quenched TAML Trial ppm 16.7 ppm 15.9 ppm Trial ppm 16.1 ppm 15.8 ppm Average 8.0 ppm 16.4 ppm ppm

23 First ANOVA SUMMARY Groups Count Sum Average Variance Column Column Column ANOVA Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit Between Groups Within Groups Total

24 Variance between two experimental groups Anova: Single Factor SUMMARY Groups Count Sum Average Variance Column Column ANOVA Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit Between Groups Within Groups Total