C-100H Strong Acid Cation Exchange Resin in Hydrogen Form (For use in water demineralization)

Transcription

1 ION EXCHANGE RESINS C-1H Strong Acid Cation Exchange Resin in Hydrogen Form (For use in water demineralization) Technical Data PRODUCT DESCRIPTION PRODUCT DESCRIPTION Purolite C-1H is a premium grade cation exchanger that can be used in water demineralization. C-1H is produced exactly the same as Purolite C-1, using a crosslinked styrene divinylbenzene polymer matrix with % crosslinking. Bead stability and a minimum of 95% whole clear beads make C-1H a premium grade gel without the added cost of buying an upgraded cation product. The data presented herein are applicable for hydrogen cycle cation exchange operation only. For sodium cycle information see our C-1 bulletin. Typical Physical & Chemical Characteristics Polymer Matrix Structure Crosslinked Polystyrene Divinylbenzene Physical Form and Appearance Black or Amber Spherical beads Whole Bead Count 9% min. Functional Groups R-SO3 - Ionic Form, as shipped H + Shipping Weight (approx.) g/l (5 lb/ft 3 ) Screen Size Range: - U.S. Standard Screen - 5 mesh, wet Particle Size Range + mm <5%, -.3 mm <1% Moisture Retention 9-55% Swelling Na + H + 5% max. Specific Gravity, moist Na + Form 9 Total Exchange Capacity, H + form, wet, volumetric 1. eq/l min. dry, weight.9 eq/kg min. Operating Temperature, Na + Form 1ºC (ºF) max. ph Range, Stability - 1 Page 1 of

2 Standard Operating Conditions (Co-Current Demineralization of Water) Operation Rate Solution Minutes Amount Service - BV/h Influent water per design per design gpm/ft 3 Backwash refer to Fig. Influent water BV 5º - 3ºC 1 gal/ft 3 (º - ºF) - 7 BV/h.5-5% H SO g/l. -. gpm/ft 3-1% HCl -1 lb/ft 3 Rinse, (slow) - 7 BV/h Decationized water 6-3 BV. -. gpm/ft gal/ft 3 Rinse, (fast) - BV/h Decationized water BV gpm/ft 3-3 gal/ft 3 Backwash Expansion 5% to 75% Design Rising Space 1% "Gallons" refer to U.S. Gallon = 3.75 litres Stepwise of Purolite C-1H Lbs (66 Be) Lbs (66 Be) Lbs (66 Be) Lbs (66 Be) Level - lbs H SO H SO H SO H SO (66 Be) H SO /ft 3 % % 6% % resin Purolite C-1H when exhausted with a high amount of calcium should be regenerated with hydrochloric acid to prevent precipitation. Due to availability and cost, hydrochloric acid may not be the regenerant of choice. Then, sulfuric acid can be used. High amounts of calcium can cause precipitation but could be minimized if a stepwise regeneration is used. By starting your regeneration with a low percentage of sulfuric acid (% or less) and gradually increasing, precipitation can be avoided (see table above). Page of

3 HYDRAULIC CHARACTERISTICS The pressure drop (headloss) across a properly classified bed of ion-exchange resin depends on particle size distribution, bed depth, and voids volume of the exchanger; and on the flowrate and viscosity (and hence on the temperature) of the influent solution. Anything affecting any of these parameters, for example the presence of particulate matter filtered by the bed, abnormal compaction of the resin bed, or the incomplete classification of the resin will have an adverse effect, and result in an increased headloss. Typical values of pressure drop across a bed of Purolite C-1H are given for a range of operating flow rates in Fig. 1. During upflow backwash, the resin bed should be expanded in volume by between 5 and 75%, in order to free it from any particulate matter from the influent solution, to clear the bed of bubbles and voids, reclassify the resin particles as much as possible ensuring minimum resistance to flow. Backwash should be commenced gradually to avoid an initial surge with consequent carryover of resin particles. Bed expansion increases with flow rate and decreases with temperature, as shown in Fig., below. Care should always be taken to avoid loss by accidental over-expansion of the bed. Fig. 1 PRESSURE DROP VS FLOW RATE Fig. BACKWASH EXPANSION FLOW RATE, U.S. gpm/ft BACKWASH FLOW RATE, U.S. gpm/ft PRESSURE DROP, kg/cm /m of bed depth ºC (1ºF) 1ºC (5ºF) ºC (6ºF) 5ºC (77ºF) 1 PRESSURE DROP, psi/ft of bed depth BED EXPANSION, Percent C (1 F) 1 C (5 F) C (6 F) 5 C (77 F) 6 1 FLOW RATE, m/h FLOW RATE, m/h Conversion of Units 1 m/h (cubic meters per square meter per hour) =.31 gpm/ft =.9 U.S. gpm/ft 1 kg/cm /m (kilograms per square cm =.33 psi/ft per meter of bed) = 1.3 atmos/m = 1 ft H O/ft Page 3 of

4 CAPACITY PUROLITE C-1 SULFURIC ACID REGENERATION (STEPWISE) Influent ppm TDS as CaCO 3 36" Bed Depth gal/min/ft 3 Fig. 3 INFLUENT SODIUM - 5% 5.3 Fig. INFLUENT SODIUM 7% OPERATING CAPACITY Kgr as CaCO 3 /ft 3 Mg Ca OPERATING CAPACITY GRAMS CaCO 3 /l OPERATING CAPACITY Kgr as CaCO 3 /ft 3 Mg Ca OPERATING CAPACITY GRAMS CaCO 3 /l Level lbs. (66 Be) H SO /cu. ft. Resin Grams H SO per Liter 6 1 Level lbs. (66 Be) H SO /cu. ft. Resin Grams H SO per Liter Fig. 5 Fig. 6 INFLUENT SODIUM 5% 5.3 INFLUENT SODIUM 1% OPERATING CAPACITY Kgr as CaCO 3 /ft 3 Mg Ca OPERATING CAPACITY GRAMS CaCO 3 /l OPERATING CAPACITY Kgr as CaCO 3 /ft OPERATING CAPACITY GRAMS CaCO 3 /l Level lbs. (66 Be) H SO /cu. ft. Resin Grams H SO per Liter 6 1 Level lbs. (66 Be) H SO /cu. ft. Resin Grams H SO per Liter Page of

5 CHEMICAL AND THERMAL STABILITY Fig. 7 Purolite C-1H is insoluble in dilute or moderately concentrated acids, alkalies, and in all common solvents. However, exposure to significant amount of free chlorine, hypochlorite ions, or other strong oxidizing agents over long periods of time will eventually break down the crosslinking. This will tend to increase the moisture retention of the resin, decreasing mechanical strength, as well as generating small amounts of extractable breakdown products. Like all conventional polystyrene sulphonated resins, it is thermally stable to higher than 15 C (3 F) in the alkali (for instance, sodium) or alkaline earth (calcium and magnesium) salt forms. The free acid form tends to hydrolyse in water at temperatures appreciably higher than C (5 F) thereby losing capacity, as the functional groups are gradually replaced by hydroxyl groups. Fig. FLOWRATE CORRECTION ALKALINITY CORRECTION Flowrate, meter/hour CAPACITY CORRECTION FACTOR ppm ppm 6 1 Flowrate, U.S. gpm/sq. ft. ppm ppm 1 ppm CORRECTION FACTOR SODIUM RAITO % OF TOTAL CATIONS % ALKALINITY EXAMPLE at 6 pounds H SO at 1 gpm/sq.ft. Cations Anions Ca 1 HCO 3 Mg 1 Cl 1 Na SO 1 Temperature 6 F 1. Determine your base operating capacity from Figure 3.. Determine alkalinity correction from Figure. 3. Determine your flowrate correction Figure 7.. Determine temperature correction K from Figure 1. Base Operating Capacity x Alkalinity Correction x Flowrate Correction x K Temperature Correction 15.5 x 1.7 x 1. x.96 = 15.9 Kilograins/ft 3 5. Leakage is determined from Figure 9 through Figure 1. Page 5 of

6 Fig. 9 PUROLITE C-1H CATION LEAKAGE CHARACTERISTICS Fig. 1 Fig Purolite C-1H 3 lbs. (66 Be) H SO Fig. Purolite C-1H 6 lbs. (66 Be) H SO % Alkalinity 5% Alkalinity % Alkalinity % Alkalinity 5% Alkalinity % Alkalinity Purolite C-1H lbs. (66 Be) H SO Fig. 13 Purolite C-1H 7 lbs. (66 Be) H SO 75% Alkalinity 5% Alkalinity % Alkalinity % Alkalinity 5% Alkalinity % Alkalinity Purolite C-1H 5 lbs. (66 Be) H SO Fig. 1 Purolite C-1H lbs. (66 Be) H SO 75% Alkalinity 5% Alkalinity % Alkalinity % Alkalinity 5% Alkalinity % Alkalinity Page 6 of

7 PUROLITE C-1H CATION LEAKAGE CHARACTERISTICS Fig. 15 OPERATING CAPACITY TO END POINT 5 ppb Na H SO REGENERATION STEPWISE COUNTER CURRENT Fig. 1.6 INFLUENT SODIUM - 5% INFLUENT SODIUM 75% BASE OPERATING CAPACITY eq/l % Alkalinity BASE OPERATING CAPACITY Kgr/ft 3 BASE OPERATING CAPACITY eq/l % Alkalinity BASE OPERATING CAPACITY Kgr/ft lbs/ft 3 H SO g/l H SO.. 6 lbs/ft 3 H SO g/l H SO Fig. 17 Fig. 1 LEAKAGE 1. CAPACITY CORRECTION FOR WATER TEMPERATURE SODIUM LEAKAGE ppb % Na FACTOR K % Na 6 lbs/ft 3 H SO g/l H SO C F Page 7 of

8 PUROLITE C-1H (COUNTER CURRENT REGENERATION) Fig. 19 OPERATING CAPACITY TO END POINT 5 ppb Na HCl REGENERATION COUNTER CURRENT Fig. 1.6 INFLUENT SODIUM - 5% INFLUENT SODIUM 75% BASE OPERATING CAPACITY eq/l % Alkalinity BASE OPERATING CAPACITY Kgr/ft 3 BASE OPERATING CAPACITY eq/l % Alkalinity BASE OPERATING CAPACITY Kgr/ft lbs/ft 3 HCl g/l HCl.. 6 lbs/ft 3 HCl g/l HCl SODIUM LEAKAGE Fig. 1 Fig. SODIUM LEAKAGE ppb % Na SODIUM LEAKAGE ppb % Na 6 lbs/ft 3 HCl g/l HCl 6 lbs/ft 3 HCl g/l HCl Page of