Tubing vs. Pipe: Which is Best for Steam & Condensate Systems?

Transcription

1 Canadian Boiler Society 2018 Education Days Tubing vs. Pipe: Which is Best for Steam & Condensate Systems? Education Days Sponsored by Jay Mattiussi Account Development, Training & Marketing Swagelok Southwestern Ontario 2018 Education Days London Burlington Kingston Ottawa 1

2 Agenda Traditional Methods (Threaded & Welded) Tube vs. Pipe Ease of Installation Leakage Flow Cost Comparison 2018 Education Days London Burlington Kingston Ottawa 2

3 Mechanical Grip Type Tube Fitting Components How the Tube Fitting Works Two Ferrule Mechanical Grip 2018 Education Days London Burlington Kingston Ottawa 3

4 The Tube Fitting Two Ferrule Mechanical Grip Tube Fitting When using tubing and mechanical grip-type tube fittings, there is no additional preparation such as; Threading or taping of pipe threads Flaring of tubing Soldering, brazing or welding of both pipe and tubing No special tools required 2018 Education Days London Burlington Kingston Ottawa 4

5 Pipe Threading Machine 2018 Education Days London Burlington Kingston Ottawa 5

6 Tubing vs. Pipe Easy Installation Fewer steps Less equipment No burn permit and fire watch No air test No purging No passivation No hazmat disposal 2018 Education Days London Burlington Kingston Ottawa 6

7 Tubing vs. Pipe Safety Considerations No hot work No welding gases No welding fumes No shielding No cutting oils Fewer metal shavings Safer in confined spaces Applicable to both B31.1 and B31.3 applications CRN and TSSA compliant 2018 Education Days London Burlington Kingston Ottawa 7

8 Working Pressure Ratings - Stainless Steel Seamless Tubing Allowable working pressures are calculated from an S value of psi (137.8 MPa) for ASTM A269 tubing at 20 to 100ºF ( 28 to 37ºC), as listed in ASME B31.3 and ASME 31.1, except as noted. Tube Wall Thickness, in. Tube OD in Working Pressure, psig NOTE: For gas service, select a tube wall thickness outside of the shaded area. Swagelok Fitting Series 1/ / / / / / / / / / / / Education Days London Burlington Kingston Ottawa 8

9 Tubing vs. Pipe Better Strength to Weight Ratio Every Connection/Joint is a Union Full wall thickness of tubing is used to contain pressure Wall thickness of pipe needed to contain pressure Extra pipe wall thickness required for threading Wall thickness of pipe that must be used Tubing Pipe 2018 Education Days London Burlington Kingston Ottawa 9

10 2018 Education Days London Burlington Kingston Ottawa 10

11 Pipe - Thread Problems Over Torque Galling Cross Threading Stress risers limit vibration resistance 2018 Education Days London Burlington Kingston Ottawa 11

12 Vibration Mechanical grip type fitting vibration resistance similar to weld fitting ASME PVP-62 [recommended maximum alternating strain / stress levels in equipment installations to avoid the destructive effects due to vibration] 2018 Education Days London Burlington Kingston Ottawa 12

13 Tubing vs. Pipe - Example: Condensate Booster Pump Threaded Piping System Tubing System BEFORE AFTER 24 fewer fittings installed, 86 fewer potential leaks 2018 Education Days London Burlington Kingston Ottawa 13

14 The Lowdown on Leakage What causes steam leaks? Connections Threaded connections Expansion and contraction CO 2 corrosion Erosion 2018 Education Days London Burlington Kingston Ottawa 14

15 Steam Leaks Steam leaks have a negative affect on steam plant operations. Energy losses Increase in Emissions Loss of reliability Production issues Safety 2018 Education Days London Burlington Kingston Ottawa 15

16 Threaded Connections Expansion and contraction from steam system start up and shut downs CO 2 Corrosion or carbonic acid Pipe Threaded Connections 2018 Education Days London Burlington Kingston Ottawa 16

17 Erosion A small leak today will be a larger leak tomorrow Steam will wire draw or erode the material causing a larger leak 2018 Education Days London Burlington Kingston Ottawa 17

18 1/8 Steam Leak 1/8" Leak Pressure Steam Loss (pph) Cost / Hour Days / Year Cost / Year $8, $3, $2, $1, $1, $ $ Education Days London Burlington Kingston Ottawa 18

19 Tubing vs. Pipe - Flow Laminar vs. Turbulent Flow Turbulence: - Reduces Velocity - Which Reduces Flow Rate Velocity Profile 2018 Education Days London Burlington Kingston Ottawa 19

20 Tubing vs. Pipe - Flow The Reynolds number (Re) A dimensionless quantity in fluid mechanics used to help predict flow patterns Such as the transition from laminar to turbulent flow Formula for Turbulent Flow (Colebrook Equation) The Moody Chart (next slide) A graph in non-dimensional form that relates the following variables: - Friction factor, f - Reynolds number, Re - Relative roughness, e/d (where e is the mean height of pipe roughness) 2018 Education Days London Burlington Kingston Ottawa 20

21 Tubing vs. Pipe - Flow Absolute Pipe Roughness Steel Pipe e = 0.045mm SS Tube e = mm 2018 Education Days London Burlington Kingston Ottawa 21

22 Tubing vs. Pipe - Pressure Drop Bends vs. Elbows Result of Lower Pressure Drop: - Reduced Hammer/Shock - Lower Pressure Required 2018 Education Days London Burlington Kingston Ottawa 22

23 Tubing vs. Pipe Corrosion/Erosion Erosion/corrosion is caused by a complicated interplay of a number of parameters: Erosion/Corrosion Summary: Tubing Increase if Variable systems Is: will have Higher significantly longer service life and Variable: Fluid velocity Fluid ph level Lower Fluid oxygen content Lower less maintenance when compared to Fluid temperature F Comp. geometry traditional Creating piping more turbulencesystems Comp. chromium content Lower Comp. copper content Lower Comp. molybdenum content Lower 316SS Tubing vs. Carbon Steel Piping: - Less Turbulent Flow - Higher Chromium & Molybdenum Content 2018 Education Days London Burlington Kingston Ottawa 23

24 Project Costing Comparison - Example 2018 Education Days London Burlington Kingston Ottawa 24

25 Project Costing Comparison - Example Save 74% Traditional Pipe Solution Tube Solution 2018 Education Days London Burlington Kingston Ottawa 25

26 A tubing system provides a safe, reliable, cost-effective solution Education Days London Burlington Kingston Ottawa 26

27 Thank you Jay Mattiussi Company: Swagelok Southwestern Ontario Education Days London Burlington Kingston Ottawa 27