Name: Year 4 Science. Autumn Term Revision Package

Transcription

1 Name: Year 4 Science Autumn Term Revision Package

2 Year 4 Autumn Term Revision Guide This list covers the topics you have learnt about this term and what you should know. 1) Safety in the Lab a) The rules we have in the lab to keep you and others safe 2) Bunsen Burner Safety 3) Materials and their properties a) Describe and compare the properties of materials and understand the uses of different materials 4) Thermal Conductors and Insulators 5) How Heat Travels 6) Solids, liquids and gases a) How particles in a solid, liquid and gas are arranged 7) Changes of states a) Understand the terms boiling, freezing, melting, condensing and evaporating. 2

3 Contents and Revision checklist Page of revision package Topic Have you read it? Are you happy or need further revision? 4 Safety in the lab 5 Bunsen Burners 6 7 Materials and their properties Thermal conductors and insulators 8 How heat travels 9 Solids, liquids and gases 10 Changes of state 11 Word check list 3

4 Safety in the lab To ensure the safety of others and ourselves the following rules must always be followed in the science lab; 1) Do not enter the lab without a teacher 2) No running 3) Keep hair tied up 4) Always wear safety glass and lab coats when doing experiments 5) Tuck chairs under benches when doing experiments 6) Always listen to the teacher 7) Obey warning signs to avoid danger 8) No playing and being silly 9) No eating or drinking 4

5 Bunsen Burners Check list for the Bunsen burner: Have you? 1) Checked your work space is safe and the gas is off? 2) Put the Bunsen burner on a heat proof mat? 3) Attached the pipe to the gas? 4) Closed the air hole? After cheking all these are in place, next you light the splint, holding it upright but not too close to you, then turn on the gas and light the Bunsen buner from the side with the splint. Finally blow out the splint by facing away from the Bunsen and put it on the heat proof mat. Heating flame Safety flame 5

6 Materials and their properties Words that describe a property of a material Strong o A strong material is needed for a bridge to stay up and hold its shape Hard o A hard material is needed for items like a hammer which needs to be difficult to scratch or break Flexible o A flexible material is suitable to make fishing rods or belts so that they can bend Rigid o A rigid material is one that is stiff and hard to bend like a ladder Transparent o A transparent material is one that can be seen through, like the glass in a window pane Opaque o A material that is opaque cannot be seen through like a blind on a window Absorbent o A material that is absorbent can soak up water, like a sponge 6

7 Thermal conductors and insulators A material that is a THERMAL CONDUCTOR lets HEAT pass through it easily. Metals are good thermal conductors, here is an example; Metal saucepan To heat the water in the saucepan, the saucepan must be made from a material which will allow the heat from the cooker to travel through it easily. A material that is a THERMAL INSULATOR DOES NOT LET HEAT through. Examples of good thermal insulators; Oven glove The oven glove stops you from burning your hand by not allowing the heat from the hot oven to pass through its material to your hand. Thermos The thermos is a good insulator by keeping the heat from the hot drink inside the flask hot. 7

8 How heat travels HEAT travels from WARM materials to COLD materials. When a material that is a good conductor of heat, like a metal, is heated, the particles vibrate and bump into each other. By hitting each other the particles pass the heat through the material from the heated part to the cooler part, heating it up. Expansion of metals when heated When a metal is heated it expands. This is because the particles vibrate and take up more room. The ball and ring experiment demonstrated this. The ball could fit through the ring when it was cool, but when the ball was heated by the Bunsen burner flame, it could no longer fit through the ring. 8

9 Solids, liquids and gases Solids o A solid can be cut and shaped o The shape and volume of a solid do not change unless you break it o The particles in a solid are packed tightly together Liquid o Liquids are runny o The shape of a liquid can change depending on the shape of the container it is in. o The volume of a liquid doesn t change o The surface of a liquid in a container stays level o The particles in a liquid arent packed as tightly as a solid so that it can flow but are arranged closely Gases o Most gases are invisible o A gas in a container fills the whole container o The particles in a gas are spread out unlike in a solid and liquid 9

10 Change of states Materials can change between states under certain circumstances. A SOLID can change to a LIQUID by being HEATED. This MELTS the SOLID into a LIQUID. A LIQUID can change to a GAS by being HEATED. The HEAT causes the LIQUID to EVAPORATE into a GAS. A LIQUID can change to a SOLID by being FROZEN. FREEZING the LIQUID causes it to change state to a SOLID. A GAS can be changed to a LIQUID by CONDENSING. LIQUID GAS LIQUID SOLID Evaporating Condensing Freezing Melting GAS LIQUID SOLID LIQUID Some important temperatures 100 C - Boiling point of water 0 C Freezing point of water 10

11 Important words check list Evaporation/Evaporate Condensation/condense Thermal conductor Thermal insulator Change of state Melting/Melt Freezing Solid Liquid Gas Opaque Transparent Flexible Rigid Absorbent Heating a liquid to its boiling point where it changes state to a gas The process by which a gas changes state to a liquid A material that allows heat to travel through it A material that does not allow heat to travel though it A change between solid, liquid and gas The process by which a solid is heated and becomes a liquid When a liquid becomes cold enough to turn to a solid A state which a material can be in where the particles are packed tightly A state which a material can be in where the particles are loosely packed so the material can flow A state which a material can be in where the particles are spread far apart A property of a material that means you cannot see through it A property of a material that allows you to see through it A property of a material that means it is bendy A property of a material which means it does not bend A property of a material that means it can soak up a liquid 11