CO 2 EOR: A viable option for NCS? 21 October 2015, Stavanger

Transcription

1 CO 2 EOR: A viable option for NCS? 21 October 2015, Stavanger

2 A need for IOR on NCS Government identified need for increasing recovery from oil fields on Norwegian continental shelf (NCS) 1 % more oil ~ 500 billion NOK 2010: Committee of experts to suggest measures, led by Knut Åm 2010: Åm presented report suggesting 44 measures for improving the oil recovery; one was a National IOR Centre 2011: Ministry of Petroleum and Energy evaluated the Norwegian petroleum activities; Recommended the establishment of a research centre in the field of improved recovery, based on an open competition 2013, February: The National IOR Centre call was announced by the Research Council of Norway 2013, August 30: IOR Center announced in Stavanger UiS-IRIS and IFE

3 Improved Oil Recovery Large value potential Åm report vision: billion Sm 3 Approx billion NOK ~60 % recovery rate Source: Norwegian Petroleum Directorate

4 The partners

5 Why CO 2? (what is all the fuss about) What fuel are we switching to? Sources? Electric cars are clean when they drive Battery production is very demanding and dirty process and where does all extra electricity is coming from?

6 Transport CO 2 EOR: experience in IOR center CO 2 multiphase flow loop Validating simulators vs. experimental data Impurities in transport Validating simulators for CO 2 (+ impurities) transport Material selection Hydrate formation Impact of operational upsets and ingress of off spec. CO 2

7 Experimental CO 2 EOR: experience in IOR center Core lab Slimtube 14 CO 2 as ideal tracer/reference tracer for CO 2 in laboratory experiments Pressurised mixing cell for measuring partition coefficients Advanced analytical equipment HPHT equipment Sand screen test lab

8 Drilling and wells CO 2 EOR: experience in IOR center Long time span Highly reactive agent Simple or cheap or robust and «multiporpose» wells? Life cycle! Legislation! Remidiation!

9 CO 2 EOR: experience in IOR center Placement (storage / EOR) Experimental and numerical simulation of injection and storage: Hydraulic fracturing, fault reactivation and microseismicity Influence of damage on seismic wave propagation and visualization Geomechanics and geochemistry Changes to the storage site rock Fault re-activitaiton Short and long term cap-rock integrity Fluid leakage mechanisms Core to Filed scaling-up Site characterisation (from screening to geo- and dynamic modelling) Full-field studies

10 CO 2 EOR: experience in IOR center Reservoir Simulation Model Simulation grid Fluid-rock properties Well data & measurements Upscalling Upscalling Geological grid Faults Reservoir zones Fluid contacts Porosity Permeability NTG Fluid contacts Saturations Fluid densities, Viscosities, GOR, etc vs. P/T compressibility geomechanics Relative permeability End points (Swcr, Sor, Kro, Krw, Krg etc.) Capillary pressure trajectory perforation NTG Fluid contacts trajectories perforations construction Structural modelling Geological model Property modelling PVT Study Rock mech. study SCAL Prod./inj. history Well data

11 CO 2 EOR: experience in IOR Accessing uncertainty Transient analysis center Ensemble based approaches Multiscale: from material ballance to analytical to full 3D gas oil + solution gas water aquifer

12 Monitoring CO 2 EOR: experience in IOR center Analytical methods for tracers with low detection limits Measurement of CO 2 /water and CO 2 /oil partition coefficients for tracers Recovery and retention of tracers compared to CO 2 in dynamic flooding experiments Passive sampling for CO 2 leakage detection Biological and environmental monitoring

13 CO 2 for EOR? A way to pay for storage! CO 2 EOR was evaluated for many fields on NCS CO 2 is one of the most promising EOR agents on NCS There are no show-stoppers to CO 2 EOR in Norway except for

14 There is not enough CO 2 CO 2 for EOR? and no solid legislation to get it CO 2 is usually emitted at fixed rate... but needed for EOR in variable one CO 2 is going to be back produced and need to be handled and re-injected Previous experience is not always directly relevant

15 CO 2 for EOR? Gas storage is a lot more short term EOR experience in US is often using natural sources Scenario dectates the approach: EOR: Maximise oil production, minimise CO 2 use Storage: minimise pressure relief production, maximise CO 2 volume CCUS: Co-optimise HC production and CO 2 storage

16 CO 2 Full Circle Analysis Geology Fluids screening - lab upscale concept Reservoir NPV Sensitivities Risks Legislation Economics Wells Design and type Existing Monitoring Lifecycle Legislation Facilities Risks Costs Existing ones (?) EOR (?) - HSE

17 Whats needed for successful CO 2 EOR Network (IRIS-UiS-IFE) ++ CO2Geonet EERA CCS And many other partners around the globe Full chain access: sources transport buffer site EOR site monitoring screening techno-economical evaluation execution