Recycling of Biomass Ashes

Transcription

1 Recycling of Biomass Ashes

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3 Heribert Insam l Editors Brigitte A. Knapp Recycling of Biomass Ashes

4 Editors Prof.Dr. Heribert Insam Universität Innsbruck Inst. Mikrobiologie Technikerstr Innsbruck Austria Dr. Brigitte A. Knapp Universität Innsbruck Inst. Mikrobiologie Technikerstr Innsbruck Austria ISBN e-isbn DOI / Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York Library of Congress Control Number: # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover photo and artwork: Helene Keller Cover design: deblik, Berlin Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (

5 Preface Meaningful Use of Biomass Ashes: Closing the Cycle Biomass ash is the solid residue from the combustion of plant biomass which is increasingly being used for heat and electricity production. Biomass ash contains a wealth of macronutrients and micronutrients. Despite the value of the various elements contained in the ashes, their disposal in landfills is still common practice, generating considerable costs for biomass plant operators and negating the recycling potential of ashes. A prerequisite for sustainable use of ashes in agriculture and forestry, however, is their quality in terms of nutrients, on the one hand, and of heavy metals and organic pollutants, on the other. Appropriate combustion and separation techniques to obtain qualitatively valuable ash fractions are thus highly desirable. To bring together knowledge and ideas on the reutilization of biomass ashes, the conference Recycling of Biomass Ashes was held in Innsbruck in March 2010, focusing on various recycling technologies for biomass ashes. This book comprises 11 chapters that are based on selected conference contributions. An introductory chapter by Insam and Knapp gives an overview of current technologies and future needs for ash recycling. In Chap. 2 (Schiemenz et al.), the virtue of ashes as a phosphorous source is emphasized. In Chaps. 3, 5 and 6, nutrient-related aspects of ashes from wood (Haraldsen et al. and Omil et al.) and olive residues (Nogales et al.) are addressed. Nieminen in Chap. 4 addresses the effect of wood ash on the soil fauna. Bougnom et al. in Chap. 7 and Sarabèr et al. in Chap. 8 discuss the potential of tropical acid soil melioration with ashes (from wood and cocoa residues, respectively). In Chaps. 9 and 10, Mödinger and Berra et al. elaborate on the potential of wood ash use in brick making and in the cement industry, respectively. Ash recycling as a puzzle stone in a sustainable society is addressed by Ribbing and Bjurström in Chap. 11. v

6 vi Preface The editors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of the many reviewers in improving the manuscripts and thank Springer-Verlag for excellent cooperation during the production of the book. The support of the Tiroler Zukunftsstiftung (K-Regio Center BioTreaT) is also acknowledged. Innsbruck, Austria Heribert Insam Brigitte A. Knapp

7 Contents 1 Recycling of Biomass Ashes: Current Technologies and Future Research Needs... 1 Brigitte Amalia Knapp and Heribert Insam 2 Phosphorus Fertilizing Effects of Biomass Ashes Katja Schiemenz, Jürgen Kern, Hans-Marten Paulsen, Silvia Bachmann, and Bettina Eichler-Löbermann 3 Mixtures of Bottom Wood Ash and Meat and Bone Meal as NPK Fertilizer Trond Knapp Haraldsen, Per Anker Pedersen, and Arne Grønlund 4 Wood Ash Effects on Soil Fauna and Interactions with Carbohydrate Supply: A Minireview Jouni K. Nieminen 5 Characterization of Olive Waste Ashes as Fertilizers Rogelio Nogales, Gabriel Delgado, Mar Quirantes, Manuel Romero, Esperanza Romero, and Eduarda Molina-Alcaide 6 Effects of Ash Applications on Soil Status, Nutrition, and Growth of Pinus radiata D. Don Plantations Beatriz Omil, Federico Sánchez-Rodríguez, and Agustin Merino 7 Possible Use of Wood Ash and Compost for Improving Acid Tropical Soils Blaise Pascal Bougnom, Brigitte Amalia Knapp, François-Xavier Etoa, and Heribert Insam vii

8 viii Contents 8 Ash from Combustion of Cacao Residues for Nutrient Recycling: A Case Study Angelo Sarabèr, Marian Cuperus, and Jan Pels 9 The Use of Biomass Combustion Ashes in Brick Making Fritz Moedinger 10 Reuse of Woody Biomass Fly Ash in Cement-Based Materials: Leaching Tests Mario Berra, Giancarlo De Casa, Marcello Dell Orso, Luigi Galeotti, Teresa Mangialardi, Antonio Evangelista Paolini, and Luigi Piga 11 The Swedish Ash Programme with Focus on Bioashes: Ashes Are a Resource in a Sustainable Society Claes M. Ribbing and Henrik G. Bjurström