Agricultural Water Use and Management Using Satellite Remote Sensing

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1 Agricultural Water Use and Management Using Satellite Remote Sensing Ashutosh Limaye, Ph.D. SERVIR Chief Scientist, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center

2 Linking Science to End User Needs Science End User Needs Courtesy: alifayre 2

3 What We Do Identify needs in SERVIR regions Link science products from research institutions to meet those needs through improved access to data, models, online maps, and visualizations Strengthen the technical capacity of regional institutions, stakeholders, and youth Create user-tailored decision support tools and services Raise awareness of the value of user-tailored earth observed information 3

4 Formulation Implementation Primary Ops Extended Ops MAIA TROPICS (12) EVM-2 SWOT NI-SAR PACE Landsat 9 Sentinel-6A/B Earth Science Instruments on ISS: RapidScat CATS LIS SAGE III (on ISS) TSIS-1 OCO-3 ECOSTRESS GEDI CLARREO-PF TSIS-2 Suomi NPP (NOAA) SMAP ICESat-2 CYGNSS (8) ISS SORCE, TCTE (NOAA) Aqua Terra TEMPO JPSS-2 (NOAA) RBI, OMPS-Limb GRACE-FO (2) NISTAR, EPIC (NOAA S DSCOVR) QuikSCAT Landsat 7 (USGS) EO-1 Landsat 8 (USGS) CloudSat CALIPSO GPM Aura OCO-2 GRACE (2) OSTM/Jason 2 (NOAA)

5 Outline SERVIR use of remotely sensed data in agricultural applications Modeling efforts across SERVIR network Water resource assessments and linkages Implications for South Asia

6 Water Requirement Satisfaction Index 30+ year time series of 0.05 pentadal rainfall grids A Long Time-Series Indicator of Agricultural Drought for the Greater Horn of Africa J. Verdin, C. Funk, G. Galu. J. Rowland, G. Senay, D. Macharai, P. Kabatha, F. Mitheu

7 Water Requirement Satisfaction Index A dynamic atlas on seasonal Crop Performance for agricultural vulnerability mapping and scenario development WRSI Trends A Long Time-Series Indicator of Agricultural Drought for the Greater Horn of Africa J. Verdin, C. Funk, G. Galu. J. Rowland, G. Senay, D. Macharai, P. Kabatha, F. Mitheu

8 East African Drought and Agricultural Productivity Assessment and Prediction System In East Africa, forecasts of end of season crop production estimates are critical. Collaborations with Ministries of Agriculture in Kenya, Ethiopia and Tanzania have shown that reliable crop productivity assessment tools are critical to effectively address food security challenges. Goal is to enable ministries of agriculture to access water availability and crop productivity nowcasts and forecasts using the best available ground and satellitebased data through a coupled hydrologic - crop productivity model suite RHEAS. Linking with seasonal rainfall forecast enables actionable seasonal crop outlook The open-source system is now being run at RCMRD and is used to assess crop yield to support Agriculture ministry s extension officers. Stephanie Granger et al., NASA SERVIR Applied Sciences Team

9 DSSAT Modeling in RHEAS

10 Drought and Agricultural Productivity Assessment and Prediction System Hydrologic outputs from RHEAS Maps of drought products during the last major drought in 2011 Stephanie Granger et al., NASA SERVIR Applied Sciences Team

11 Comprehensive Stream Flow Prediction and Visualization to Support Integrated Water Management 1. Himalaya Region Streamflow Forecaster A medium-range, 15-day streamflow forecasting tool based on ECMWF. 2. Forecast to Flood Map Visualizer Extend our Streamflow Forecaster app to include inundation maps derived from the 15-day forecasts. 3. Earth Observation Water Resources Data Explorer An Earth observation NASA dataset explorer web app. 4. Water Observations Data Integrator Time series data management, access, and visualization app. Improved Stream/Flood Forecasting Forecast to flood map decision support tools Better data access, management and dissemination capability Lasting framework from which additional water resource management tools can be developed and deployed Shareable/transferable to other SERVIR Hubs Jim Nelson et al., NASA SERVIR Applied Sciences Team Stephanie Granger et al., NASA SERVIR Applied Sciences Team

12 Comprehensive Stream Flow Prediction and Visualization to Support Integrated Water Management Jim Nelson et al., NASA SERVIR Applied Sciences Team

13 Seasonal Prediction of HKH Hydrological Extremes with the South Asia Land Data Assimilation System Generate decision-relevant sub-seasonal to seasonal (S2S) hydrological forecasts for the Hindu Kush Himalaya region through implementation of the South Asia Land Data Assimilation System in forecast mode using NMME models selected and conditioned in consultation with NOAA monsoon forecast experts Perform SALDAS simulations using downscaled CMIP5 projections. Perform analysis of potential changes in hydrological extremes under a range of emissions and land cover scenarios. Engage ICIMOD climate change experts and end users through side events at project workshops and, as interest dictates, additional follow-up events. Implement the Land Information System (LIS) as an integrating analysis tool for monitoring, forecasts, and projections. Precipitation from multiple sources TRMM, CHIRPS and GPM Water storage anomalies from GRACE, Thermal infrared evapotranspiration estimates Snowpack characteristics from visible and microwave sensors Satellite observations can either be ingested or used as an independent observation for comparison Ben Zaitchik et al., NASA SERVIR Applied Sciences Team

14 Managing the Changing Water Resources South of the Himalayas Decreasing melt water from snow and glaciers, glacial darkening from the deposition of black carbon, and the potential disappearance of the South Asian summer monsoon all threaten the future water security of the region. Thus improve access to data, products and tools is needed The holistic view provided by Earth observations like GRACE, MODIS, AMSR2 and the RAPID river modeling tool together have the potential to assess downstream water resources and help national-scale management and decision making for water availability and water related disasters. GRACE ground water depletion Rodell et al. (2009) GRACE potential flood areas Reager et al. (2014) MODIS dust/black carbon radiative forcing Painter et al. (2012) Cedric David et al., NASA SERVIR Applied Sciences Team

15 Drought Analysis Drought classifications (i.e. Drought Monitor) have a major impact on the eligibility of insurance payments and assistance programs Similar effort is sought by Agriculture ministries in Himalayan region.

16 SERVIR Himalaya Drought Monitoring System - in collaboration with regional Ag ministries

17 Summary The severity of drought has many implications to society. It s impact on agriculture is especially direct. SERVIR has worked with relevant ministries in the region to set up a drought monitoring system, which uses remotely sensed data, and modeling systems. The collaborative nature of this effort is expected to bring sustainability.

18 Thank you Contact: Ashutosh Limaye SERVIR Chief Scientist