Page heading goes here Desal and Water Reuse in Australia

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1 Desal and Water Reuse in Australia Roch Cheroux

2 Australian Population Australia is the 3rd least populated country in the world (after Namibia and Mongolia)

3 Water production in Australia by urban centre ( ) Darwin Adelaide 4,112 Desalination Surface water Ground water Recycled water 541 5,396 4,040 Sydney 33,481 Total Australian water production () South East QLD 324,797 Adelaide 139,893 Canberra 54,229 Darwin 40,755 34, , ,226 Perth 288,999 46,209 Melbourne 5,201 Perth 8,109 1,562 South East QLD 16,177 7,686 4,313 Canberra Sydney 591,700 Melbourne 479, , , , ,372 49,900 Total: More than 1.92 million

4 Installed capacity Supply capacity of large-scale desalination and recycled water plants for major capital cities versus total urban water use, to (GL/yr) Notes: Capacity-related data was derived from Urban NPR (pp.7-8 and the Water Services Association of Australia report card (p.5). Data included only major projects that have a supply capacity of at least 40 GL. *Use data was sourced from Urban NPR dataset and is the total for Sydney, Melbourne, south east Queensland, Perth and Adelaide. Where data was missing for these utilities over the time series, the most recent year of data was assumed for the missing years. Source: National Water Commission, National Performance Report

5 Installed Capacity and Usage Gold Coast desal plant Capacity: 45 GL/y Water supply at full capacity: 27% of SE QLD Usage: 33% capacity Perth Seawater desal plant Capacity: 45 GL/y Water supply at full capacity: 17% of Perth Usage: 100% capacity Perth Southern Seawater desal plant Capacity: 100 GL/y Water supply at full capacity: 17% of Perth Usage: Near full capacity Adelaide desal plant Capacity: 100 GL/y Water supply at full capacity: 50% of Adelaide Usage: 10% capacity Sydney desal plant Capacity: 90 GL/y Water supply at full capacity: 15% of Sydney Usage: zero production Victoria desal plant Capacity: 150 GL/y Water supply at full capacity: 33% of Melbourne Usage: 15GL water ordered for 18/19 financial year

6 Customer and Community Perception Last resort to address water supply security and/or quality Capital and operating costs Energy use Environmental impact (energy consumption, management of waste saline concentrates, disposal of large quantities of membrane modules) Insurance policy

7 Population Growth One birth every 1 minute and 43 seconds One death every 3 minutes and 16 seconds One person arriving to live in Australia every 1 minute and 1 second One Australian resident leaving Australia to live overseas every 1 minute and 49 seconds Will lead to an overall total population increase of one person every 1 minute and 24 seconds

8 Australian Population If Australia continues with the current average population growth rate (1.5%) A million people will be added to the population every 2-3 years Australia population will reach 40 million by 2050 and 53 million by 2100 (double)

9 Could Australia have a Cape Town Day Zero? Currently, the answer is probably Yes for some places in Australia. Why: 1. Droughts much worse than Cape Town have already hit Australia in the last few decades, and much more severe droughts could happen in the future. 2. Not all of our cities have adequate drought proof water supplies. 3. Climate change increases the probability of severe droughts in Australia. 4. Extreme weather disruption to critical infrastructure is the most significant risk to urban water supplies.

10 Could Australia have a Cape Town Day Zero? only Adelaide and Perth could meet anything approximating household demand Comparison of water available through existing desalination and desalination coupled with recycling XDI Report, Feb 2018

11 South Australian Perspective Desalination plants not included on map: Hawker Leigh Creek Indulkana Mimili Fregon (Kaltjiti) Kenmore Park (Yunyarinyi)

12 South Australian Perspective Adelaide Desalination Plant (ADP) ADP is our largest desalination plant at Lonsdale and has been delivering drinking water since The plant was built to provide long-term water security for South Australia. In full operation, the plant is capable of producing 100 GL per year. This is about half of Adelaide's annual water needs. The plant's water production capacity is extremely flexible. The output of the plant can be as low as 10% or as high as 100% (in 10% increments). The ADP's water production can: - Increase or decrease in response to customer demand - Increase in times of drought - Decrease when the state experiences high rainfall - Meet sudden need requirements in times of emergency

13 Western Australian Perspective Perth Seawater Desalination Plant (PSD) The PSD has been producing drinking water since November It plays a vital role in securing water supply for the Integrated Water Supply Scheme (IWSS), which supplies the metropolitan area and some parts of the South West and Goldfields. Located in Kwinana, the PSDP produces 45 billion litres of fresh drinking water a year. That s around 130,000,000 litres per day. Content provided by Water Corporation

14 Western Australian Perspective Southern Seawater Desalination Plant (PSDP) The Southern Seawater Desalination Plant is located in Binningup, approximately 150 kilometres south of Perth. It is the second desalination plant supplying water to Perth and can produce 100 billion litres of drinking water a year around 35% of Perth s water supply. That s around litres per day. Content provided by Water Corporation

15 Western Australian Perspective Ground Water Replenishment Scheme In 2012, a three-year groundwater replenishment trial was completed. The trial tested the technology in local conditions and following completion, was endorsed by the State regulatory agencies, Work commenced in 2014 to construct Australia s first full-scale Groundwater Replenishment Scheme. Construction was completed and recharge commenced on site in 2017, with the first stage having the capacity to recharge up to 14 billion litres of recycled water into groundwater supplies each year. The scheme has already recharged around 6.5 billion litres of recycled water into Perth s deep underground aquifers. The second stage of the scheme is currently underway and includes the construction of a second Advanced Water Recycling Plant (14 billion litres per year), the drilling of four offsite recharge bores and four monitoring bores. Content provided by Water Corporation

16 Conclusion Australia is the smallest, flattest, and driest inhabited continent in the world 85% of the population is living within 50km of the coast Our population is growing to probably double by 2050 Where will the water come from if not from the sea?