MAKING DAYLIGHTING WORK IN SCHOOLS

Transcription

1 MAKING DAYLIGHTING WORK IN SCHOOLS PRESENTERS: MELANIE ROSS AND ALI SYED SEPTEMBER 25, 2015

2 OUTLINE WHAT IS DAYLIGHTING SCHOOL LIGHTING LEVELS AND TYPICAL ENERGY USE DAYLIGHTING DESIGN PARAMETERS IMPACTS ON OCCUPANT COMFORT, HEALTH AND PRODUCTIVITY DAYLIGHT AND ENERGY MODELING TOOLS CERTIFICATION SYSTEMS AND STANDARDS CASE STUDY

3 WHAT IS DAYLIGHTING?

4 DAYLIGHTING THE CONTROLLED ADMISSION OF NATURAL LIGHT INTO A BUILDING. REDUCES ELECTRIC LIGHTING REQUIREMENTS AND SAVES ENERGY. CREATES A STIMULATING AND PRODUCTIVE ENVIRONMENT FOR OCCUPANTS.

5 KEY QUESTIONS TO ASK IS DAYLIGHTING IMPORTANT FOR THIS SPACE? ARE VIEWS IMPORTANT? HOW OFTEN IS THIS SPACE OCCUPIED? WHAT TIME WILL THE SPACE BE OCCUPIED? ARE THERE MINIMUM DAYLIGHTING REQUIREMENTS? IS GLARE AND DIRECT SUN CRUCIAL? WHAT IS THE DESIGN ILLUMINANCE LEVEL? WHAT MIGHT BE THE IDEAL DESIGN SOLAR ORIENTATION? WHAT MIGHT BE THE OPTIMUM DAYLIGHTING STRATEGY FOR THE SPACE? SIDELIGHTING? TOPLIGHTING? OTHER? WILL TECHNOLOGY BE INCORPORATED FOR THE OVERALL LIGHTING STRATEGY? HOW WILL THE DAYLIGHTING STRATEGY ALIGN WITH THE PROGRAM?

6 SCHOOL LIGHTING LEVELS AND TYPICAL ENERGY USE

7 SCHOOL LIGHTING LEVELS IESNA LIGHTING HANDBOOK RECOMMENDS 50 fc or 500 lux for typical Classrooms 30 fc or 300 lux for high school gymnasium 50 fc or 500 lux for general science labs MNECB 1997 LPD is W/ft 2 ASHRAE LPD is 1.2 W/ft 2 ASHRAE % lower than NECB 2011 LPD is 1 W/ft 2

8 ENERGY END USE BREAKDOWN Schools / K-12 Ventilation 4% Refrigeration 2% Others 8% Office Equipment 11% Space Heating 40% Lighting 14% Cooling 14% Source: CBECS database Cooking 3% Water Heating 4%

9 REDUCE BASE BUILDING LOADS USE DAYLIGHTING AS PRIMARY SOURCE OF ILLUMINATION OPTIMIZE BUILDING ORIENTATION REDUCE EAST AND WEST EXPOSURES MAXIMIZE VERTICAL GLAZING USE HIGH-PERFORMANCE WINDOWS OPTIMIZE EXTERIOR & INTERIOR SHADING USE SMALLER WINDOW-TO-WALL-RATIOS DO NOT OVER-GLAZE MAKE SURE LIGHTING DESIGN WORKS WITH DAYLIGHTING RESPONSIVE LIGHTING CONTROLS DAYLIGHTING REQUIRES INTEGRATED DESIGN APPROACH

10 DAYLIGHTING DESIGN PARAMETERS

11 LIGHTING WAVELENGTH AND THERMAL GAINS

12 THERMAL GAINS BY ORIENTATION Btus/Square Foot of Glass/Day Graph above is for 32 degree North Latitude, used for representative purpose

13 THERMAL GAINS BY ORIENTATION LONG EAST-WEST AXIS GIVES GREATER ACCESS TO DAYLIGHT WITH EASE OF GLARE CONTROL AND REDUCED HEAT GAIN LONG NORTH-SOUTH AXIS CREATES GREATER EXPOSURE TO LOW ANGLE SUN WITH MORE GLARE AND HEAT GAIN N BUILDING BUILDING

14 GLAZING AND THE SUN

15 TYPICAL WINDOW RATING SYSTEM

16 SOME FACTORS TO CONSIDER

17 SOME FACTORS TO CONSIDER

18 SITE SHADING ANALYSIS HOW DOES THE SUN MOVE ACROSS THE SITE?

19 SITE SHADING ANALYSIS SUBURBAN URBAN

20 ALLOWING DAYLIGHT IN BALANCE: APERTURE SIZE DAYLIGHT AUTONOMY ENERGY PERFORMANCE ALL WHILE PROVIDING VIEWS TO THE OUTDOORS AND LIMITING GLARE. Minimum connection to outdoors Reliance on artificial light Excessive Thermal Load Glare

21 ALLOWING DAYLIGHT IN Skylights Shading Structures Screens Optimizing use types

22 TYPES OF SHADING FIXED OR AUTOMATED/DYNAMIC EXTERIOR SHADING EXTERIOR FABRIC AWNING MANUAL INTERIOR SHADING SYSTEMS AUTOMATED INTERIOR SHADING SYSTEMS / DOUBLE-SKIN ENVELOPE SYSTEMS HIGH PERFORMANCE GLAZING ELECTROCHROMIC GLAZING NATURAL SHADING

23 TYPES OF SHADING Interior Shading Fixed Exterior Clerestory Combined Strategies

24 IMPACTS ON OCCUPANT COMFORT, HEALTH & PRODUCTIVITY

25 IT S ABOUT THE PEOPLE BENEFITS: HEALTHIER BODIES BETTER ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE INCREASED ATTENDANCE BY THE NUMBERS: 168 HOURS PER WEEK 70 HOURS FOR SLEEPING 20 HOURS FOR MORNING/EVENING ROUTINES 20 HOURS IN FRONT OF A SCREEN/HOMEWORK 40 HOURS FOR SCHOOL/EXTRACURRICULAR 18 HOURS LEFT FOR EVERYTHING ELSE - WHEN DO KIDS GO OUTDOORS???

26 WELL BUILDING STANDARD Onus on good architectural design concepts conducive to daylighting Daylight modeling requirements similar to LEED v4 Daylighting + artificial (electric) lighting designs need to work together

27 WELL BUILDING STANDARD

28 DAYLIGHTING & ENERGY MODELING TOOLS

29 DESIGN SYNERGIES Daylighting Lighting Energy Reduction HVAC Sizing Reduced Cooling Equipment Sizing LEED Thermal Comfort Credit and EAc1 points

30 GLARE AND PEAK COOLING LOAD REDUCED Shading No Shading

31 ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS OF DESIGN MODELING OCCUPANCY & OPERATIONS DAYLIGHTING MECHANICAL & ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS WEATHER BUILDING CHARACTERISTICS SIMULATION SOFTWARE UTILITY RATES Source: diamond & schmitt architects

32 DAYLIGHTING MODELING TOOLS ENERGY MODELING DAYLIGHTING ANALYSIS SUN/SHADE ANALYSIS THERMAL COMFORT ANALYSIS

33 DAYLIGHTING MODELING TOOLS

34 ali.syed8 WHEN TO MODEL? Schematic Design Design Development Construction Drawings Form, orientation, massing Daylighting Systems How efficient? Detailed Component Evaluation Control Strategies Confirm compliance LEED Points, Cost Savings, etc Benchmarking Precedents Daylighting Tools Energy Modeling EE4/eQuest/VE Confirm Design Daylighting Tools Energy Modeling EE4/eQuest/VE Quality & Assurance Daylighting Tools Energy Modeling

35 Slide 34 ali.syed8 remove OAA 2030 header Ali Syed, 9/20/2015

36 SIMULATION BREAKDOWN Program Free Paid Phase Output Expertise Needed Input Effort SketchUp Ö PD/SD Shading analysis; sunlight penetration Low-Medium Low Sefaira Ö SD Annual, non-hourly Low-Medium Low Ecotect Ö SD/DD Point-in-time ill; Shading Analysis Medium Med Daysim Ö DD/CD Annual, hourly Med-High Med-High Radiance Ö DD/CD Annual, hourly High High AGI 32 Ö DD/CD Point-in-time Med-High Med IES-VE Ö DD/CD Annual, hourly High Med-High Superlite Lumen Micro Lightscape Daylite These tools are not as widely used as the ones mentioned above. Information on these and other tools can be found on the USDOE Building Energy Software Tools Directory website(

37 ali.syed15 DAYLIGHTING TOOLS ON-SITE MEASUREMENTS LIGHT SENSORS DATA LOGGERS LUMINANCE METERS ILLUMINANCE METERS

38 Slide 36 ali.syed15 talk in context of measurement options for LEED Ali Syed, 9/23/2015

39 CERTIFICATION SYSTEMS AND STANDARDS

40 CERTIFICATION SYSTEMS + STANDARDS LEED 2009 LEED v4 ASHRAE Current Reference Building Option; 10% energy cost improvement for EAp2 ASHRAE Reference Building Option for projects registered after October 1, 2016 or projects registered earlier and electing to pursue v4. MNECB 1997 Current Reference Building Option; 23% energy cost improvement for EAp2 NECB 2011 Overall 25% improvement in energy efficiency over MNECB 1997 Alternative Compliance Path to ASHRAE Daylight Compliance Prescriptive or Simulation Path: achieve between lux in 75% or more of regularly occupied spaces Prescriptive or Simulation Path: simulate daylight autonomy and sunlight exposure OR simulate illuminance OR measurement.

41 CASE STUDY

42 UBC STUDENT UNION BUILDING

43 UBC STUDENT UNION BUILDING

44 UBC STUDENT UNION BUILDING

45 UBC STUDENT UNION BUILDING

46 UBC STUDENT UNION BUILDING

47 QUESTIONS?