DECLARATION ... Lahiru Weerasiri

Transcription

1 DECLARATION I declare that this is my own work and this dissertation does not incorporate without acknowledgement any material previously submitted for a Degree or Diploma in any other University or institute of higher learning and to the best of my knowledge and belief it does not contain any material previously published or written by another person except where the acknowledgement is made in the text. Further, I acknowledge the intellectual contribution of my research supervisor Dr. Ravihansa Chandrathilake & Mr. Mark Makalanda for the successful completion of this research dissertation. I affirm that I will not make any publication from this research without the name(s) of my research supervisor(s) as contributing author(s) unless otherwise I have obtained written consent from my research supervisor(s). Also, I hereby grant to University of Moratuwa the non-exclusive right to reproduce and distribute my dissertation, in whole or in part in print, electronic or other medium. I retain the right to use this content in whole or part in future works such as articles or books... Lahiru Weerasiri... Date I hereby acknowledge that Katuwana Vithanage Lahiru Madhusanka Weerasiri has followed the dissertation process set by the Department of Management of Technology... Dr. Ravihansa Chandrathilake Dissertation Supervisor... Date i

2 ABSTRACT Intelligent buildings are no longer a generic concept in the modern construction sector. It has gone through several transformational stages and has become dominant around the globe. Both active and passive intelligent techniques are featuring throughout the concept of Intelligent Buildings in which the research focuses on active technologies related building automation. IBMS have been identified as a major technology which is used in building to enhance its intelligence. However any technologies that are applied to buildings should be accurately integrate with the built environment in order to gain the expected outcome and continuous monitoring of the technologies is also important. In achieving both these objectives, building owners or managers should have a tool for evaluate the performance of the technological systems which are installed or to be installed. The aim of this research is to assess the overall performance of IBMSs in Sri Lankan Intelligent Buildings. Assessing overall performance of IBMSs leads to improve system s performance while overcoming the technological challenges associated with IBs. Even though a few amounts of assessment tools were available, none of them can be identified as a comprehensive framework which covers the entire spectrum of the concept of Facilities Management. Therefore, filling this gap was achieved through the research by developing a framework for evaluating the overall performance of IBMSs in a building. Quantitative research approach was adopted to achieve the aim of the research. Preliminary survey focused on validating domain, criteria and indicators for developing the framework. Main survey was aimed at focusing on developing the framework by prioritizing the each and every criteria as well as indicators using the AHP tool. By assigning a suitable valve for against each indicator of the framework will generate the final mark out of hundred in order to rate the performance of the IBMS. IBMSs in Sri Lanka are not always successful in every aspect therefore the framework can be used to measure the current performance as well as the improvements to be done to the system. Key words: Intelligent buildings, Building Automation, Performance evaluation, Framework ii

3 ACKNOLEDGEMENT Firstly, I pay my sincerest gratitude to Dr. Ravihansa Chandrathilake for her placid guidance, advices, and encouragement to make this research a fruitful one. His direction and clear knowledge of the subject are very much appreciated. Next, my sincere thanks delivered to Mr. Indra Mahakalanda for his support and guidance, put forward to make this study a success. I wish to extend my utmost gratitude to Dr. Dinesh Wickramasinghe, the Head of the Department of Management of Technology, and all other staff members of Department of Management of Technology for their immense assistance and advice provided during the research period and throughout the four years of my academic career. Furthermore, I pay my heartiest gratitude to all non-academic staff members of the Department of Management of Technology for the invaluable help given. Special thanks go to all of the professionals, who gave me an immense support and corporation to complete a successful data collection by sharing their invaluable knowledge and opinions within their busy work schedules. Many individuals contributed in plentiful ways for the successful accomplishment of this research. I express my heartfelt gratitude to each individual for his or her encouragement, values and ideas, assistance and especially for their commitment towards this research to make it a success. It should be said that without you all this would have not been a reality. Last, but not least, I express my gratitude to all those who were with me during this study for giving their utmost support in numerous ways to make this research a success. iii

4 DEDICATION To all those who encouraged me during the hard times iv

5 A FRAMEWORK FOR ASSESSING OVERALL PERFORMANCE OF IBMSs IN SRI LANKAN INTELLIGENT BUILDINGS v

6 TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION... i ABSTRACT... ii ACKNOLEDGEMENT... iii DEDICATION... iv TABLE OF CONTENTS... vi LIST OF FIGURES... x LIST OF TABLES... xi ABBREVIATIONS... xiii LIST OF APPENDIXES... xiv 1 Introduction Background Problem Statement Aim & Objectives Research Methodology Scope & Limitations Chapter Breakdown Literature Review Introduction Defining the Concept of Intelligent Buildings around the Globe Definition of IBs in USA Definition of IBs in Europe Definition of IBs in Asia... 9 vi

7 2.2 Composition of Intelligent Buildings & Intelligent Building Systems Evolution of Intelligent Systems in Intelligent Buildings Intelligent Systems and its Focus towards Facilities Management IBMS within the Context of Intelligent Systems Proven Benefits & Usefulness of IBMSs in Global Context Significance of assessing IBMS & Developing Framework Existing Techniques & Frameworks for Assessing Intelligent Buildings & Systems Development of conceptual framework Identify the Domains, Criteria and Indicators for assessing IBMS and Development of Conceptual Framework Chapter Summary Research Methodology Introduction Research Methodology Research Process Literature Review Research Design Research Approach Sample Selection Data Collection Data Analysis Chapter Summary vii

8 4 Data Analysis Introduction Validating sub criteria for assessing technological adaptation Implementation of AHP Tool for Data Analysis Weighting the Nine Criteria of Proposed Framework for Assessing Overall IBMS Performance Square Matrix of a Pair-Wise Comparison Normalized Comparison Matrix Consistency Calculations Weighting the Indicators of Proposed Framework under Technology Domain for Assessing Overall IBMS Performance Weighting the (T1) Related Indicators for Assessing Overall IBMS Performance Weighting the (T2) Related Indicators for Assessing Overall IBMS Performance Weighting the (T3) Related Indicators for Assessing Overall IBMS Performance Weighting the Indicators of Proposed Framework under Economic Domain for Assessing Overall IBMS Performance Weighting the (E1) Related Indicators for Assessing Overall IBMS Performance Weighting the (E2) Related Indicators for Assessing Overall IBMS Performance Weighting the (E3) Related Indicators for Assessing Overall IBMS Performance Weighting the Indicators of Proposed Framework under Socio-Environment Domain for Assessing Overall IBMS Performance Weighting the (S1) Related Indicators for Assessing Overall IBMS Performance Weighting the (S2) Related Indicators for Assessing Overall IBMS Performance Weighting the (S3) Related Indicators for Assessing Overall IBMS Performance Developing the framework for assessing overall performance of IBMS Chapter Summary viii

9 5 Conclusion & Recommendations Introduction Overview of the research Conclusions Contribution to the knowledge Recommendation for industrial practitioners Direction for further academic researches LIST OF REFERENCES Appendix A: Preliminary Survey (Expert Opinion Survey) Guideline Appendix B: Main Survey Guideline Appendix C: Sample Evaluation Sheet of IBMS Framework ix

10 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 : Basic Elements of Intelligent Buildings Figure 2 : Four Notions of System Intelligence Figure 3 : Integrated Building Pyramid Figure 4 : IBMS within the IB Figure 5 : Conceptual Framework Figure 6 : AHP Hierarchy x

11 LIST OF TABLES Table 1 : Case Study Table 2 : Case Study Table 3 : Case Study Table 4 : Case Study Table 5 : Case Study Table 6 : Summary of Existing IBMS Frameworks and its Focus Table 7 : List of Domains, Criteria & & Indicators Table 8 : Sample Selection Table 9 : Sample Selection Table 10 : Respondents of Preliminary Survey Table 11 : Respondents of Questionnaire Survey Table 12 : Indicators Rejected during the Expert Survey Table 13 : Finalized Criteria & Sub criteria for the Framework Table 14 : Pairwise Comparison of Key Criteria Table 15 : Normalize Comparison of Key Criteria Table 16 : Consistency Calculation of Key Criteria Table 17 : Pairwise Comparison of T1 Related Indicators Table 18 : Normalize Comparison of T1 Related Indicators Table 19 : Consistency Calculation of T1 related indicators Table 20 : Pairwise Comparison of T2 Related Indicators Table 21 : Normalize Comparison of T2 Related Indicators Table 22 : Consistency Calculation of T2 related indicators Table 23 : Pairwise Comparison of T3 Related Indicators Table 24 : Normalize Comparison of T3 Related Indicators xi

12 Table 25 : Consistency Calculation of T3 related indicators Table 26 : Pairwise Comparison of E1 Related Indicators Table 27 : Normalize Comparison of E1 Related Indicators Table 28 : Consistency Calculation of E1 related indicators Table 29 : Pairwise Comparison of E2 Related Indicators Table 30 : Normalize Comparison of E2 Related Indicators Table 31 : Consistency Calculation of E2 related indicators Table 32 : Pairwise Comparison of E3 Related Indicators Table 33 : Normalize Comparison of E3 Related Indicators Table 34 : Consistency Calculation of E3 related indicators Table 35 : Pairwise Comparison of S1 Related Indicators Table 36 : Normalize Comparison of S1 Related Indicators Table 37 : Consistency Calculation of S1 related indicators Table 38 : Pairwise Comparison of S2 Related Indicators Table 39 : Normalize Comparison of S2 Related Indicators Table 40 : Consistency Calculation of S2 related indicators Table 41 : Pairwise Comparison of S3 Related Indicators Table 42 : Normalize Comparison of S3 Related Indicators Table 43 : Consistency Calculation of S2 related indicators Table 44 : IBMS Performance Evaluation Sheet Table 45 : Rating the IBMS based on the points gained xii

13 ABBREVIATIONS IBMS ASHRAE - Integrated Building Management System -American Society of Heating Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers BAS LAN BREEAM - Building Automation System - Local Area Network - Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method HVAC IB LEED IBI CABA - Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning - Intelligent Building - Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design - Intelligent Building Institute - Continental Automated Buildings Association xiii

14 LIST OF APPENDIXES Appendix A: Preliminary Survey (Expert Opinion Survey) Guideline Appendix B: Main Survey Guideline Appendix C: Sample Evaluation Sheet of IBMS Framework xiv