International Conference on Water and Climate "Water Security for Climate Justice" Rabat, July, 2016

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1 International Conference on Water and Climate "Water Security for Climate Justice" Rabat, July, 2016 Workshop on: Dams and climate change RABAT MOROCCO, July 11, 2016 Need to speed the construction of Dams and Reservoirs in Africa for a sustainable development in the context of climate change A D A M A N O M B R E H O N O R A R Y P R E S I D E N T O F I C O L D

2 MAIN PURPOSES OF DAMS AND RESERVOIRS IN AFRICA Max Installed Electric Energy = MW Total Installed Electric Energy = MW Total Annual Energy = GWh/year Among 2312 dams, 388 are multipurpose dams

3 CURRENT CRITICAL SITUATION IN AFRICA

4 MAJOR RIVERS SYSTEMS IN AFRICA River Drainage area, 10 3 Km 2 Length, Km Average discharge at mouth, m 3 /s Runoff volume, Km 3 /year Runoff layer, mm Congo Nile Niger Zambezi Orange Chari Juba Senegal Limpopo Volta Ogowe Rufiji Cuanza

5 Storage capacity (m3) WEAK WATER STORAGE CAPACITY AND AVAILABLITY DAMS RESERVOIR'S STORAGE CAPACITY PER CAPITA FOR SOME COUNTRIES Burkina Faso Morocco South Africa Mali Africa Australia Norh America

6 CHALLENGES OF THE FUTURE IN THE CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGE

7 RESPONDING TO THE INCREASING DEMAND OF WATER, FOOD, ENERGY FOR THE INCREASING AFRICA POPULATION The AFRICA population will reach 2 Billions of Inhabitants by 2030 with more than 50% living in megalopolis and large cities

8 DAMS AND RESERVOIRS AS KEY INFRASTRUCTURES FOR A SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN AFRICA

9 MAINS SDGs GOALS LINK TO WATER Water and sanitation for all End hunger, achieve food security and improve incomes Universal Access to affordable reliable and modern energy TO ACHIEVE THIS TARGET: The energy sector will play a key role by reducing the carbon related source of energy by promoting Hydro and renewable energy like solar wind power and others Water storage for irrigation water supply and sanitation will also play a key role

10 WATER STORAGE FOR FOOD SECURITY IRRIGATION: 18 % ARABLE LAND 40% OF TOTAL WORLD CROPS PRODUCTION. Need to increase the irrigated area from 257 millions of ha in 1998 to 341 millions ha by 2030 Need of water for irrigation will increase from km 3 per year currently to km 3 by 2030

11 AFRICA UNTAPPED HYDRO POTENTIAL : AN OPPORTUNITY TO DEVELOP CLEAN, CHEAP AND RENEWABLE ENERGY THE TOTAL FEASIBLE HYDRO POTENTIAL IN AFRICA IS AROUND TWH WITH ONLY 10% ALREADY DEVELOPPED Hydropower production wolwide is around 3600 TWH representing 16% of the world electricty production Hydropower represent more than 80% of the renewable electricty generation and prevent emission of more than millions tonnes co 2 for energy generation Hydro generation prevent the use of wood fuel in less developped countries and reduce the rate of afforestation and CO2 emission

12 ENERGY STORAGE IN RESERVOIRS WILL EASE THE DEVELOPMENT OF RENEWABLE INTERMITTENT SOURCES OF ENERGY IN AFRICA Subsaharan wind power potentiel is estimated at GW of which only 190 MW have been developped so far

13 AFRICA HUGE SOLAR POWER POTENTIAL OFFER A POSSIBILITY TO INCREASE THE PART OF RENEWABLE ENERGY IN THE AFRICA ENERGY MIX AVERAGE 320 day of sunlight and irradiance level of 2000 KWh per square metre (annually) To generate the current electricity consumption in Subsaharan Africa (200 Gw) will need 7000Km2 of photovoltaic panels less than the Akossombo reservoirs area) LARGE RESERVOIRS ARE OFFERING ENERGY STORAGE CAPACITY TROUGH PUMP STORAGE

14 RESERVOIRS ARE ESSENTIAL FOR MANAGING FLOODS AND DROUGHTS TO IMPROVE RESILIENCE IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE Large and more frequent floods with high loss of life, asset and huge damage to nature Severe and more frequent drought which is resulting in loss of agricultural production, livestock and biodiversity

15 ONGOING PROGRESSES AND TRENDS IN DAM AND RESERVOIRS CONSTRUCTION A NEW ERA FOR DAMS AND RESERVOIRS CONSTRUCTION IS ON THE WAY: - Growing political will and committments - Bilateral and multilateral funding aremore available - Better projects preparation and implementation Leads to Major large and medium projects are under implementation in Africa like in Ethiopia, Uganda, Mozambique, Angola, Morocco, Algeria etc.

16 RESERVOIRS AND STORAGE NEEDS TO ACHIEVE THE AGREED INTERNATIONAL TARGETS Need for additional storage capacity is estimated between 50 to 100% depending on scenarios New projects will be located essentially in tropical and semi-arid areas of the southern hemisphere with high runoff variability Additional storage capacity will combine Multipurpose large and small scale reservoirs planned in a sustainable manner

17 ICOLD IS ENGAGED TO PROVIDE ITS CONTRIBUTION JOINTLY WITH OTHERS INTERNATIONAL STAKEHOLDERS - PUBLICATION OF THE WORLD DECLARATION FOR DAMS AND HYDROPOWER FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF AFRICA - PUBLICATION OF THE WORLD DECLARATION FOR WATER STORAGE FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPEMENT

18 ADOPTION OF THE AFRICA 2013 CONFERENCE FINAL DECLARATION JOINTLY WITH, AQUA-MEDIA, AU, ETHIOPIAN GOVERNMENT, ICID,UNEP,UNECA AND OTHERS INTERNATIONAL EMINENT EXPERTS

19 ICOLD PROVIDE THE KNOWLEDGE BASE AND GUIDANCE TO THE PROFESSION AND DECISION MAKERS AND THE INFORMATION FOR PUBLIC AWARENESS

20 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION