Power to Gas Innovation for the Gas Infrastructure

Transcription

1 Power to Gas Innovation for the Gas Infrastructure 6 th Pipeline Technology Conference 2011 Dr. Jürgen Lenz, Vice-President, DVGW

2 Energy supply requirements are getting complicated Source: "KIC Sustainable Energy Research ; Paper by Professor De Doncker, July 2009

3 Role of gas in the future energy supply system Nuclear energy Power Gas Natural gas Carbon capture Renewables, wind Coal Hydrogen CCGT power plants Biogas - manure, RRM - biomass, wood Synthetic gas (e.g. from coal with carbon capture) Combined heat and power Use of electrical energy and heat

4 Energy supply structures are changing: Vast number of energy sources, especially renewables Vast number of new applications Political reservations, subsidies Increasing volatility Declining demand on heating market Fossil energies, especially gas, will not be a bottleneck because of the huge volumes of unconventional gas New technologies

5 Energy supply structures are changing: Vast number of energy sources, especially renewables Vast number of new applications Political reservations, subsidies Increasing volatility Declining demand on heating market Fossil energies, especially gas, will not be a bottleneck because of the huge volumes of unconventional gas New technologies

6 Political orientation from Meseberg: Gas-fired heating systems Use of power + waste heat Power generation Single-family home Centralise heat supply BHKW Decentralise power supply Power station Decentralised CHP systems: higher potential of intelligent waste heat use

7 Energy supply structures are changing: Vast number of energy sources, especially renewables Vast number of new applications Political reservations, subsidies Increasing volatility Declining demand on heating market Fossil energies, especially gas, will not be a bottleneck because of the huge volumes of unconventional gas New technologies

8 Wind energy in MW Wind power unsuitable for baseload Wind energy fed into grid in Dec / Jan hours Wind fed in: Source: DENA paper at EVU Summit 2010 in Heiligendamm

9 Feed-in profiles for renewable energies Fluctuating levels of renewable energies fed into grid in 2010 (in MW) 70'000 PV Wind-Onshore wind Wind-Offshore wind Onshore wind Offshore wind PV capacity 25 GW 0 GW 10 GW 60'000 50'000 40'000 30'000 20'000 10'

10 Feed-in profiles for renewable energies Fluctuating levels of renewable energies fed into grid in 2030 (in MW) Prognos model data for wind & PV) 70'000 60'000 PV Wind-Onshore wind Wind-Offshore wind Onshore wind Offshore wind PV capacity 35 GW 20 GW 40 GW 50'000 40'000 30'000 20'000 10'

11 Enhancement of wind power requires huge storage capacities Installed ( ) and available renewable capacities (wind & PV) Grid expansion Load management 4 3 Distribution function of generation capacity 2 5 Grid capacity Demand curve Rectangle = annual offtake 1. Electricity demand 2. Load management is close its limits 3. There are limits to network expansion 4. Excess production: Renewable generation capacity is shut down 1 5. Peak-shaving = full use of renewable power Availability in hours per year 8760

12 Stability of power grid requires a parallel structure of central power stations decentralised CHP and micro CHP systems storage systems power conversion systems especially to reduce the peak load electrolysis systems

13 Electrolysis for H2 production from peak wind power: - Known technology; flexibility to be optimised for greater economic viability - To be built at only a few strategic locations in the grid - Much more affordable than grid expansions for peak load if existing infrastructure can be used - Very substantial storage capacity - Very high efficiency if H2 is converted back into electricity using electricity-controlled CHP system with waste heat recuperation - Removes restrictions on further development of renewable electricity sources

14 Intersections between natural gas and power transmission systems Natural gas storage facility Natural gas transmission lines > 60 bar 220 kv power lines 380 kv power lines

15 Ability of natural gas grid to accommodate hydrogen - Estimate - In 2008, the natural gas pipeline system shipped some 1,000 TWh of energy (compared with approx. 540 TWh in electricity grid) Natural gas pipeline system capacities for different scenarios 100% of the wind energy yield (approx. 27 TWh/a) in 2009 would give an average hydrogen content in the natural gas pipeline system of 7.8 vol.% 20 % of the wind energy yield (of approx. 15 TWh/a) acc. to the IECP* target for 2020 assumed to be excess electricity would give an average hydrogen content in the natural gas pipeline system of 4 vol.% * Integrated Energy and Climate Protection Programme

16 Energy supply structures are changing: Vast number of energy sources, especially renewables Vast number of new applications Political reservations, subsidies Increasing volatility Declining demand on heating market Fossil energies, especially gas, will not be a bottleneck because of the huge volumes of unconventional gas New technologies

17 Energy demand in homes 2% 5% Space heating 2% 1% Lighting 1% Electric appliances 9% 2% I&C appliances Power Others Hot water Cooking 78% Source: Prognos 2007 AG 2007

18 * ** *** Changes in primary energy demand due to legal requirements Household electricity Fan electricity Hot water Space heating Source: BEE 2009 Decentralised energy supply - potential for meeting own electricity demand * Building stock ** Thermal Insulation Ordinance *** Energy Conservation Ordinance

19 Heizwärmebedarf von EFH in kwh/m 2 a Heat energy demand of single-family homes in kwh/m²a bis until Heat energy demand Status by floor area distribution (single-family homes) % 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Anteil Floor der area Wohnfläche share Source: BMVBS 2007

20 DVGW Innovation Initiative Gas (natural gas, biogas, H2) is a key element of an integrated energy supply concept with - Use of H2 to stabilise electricity grids - Reduced expansion of electricity transit grids - Electricity-controlled CHP to compensate PV and wind - Incorporation into smart grid- control systems - Intelligent use of waste heat to reduce - scope of insulation measures planned for today s building stock - today s electric appliances for heating water

21 3-level model Macro level: primary energy, utilisation paths Network level: smart grids Heat energy market, residential & commercial users: heating and system integration

22 Convergence of grids at distribution level up to supra-regional transmission Interconnected energy system, especially via CHP Greater use of gas-to-power Use of gas as a flexible element to compensate fluctuating electricity sources Excess electricity is fed into the next voltage level The rules need to be defined!

23 Power generation from gas but with waste heat use! Only gas-to-power will increase natural gas use going forward. This is why it is critically important to develop highly efficient decentralised CHP units with: electricity-controlled concepts for tying CHP into smart grid control systems intelligent and optimised heat integration and waste heat use

24 Further development of CHP technology Natural gas Engine, generator Electricity Export Biogas, H2 Own use Electricity credit 400 C Storage Cold energy / freezer Cooling system <100 C Storage - Highest primary energy efficiency - Electricity generation in line with demand - Replaces battery system Washing machine Dishwasher Domestic hot water Heating system

25 Share of power in total energy demand [kwh el /kwh th ] Development of domestic energy needs Tomorrow's micro-chp systems: Low thermal output, high electrical output e.g. fuel cell Power Stromkennzahl consumption share Today's micro-chp systems: "Power-generating heating systems" e.g. Stirling Passive house Present building stock Old buildings Space heating 50 kwh/(a m²) 220 kwh/(a m²) Hot water 12.5 kwh/(a m²) Power demand 29.5 kwh/(a m²) Total heat demand (space heating + hot water) [kwh/(a m²)]

26 Broad range of CHP systems Example: Wankel engine KKM 351 (with integrated PMG) Single-rotor engine with a combustion chamber volume of 350 cm 3 Ideal for gas operation at (5) kw e. Compact High energy density Robust technology

27 Wankel engine: Dimensions and performance parameters approx. dimension of KKM 150 KKM 150 (with integrated PMG) - Single-rotor engine with a combustion chamber volume of 150 cm³ - Ideal for gas operation at up to approx. 5 kw e. max. length approx. 195 mm

28 Fuel Cells Change of physical principle Combustion process with the limitation of the Law of Carnot Electrochemical reaction without this limitation Therefore the high efficiency of gas conversion to power

29 Fuel cell: SOFC example Power management system Flue incl. waste heat recovery Fuel cell module Gas cleaning Air blower Water treatment Source: CFCL Heinsberg 29

30 Fuel cell: High efficiencies for SOFC technology Source: CFCL Heinsberg 30

31 General conditions and assumptions Extended operating periods for nuclear + lignite + hydropower = 51% of generated power 30 % wind energy by 2020 has political backing The delta will be provided by CHP, CCGT and coal-fired plants Key aspects: - Primary energy efficiency - Flexibility to balance fluctuation (wind, consumption) - Specific investments (overall economics) and costs - Renewable and carbon-reduced share in feedstock 18 million homes (approx. 85 % older than 10 years), 50 % of which have been converted; at approx. 2 kwh per residential unit, this equates to approx. 18,000 MW

32 Intelligent waste heat use for electricity-controlled CHP systems - also allows the use of gas in extremely low-energy homes - allows carbon saving targets to be met more quickly and at lower costs for existing build stock Data for different building types will be available shortly.

33 IGCC process: Gas (H2,CH4) produced from coal can be transported on existing pipelines and be used as a feed for decentralised CHP units Coal O2 from ASU Steam Coal gasification Shift CO+H2O=CO2 +H2 H2,CH4 CO2 sequestration CO2 storage Use of heat & power decentralised CHP Pipeline CCGT plant Electricity

34 Characteristics of the innovative concept for gas and the gas infrastructure: - Gas to play major role for overall energy supply system - Energy supply based on a power grid and a gas grid - H2 electrolysis reduces volatility of the power grid and, in combination with gas grid, provides huge storage capacity - allows greater use of wind power - decentralised efficient (micro)-chp systems - allow compensation of PV on DSO level - use waste heat, which reduces demand for power - intelligent waste heat use helps optimise the economics of of thermal insulation of buildings