Patricia Kotnik University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Economics. Final conference of the ESSLimit project, JRC IPTS, Seville, 9 10 October 2012

Transcription

1 Patricia Kotnik University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Economics Final conference of the ESSLimit project, JRC IPTS, Seville, 9 10 October 2012

2 Motivation: To what extent has ICT use opened up global markets for firms? Does ICT use facilitate export activities of firms?

3 Background (1): Previous research: ICT seems to be relevant, especially for SMEs. A growing body of work studying born globals. Evidence of strong association between ICT use and rapid internationalizers. Strategic use of Internet can be a form of foreign market entry for firms (especially SMEs): Smaller transaction costs compared to physical presence on foreign markets and to indirect links to customers. Possibility to access parallel foreign markets more quickly. Marketing tasks that can be fulfilled through online presence. Reducing liability of newness and foreignness.

4 Background (2): However: Relatively small samples. Focusing on firms from specific sectors. Qualitative based research. Our study: Comparable firm level data, 12 countries, common methodology. Exploratory study. Step 1: Examining the probability of entry into exporting. Step 2: Examining export intensity and export intensity growth.

5 Export regressions (1): Probit model where: indicates a dummy for exports of enterprise i in period t (and in t 1 where past export is used as an explanatory variable), is a set of indicators that includes enterprises resources and other characteristics (productivity, labour quality, size, age, ownership), measures enterprises innovation activity, is a set of ICT use variables, and includes sectoral indicators To avoid possible simultaneity problems we lag all enterprise related characteristics 1 year.

6 Export regressions (2): OLS estimates Two models: Export intensity as a dependent variable. Growth of export intensity as a dependent variable. Two samples: PS EC IS. PS EC. Independently pooled samples period period.

7 Sources of data: Various sources for data on exports: Export dummy Export intensity (value of EX/gross output). Value of exports of goods and services (not for all). ICT use data: Website. E sales. BROADpct. Other sources of data: Production survey variables (incl. HK data). Innovation survey data.

8 Indications from descriptive statistics: (1) Labour productivity of exporters and non exporters, 2009, Elecom

9 Indications from descriptive statistics: (1) Labour productivity of exporters and non exporters, 2009, MexElec

10 Indications from descriptive statistics: (1) Labour productivity of exporters and non exporters, 2009, Market services

11 Indications from descriptive statistics: (2) Proportion of highly skilled human capital of exporters and non exporters, 2009, Elecom

12 Indications from descriptive statistics: (3) Proportion of firms with product innovation, exporters and nonexporters, 2008, Elecom

13 Indications from descriptive statistics: (4) Proportion of broadband Internet enabled employees of exporters and non exporters, 2009, MexElec

14 Indications from descriptive statistics: (4) Proportion of broadband Internet enabled employees of exporters and non exporters, 2009, Market services

15 Indications from descriptive statistics: (4) Proportion of broadband Internet enabled employees of exporters and non exporters, 2009, Elecom

16 Indications from descriptive statistics: (5) Proportion of of exporters and non exporters with e sales, 2009, MexElec

17 Indications from descriptive statistics: (5) Proportion of of exporters and non exporters with e sales, 2009, MServ

18 Indications from descriptive statistics: (5) Proportion of of exporters and non exporters with e sales, 2009, Elecom

19 Indications from descriptive statistics: (6) Export intensities in 2009

20 Estimates of probit model (PSECIS sample, Total economy)

21 Determinants of exporting intensity (PSECIS, Total economy)

22 To conclude: Results seem to imply that ICT use helps firms in entering the foreign markets; however, evidence of contribution to export intensity is mixed. Exploratory analysis; suggestions for further research: Taking into account the contribution of ICT to innovation and productivity. Exploring differences between industries. B2B vs. B2C markets. Specifics of ICT producing industries. Reasons for differences between countries.