DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATIONN OF AUTOMATED PARCEL SORTING MECHANISM USING ARDUINO

Transcription

1 International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 9, Issue 11, November 2018, pp , Article ID: IJCIET_09_ Available online at aeme.com/ijciet/issues.asp?jtype=ijciet&vtype= =9&IType=11 ISSN Print: and ISSN Online: IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATIONN OF AUTOMATED PARCEL SORTING MECHANISM USING ARDUINO Saravanan R Assistant Professor College of Engineering and Technology Sathesh Raaj R Assistant Professor, College of Engineering and Technology Suganya Thevi T Assistant Professor, College of Engineering and Technology, Kasthuri M Assistant Professor, College of Engineering and Technology Karthika K Assistant Professor, College of Engineering and Technology Ashok Kumar S UG Scholar, College of Engineering and Technology ABSTRACT Automating every sector of industry is an important step toward increasing efficiency and reducing human related errors, here we try to automate the sorting process by using Arduino. In many industries job pieces of various sizes are moved on same conveyor belt these need to separate at various locations in the manufacturing line. After completion of manufacturing the products automatically move on the editor@iaeme.com

2 Saravanan R, Sathesh Raaj R, Suganya Thevi T, Kasthuri M, Karthika K and Ashok Kumar S conveyor belts. Sensors at different places sense and detect the job pieces of different sizes. For sensing the material infrared sensors are used. The entire process is controlled by the program dumped in Arduino. The Automatic Sorting Machine is used to sort different types of products or commodities based on the barcode provided on them [3]. This gives a provision to reduce the manual effort and hence human error by replacing the conventional methods of sorting in areas involving hectic sorting. To maintain a better accuracy, Automated Parcel Sorting Mechanism should be implemented [4]. Due to the restricted reach of automation in sorting in these sectors, the thought about automated sorting in such fields ought to be considered with much importance. Thus, to extend the advantages of automated sorting in largescale sectors to the above mentioned sector, a notion of automation has been thought to implement in small-scale sectors [5]. The main objective of this system is to save the time and labor cost. Keywords: Automation, Parcel, Sensors, Sorting Mechanism, Barcode Scanner, Arduino, Conveyor. Cite this Article: Saravanan R, Sathesh Raaj R, Suganya Thevi T, Kasthuri M, Karthika K and Ashok Kumar S, Design and Implementation of Automated Parcel Sorting Mechanism Using Arduino, International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) 9(11), 2018, pp INTRODUCTION Automation can be defined as the technology by which a process or procedure is performed without human assistance. In other words, Automation or automatic control is the use of various control systems for operating equipment such as machinery, processes in factories, boilers and heat treating ovens, switching on telephone networks, steering and stabilization of ships, aircraft and other applications and vehicles with minimal or reduced human intervention. Some processes have been completely automated [4]. Automation has been achieved by various means including mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, electrical, electronic devices and computers, usually in combination. Complicated systems, such as modern factories, airplanes and ships typically use all these combined techniques. The benefit of automation includes labor savings, savings in electricity costs, savings in material costs, and improvements to quality, accuracy and precision. Engineers can now have numerical control over automated devices. The result has been a rapidly expanding range of applications and human activities. Computer-aided technologies (or CAx) now serve as the basis for mathematical and organizational tools used to create complex systems. Notable examples of CAx include Computer-aided design (CAD software) and Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM software). The improved design, analysis, and manufacture of products enabled by CAx has been beneficial for industry. One example of an industrial control system is a programmable logic controller (PLC) [1]. PLCs are specialized hardened computers which are frequently used to synchronize the flow of inputs from (physical) sensors and events with the flow of outputs to actuators and events. Humanmachine interfaces (HMI) or computer human interfaces (CHI), formerly known as manmachine interfaces, are usually employed to communicate with PLCs and other computers [10] editor@iaeme.com

3 Design and Implementation of Automated Parcel Sorting Mechanism Using Arduino 2. EXISTING METHOD The sorting facilities have traditionally been aligned to handling documents and small packets. The existing parcel sorting happens manually either on floor area or on conveyer belts at select locations [2]. The entire parcel processing does not have any Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) which brings down the sorting efficiency. [3] 3. PROPOSED METHOD In many industries sorting the materials of different sizes is difficult. For this purpose we need more human efficiency to sort the materials, so we are using the automated process which is used to sort the materials which are of different sizes. After completion of manufacturing the product they automatically move on the conveyor belts. Here we are using sensors at different places which detect and sense the materials of different sizes. They get sorted at different places based upon their sizes and they are placed in their respected containers or boxes. For sensing the material we are using infrared sensors which are so sensitive. The Proposed System block diagram is shown in Figure.1. Figure 1 Proposed System Block Diagram All these process is controlled and handled by Arduino Microcontroller. Automating every sector of industry is an important step towards increasing efficiency and reducing human related errors, here we try to automate the sorting process by using Controller [7]. The entire process is controlled by the program dumped in Arduino. 4. HARDWARE DESCRIPTION 4.1. Conveyor System Conveyor is used in many industries to transport goods and materials between stages of a process. Using conveyor systems is a good way to reduce the risks of musculoskeletal injury in tasks or processes that involve manual handling, as they reduce the need for repetitive lifting and carrying. Conveyors are a powerful material handling tool. They offer the opportunity to boost productivity, reduce product handling and damage, and minimize labor required in a manufacturing or distribution facility [6]. All lifting and conveying machines can be divided by their operating principles into two large groups: (i) Intermittent motion (ii) Continuous motion Intermittent motion Intermittent motion includes all types of cranes, lifts; surface transport means (trucks, loaders, prime movers), aerial tramways and cable ways, scrappers and the like editor@iaeme.com

4 Saravanan R, Sathesh Raaj R, Suganya Thevi T, Kasthuri M, Karthika K and Ashok Kumar S Continuous motion Continuous motion includes conveyors, pneumatic and hydraulic transport means etc, which may generally called continuous transport machines or conveying machines. There are various types of conveyors available. In our proposed system, belt conveyor is used to transport the parcels to its appropriate destination. A gear motor is a specific type of electrical motor that is designed to produce high torque while maintaining a low horsepower, or low speed, motor output [6]. Gear motors can be found in many different applications and are commonly used in devices such as can openers, garage door openers, washing machine time control knobs and even electric alarm clocks. A belt conveyor with gear motor setup is shown in Figure.2 Figure 2 Conveyor System 4.2. Barcode Scanner A barcode reader (or barcode scanner) is an electronic device that can read and output printed barcodes to a computer. Like a flatbed scanner, it consists of a light source, a lens and a light sensor translating optical impulses into electrical ones. Additionally, nearly all barcode readers contain decoder circuitry analyzing the barcode's image data provided by the sensor and sending the barcode's content to the scanner's output port. Figure 3 Barcode Scanner editor@iaeme.com

5 Design and Implementation of Automated Parcel Sorting Mechanism Using Arduino It is an electronic device that can read the printed barcodes. It consists of a light source, a lens and a light sensor translating optical impulses into electrical pulses. In this paper, we are using Barcode scanner to read the printed PIN codes as barcodes which is shown in Figure IR Sensor An infrared sensor is an electronic device that emits in order to sense some aspects of the surroundings. An IR sensor can measure the heat of an object as well as detects the motion. These types of sensors measures only infrared radiation, rather than emitting it that is called as a passive IR sensor. Usually in the infrared spectrum, all the objects radiate some form of thermal radiations. These types of radiations are invisible to our eyes, which can be detected by an infrared sensor. Figure 4 IR Sensor The emitter is simply an IR LED (Light Emitting Diode) and the detector is simply an IR photodiode which is sensitive to IR light of the same wavelength as that emitted by the IR LED. When IR light falls on the photodiode, the resistances and these output voltages, change in proportion to the magnitude of the IR light received which is shown in Figure Arduino UNO Arduino is an open-source electronics prototyping platform based on flexible, easy-to-use hardware and software. Here we are using Arduino for processing and controlling inputs and outputs. Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware and software. Arduino boards are able to read inputs - light on a sensor, a finger on a button, or a Twitter message - and turn it into an output - activating a motor, turning on an LED, which is shown in Figure.5 Figure 5 Arduino UNO Board editor@iaeme.com

6 Saravanan R, Sathesh Raaj R, Suganya Thevi T, Kasthuri M, Karthika K and Ashok Kumar S 4.5. LCD LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen is an electronic display module and find a wide range of applications. A 16x2 LCD display is very basic module and is very commonly used in various devices and circuits. These modules are preferred over seven segments and other multi segment LEDs. The reasons being: LCDs are economical easily programmable have no limitation of displaying special & even custom characters (unlike in seven segments), animations and so on. Figure 6 LCD Display A 16x2 LCD means it can display 16 characters per line and there are 2 such lines. In this LCD each character is displayed in 5x7 pixel matrix. This LCD has two registers, namely, Command and Data. The command register stores the command instructions given to the LCD which is shown in Figure HARDWARE SETUP The overall hardware setup of proposed System is shown in Figure.7. In the sorting mechanism, the disk drive is connected to PTL when the job pieces are sensed by the IR sensor which is indicated by LED. The disk drive opens to push the parcels to the appropriate destination. Figure 7 Hardware Setup of Proposed Model editor@iaeme.com

7 Design and Implementation of Automated Parcel Sorting Mechanism Using Arduino The disk drive can be operated by the IR Sensor connected to it to locate the appropriate parcel. The Conveyor with DC Gear motor is used for the transportation. 6. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK The Automatic Sorting machine makes sorting process easy, more precise and reliable. In various other places where sorting comes into play predominantly are airports, seaports, small-scale industries, super markets, etc [8]. All these used conventional method of sorting which is manual, tiring, time consuming and often with mistakes. But due to the restricted reach of automation in sorting [10] in these sectors, the thought about automated sorting in such fields ought to be considered with much importance. Thus, to extend the advantages of automated sorting in large-scale sectors to the above mentioned sector, a notion of automation has been thought to implement in small-scale sectors. REFERENCES [1] Y. Liu, Design of automatic control system for waterworks based on PLC, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagation, to be published [2] Berger I, Chevion D, Heilper A, Navon Y, Tzadok A, Tross M, Wallach E, inventors; International Business Machines Corp, assignee. Automatic location of address information on parcels sent by mass mailers. United States patent US 6,360, Mar 19. [3] Automatic Sorting Machine Using Delta PLC, International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering (IJIRAE) ISSN: Volume 1 Issue 7 (August 2014) [4] Automatic letter sorting system for Indian postal address recognition system based on PIN codes, Georgian Electronic Scientific Journal: Computer science and Telecommunications 2010 [5] Automatic Box Sorting Machine Shreeya V. Kulkarni1 Swati R. Bhosale2 Priyanka P. Bandewar3 Prof. G.B.Firame4 IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development Vol. 4, Issue 04, 2016 ISSN (online): [6] Sowmiya D (2013). Monitoring and control of a PLC based VFD fed three phase induction motor for powder compacting press machine. Intelligent Systems and Control (ISCO), 7th International Conference on Digital Object Identifier: /ISCO [7] Oladapo, Bankole I., et al. "Experimental analytical design of CNC machine tool SCFC based on -pneumatic system simulation." Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal 19.4 (2016): [8] Adeoye, A. O. M., A. A. Aderoba, and B. I. Oladapo. "Simulated design of a flow control valve for stroke speed adjustment of hydraulic power of robotic lifting device." Procedia engineering 173 (2017): [9] Bargal, Nilima, et al. "PLC based object sorting automation." International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) 3.7 (2016): [10] Thirumurugan, P., et al. "Automatic sorting in process industries using PLC." Global Research and Development Journal for Engineering 3.3 (2018) editor@iaeme.com