Preliminary results of some forage legume populations cultivated in three different Sardinian environments

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1 Prelimary results of some forage legume populations cultivated three different Sardian environments Vargiu M., Spanu E., Loche F., Salis L. Sulas L. (ed.). Legumes for Mediterranean forage crops, pastures and alternative uses Zaragoza : CIHEAM Cahiers Options Méditerranéennes; n pages Article available on le / Article disponible en ligne à l adresse : To cite this article / Pour citer cet article Vargiu M., Spanu E., Loche F., Salis L. Prelimary results of some forage legume populations cultivated three different Sardian environments. In : Sulas L. (ed.). Legumes for Mediterranean forage crops, pastures and alternative uses. Zaragoza : CIHEAM, p (Cahiers Options Méditerranéennes; n. 45)

2 Prelimary results of some forage legume populations cultivated three different Sardian environments Vargiu, E. Spanu, F. Salis - t.it ~Ummary - of and evaluation of annual legume populations collected studies to the obtaed the of Ussana. Ten populations of Trifoliunz subterraneunt and spp. field plots and by soil-types and altitude. data about adaptability, the given this studies to the value of the tested populations. annual legume populations, adaptability, yield, - Aprés avoir caractérisé et évalué pendant quelqrres années de nombreuses populations de légunzeuses annuelles spontarzées en Sardaigne, il a été nécessaire de conduire d autres essais erz différents milieux pour confirmer les résultats obtenus précéderrrment dans 1 exploitation expérimentale d Ussana. Dix populations de légumeuses annuelles appartenant h l espèce et au genre spp., ont été testés dans trois milieux différents, avec d@érentes caractéristiques pédologiques et altimétriques. Ce travail présente les données de la prernière année d essais sur l adaptation et la production de fourrage et de semences. Les premières données ne pertnettent pas de tirer de conclusions défitives, et demandent donc des études supplémentaires pour confirmer la validité agronomique des populations testées. légumeuses almuelles, adaptation, production fourragère, production de semences The of legumes animal feed and sustaability is well lcnown and documented (Osman et al., 1990). Owg to annual species et al., 1989) legumes to the autumn et al., 1984,) and animal To the quality a common is to cultivate legume ( stand usg seeds some of which have a adaptability et al., 1992, Spanu et al., 1996) a aimed at identifyg and evaluatg the spontaneous of was those populations useful The populations mostly collected belong to the families of Gramaceae and Legumosae. They 4 on benches and open fields at the Ussana The evaluations the biological cycle, disease susceptibility, the and seed et al., 1999). The the legumes, the of Trifolium subterraneum species and of some annual species of This took place at locations by soil and climatic conditions, employg the populations to adaptability. 55

3 The out the at Ussana (150 m a.s.l., 39" Lat. N, typic soil) and San Nicolò (500 m a.s.l., soil), and the (600 m a.s.l., 40" Lat. N, typic soil). block design with 4 and 10 m2 plots was adopted at all locations. Ten populations, of Trifoliuwt subterraneunz subsp. brnchycnlycztm and six of polymorplza, uvabica, orbiczdaris), the last week of The soil was with (100 kg ha-' the ploughg; the sowg-bed was with a and a light The sowg was 15 cm spaced with a plot-sowg mache. The yield was evaluated weightg the each plot and completely each 500 g sub-sample an at the of 65 "C. Seed was evaluated two 0.1 m2 samplg side each plot, evaluatg the of pods, seed and seed weight; the seeds of Trifolium subterraneum populations picked up and above the soil to the ability. statistically with ANOVA model. The was all locations 1). 140 ussana olada San Nicolò Gerrei BO rio ao O 1 - the locations. The annual was 238 mm Ussana, 447 mm 563 mm San Nicolò which is below the location. autumn sowg, no useful was was and when some snowfall and San Nicolò and some sleet Ussana. Ussana, one month sowg, it was decided to with 20 mm due to conditions. This avoided the of the at this location. Lack of autumn delayed all locations became well evident two months sowg. The (see table l) was obtaed San Nicolò with yield data between 2 t ha-' of orbicularis (population 157) and 5 t ha-' of polymorphn (population 86; 24% than Ussana and 87% than The was done Ussana on 15th 1999 polynzorphn populations. this location, the duced the of the vegetative activity, so that, at the begng of the last utilisation of medics was one month advance to the two locations. Ussana Trifoliztm subterraneum 56

4 ~~ (t cut until the day the last a of about 33%. In all locations the most species was the population 74 Ussana and the population 86 and San Nicolò The most populations of Tr$olium subterraneum 61 Ussana and 121 and San Nicolò Table 1 - ield t ha-' at the cutt dates. same not significantly at The highest seed yield, shown table 2, was obtaed San Nicolò it 0.6 t ha-' arabica 93 e 0.2 t ha-' Trqolium subterraneum 121. Among the annual medics, Ussana the populations of po1ynzorph.a showed the highest seed yield, In yolymorplza 2 e arabica 93 the most San Nicolò the most the populations of arabica and orbicularis and polymorpha 74. Amongst the medics the 1000 seed weight changed notably with location; it was Ussana because of the the the phase. Table 2 - Seed at the locations. The of seeds Ussana San Nicolò Seed 1000 seed seed yield seed 1000 seed seed vield 1 Seed 1000 seed Seed vield Annual legumes nopopulation 0.1 m-? weight (g)(t ha-') n" Ö.l m" weight (g) ~ &-') I no 0.1 m-' weight (g) (t hd') 0.53A 3.44A 1546A A 0.33 A C C 3.27A 0.36A 497 A-C C A A 0.53 A 5.13A A-C &l. 579 l A C A A ~ (30) (58) (54) (28) (20) (52) (47) (53) 573 subtenmeum 121 I (27) A (35) 5.10 ' (46) 439, medic and tvifoliuln populations have been ela 57

5 As the Trifoliurn subterraneum populations, the seed yieldwas San Nicolb the 1000 seed weight didn t showed among populations the locations. In Ussana this species the lowest of seeds, San Nicolò the highest among populations. Conclusions The conditions, maly the of the examed populations. San Nicolò two locations, the good soil and the the highest yield. the low soil the conditions and the the yield. The sufficient to the the followg autumn. The examed data that at altitudes the annual legume is limited to late (Spanu et al.). the of plants is maly to that can be obtaed the followg autumn and the cost savg not havg to One dication the need to such as Ussana: this may be at least the (sowg, to avoid the of the sowg and to obta seed with good The of the not sufficient to select the adapted populations the examed it is to study conditions (Cocks, 1988) and to make a with the available the to select suitable populations which adaptable can be obtaed. V. (1984). Some effects of applied and on the of In: of the General of As June Spanu E., (1992). vegetazione e della fitomassa di alcune legumose di Agronomia, suppl. 3, Cocks, (1988). Seed and seed annual medics spp.) Jo~trnal Agricultural Science, 110, Osman A.E., L., Cocks Falcelli (1990). The of legumes lands. In: The role of legumes ifz the fanng system.osman A.E. et al. (eds), Olanda. Talamucci A., L. (1989). della dei pascoli ambienti italiani.. Spanu E., (1996). In: of the 16 General of the Spanu E. (1999). of some species populations collected In: the 4t Herbage Seed Conference,