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1 1/7 09/07/ :24 Life Science LIFS 1010 Appreciation of Biological Sciences [3 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): BISC 001] This course introduces students to the fundamental concepts and principles of biological sciences, including chemical basis of life, cell structure and function, genetics and molecular biology, evolution, origin of life, diversity of life forms and their influence on human, structure and life processes in human, and ecology and environment. The inter-relationships between human, environment and society in daily life will be focused. Exclusion(s): LIFS 1901, LIFS 1902, Level 3 or above in HKDSE 1/2x Biology OR in HKDSE 1x Biology, a passing grade in HKCEE Biology OR HKAL Biology LIFS 1011 Selected Topics in Biology Enrichment Activities [1 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): BIOL 001] This course will engage students in practical training and experience at areas including organic farming, herbal medicines, eco-tour guide service, or environmental-related community service. At the end of the course, students are expected to be enhanced in their exposure to the real-life situation, capability of being responsible citizens, as well as skills of communication, problem solving, team working, and so on. Students can repeat the course for credits if different topics are taken, for up to a maximum of two times. Approval of the course coordinator is needed for students to enroll in this course. Graded P or F. LIFS 1020 Biology of Human Health [3 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): BISC 002] This course introduces the basic biological principles of human health and diseases with an emphasis on the contemporary leading causes of death in Hong Kong and in the world. Topics mainly focus on common and emergent diseases, aging, and the influence of biotechnology, environment and culture on human health. Exclusion(s): Level 3 or above in HKDSE 1/2x Biology or in HKDSE 1x Biology, a passing grade in HKAL Biology, LIFS 1901, LIFS 1902, LIFS 4760 LIFS 1030 Environmental Science [3 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): BISC 003] This course introduces students to the general concepts of environment, natural resources, and sustainable development. The topics include pressing global, regional and local environmental changes; life-supporting systems of our planet; biodiversity and its conservation; atmosphere, water resources, and their pollutions; solid and hazardous waste management; environmental health and sustainable development. Throughout the course, students will gain a sufficient background and a better understanding of the root-causes of the upfront environmental issues. They will also become more aware of their role, as citizens, in environmental protection and sustainable development. LIFS 1050 Biochemistry of Life [3 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): BISC 005] Students of the Division of Life Science cannot take this course to satisfy the common core requirement. This course provides students with an introductory knowledge of basic biological sciences covering evolution, nutrition, genetic information, cell-cell communication, immune system, cancer, and brain function. Besides, the relevance of biochemistry to our health and quality of life will be introduced as well. LIFS 1070 Impact of Biotechnology on Daily Life [3 Credit(s)] Over the past decades, the advent of biotechnology has transformed many aspects of our daily life. The recent deciphering of human genome will bring the relevant biotechnological applications to a new height. This course aims to keep students abreast of recent development in biotechnology and its impact on food supply, medicine, environment and the quality of life as a whole. Ethical and economic issues on biotechnology will also be discussed. LIFS 1080 Disease, Culture and Technology [3 Credit(s)] This course examines the co-evolution of disease, culture, science and technology in the past and present human populations, and explores its future prospects. The emphasis is on the application of basic scientific principles to the understanding of the interplay between diseases and human behavior and innovation. The enquiry-based learning approach is employed. LIFS 1090 Food and Medicine [3 Credit(s)] This course aims to provide the latest in science-based nutrition education and is designed to give students the knowledge, confidence, compassion and skills required to integrate traditional Chinese food as medicine in their daily life. The emphasis is on the application of basic scientific principles to the understanding of how food can become better medicine. The enquiry-based learning approach is employed. LIFS 1901 General Biology I [3 Credit(s)]

2 2/7 09/07/ :24 This course targets science students not having taken HKDSE 1x Biology or AL/AS Biology. It provides students with a general overview of fundamental biology: basic characteristics of life (the chemistry of life, cells), vital life processes (respiration, photosynthesis, genetics), essential concepts of evolution and ecology, and so on. Exclusion(s): Level 3 or above in HKDSE 1x Biology, a passing grade in AL/AS Biology LIFS 1902 General Biology II [3 Credit(s)] This course targets science students who have acquired basic knowledge in fundamental biology through HKDSE 1x Biology, AL/AS Biology or LIFS It functions as a bridging course to prepare the students for further study in life science. Its focus is on human biology, biotechnology and human impacts on the environment. Current examples will be used as well to relate the knowledge to real life issues. Students without the prerequisites but have completed biology course or program at equivalent level may seek instructor s approval for enrollment. Prerequisite(s): LIFS 1901 OR level 3 or above in HKDSE 1x Biology OR a passing grade in AL/AS Biology LIFS 1903 Laboratory for General Biology I [1 Credit(s)] This is a practical course accompanied by the lecture course LIFS It provides students with some basic concepts and some hands-on experience in biological investigation within the areas covered by LIFS The emphasis is on the understanding and application of the scientific principles underlying the experimental designs and procedures. Graded P or F. Exclusion(s): Level 3 or above in HKDSE 1x Biology, a passing grade in AL/AS Biology Corequisite(s): LIFS 1901 LIFS 1904 Laboratory for General Biology II [1 Credit(s)] This is a practical course accompanied by the lecture course LIFS It provides students with some basic concepts and hands-on experience in biological investigation within the areas covered by LIFS1902, including plant biology, human biology and ecology. The emphasis is on the understanding and application of the scientific principles underlying the experiments. Graded P or F. Prerequisite(s): LIFS 1901 OR level 3 or above in HKDSE 1x Biology OR a passing grade in AL/AS Biology Corequisite(s): LIFS 1902 LIFS 2030 Nature of Biochemistry and Biotechnology [3 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): BISC 103] Major classes of biochemical compounds; enzymic catalysis, metabolic pathways; genetic information; genetic coding of protein synthesis, genetic engineering; industrial, medical and agricultural applications of biochemistry. Exclusion(s): LIFS 2210, LIFS 2220 Prerequisite(s): A passing grade in AL Biology - Boyer, Concepts in Biochemistry LIFS 2040 Cell Biology [3 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): BIOL 104] Structure and function of the cell and sub-cellular organelles; from genes to proteins; membrane and cytoskeleton; cell communication and cell signaling; cell cycle and programmed cell death. LIFS 2060 Biodiversity [3 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): BIOL 106] Diversity of life; taxonomy and phylogeny; different kingdoms of living organisms; structure and function; evolution and the generation of biodiversity. LIFS 2080 Plant Biology [3 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): BIOL 108] Structure and life processes in plants; cellular structures; transport of water and nutrients; nutrition and soil; reproduction; photosynthesis; growth and development. Prerequisite(s): LIFS 2210 or LIFS 2040 Corequisite(s): LIFS 2280 (non-major students may be exempted from this corequisite requirement upon departmental approval) LIFS 2210 Introduction to Biochemistry [3 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): BICH 121] Major classes of biochemical compounds; primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures of macromolecules; enzyme kinetics and mechanisms; biosynthesis of DNA and RNA; transfer RNA and protein synthesis. Prerequisite(s): A passing grade in AL/AS Biology OR in AL/AS Chemistry - Mathews and Van Holde, Biochemistry LIFS 2220 Intermediary Metabolism [3 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): BICH 122] Principles of bioenergetics and cellular structures; glycolysis, citric acid cycle, electron transport, oxidative phosphorylation and chemiosmosis; carbohydrate, lipid, amino acid and nucleotide metabolism; photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation. Prerequisite(s): LIFS 2210

3 3/7 09/07/ :24 - Mathews and Van Holde, Biochemistry LIFS 2240 Cell Biology Laboratory [3 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): BIOL 124] Exploration and understanding of both theories and practical techniques in cell biology through tutorials and hands-on experiments. Microscopy, cell culture, cell fractionation; and their applications in studying cell division and gene expression will be covered. Prerequisite(s): A passing grade in AL Biology Corequisite(s): LIFS 2040 LIFS 2280 Plant Biology Laboratory [3 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): BIOL 128] This course is designed to introduce theories and practical techniques used in the current research of plant biology, plant molecular biology and biochemistry to students. Prerequisite(s): LIFS 2210 or LIFS 2040 Corequisite(s): LIFS 2080 LIFS 2720 Introductory Biochemical Laboratory [2 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): BICH 172] Investigation of the properties of enzymes, lipids, carbohydrates and nucleic acids by physicochemical methods and specific assays; purification and quantitation of biochemical compounds by various biochemical techniques. LIFS 2820 Biochemical Laboratory Techniques [1 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): BICH 182] Principles of biochemical techniques including spectrophotometry, column chromatography, electrophoresis, metabolite assay, enzyme assay, nucleic acid isolation and protein isolation. LIFS 3002 Special Topics of Biological Sciences [2-4 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): BIOL 200] This course aims to broaden students' exposure to a broad range of topics within the biological science discipline. Teaching format and course credits will vary, depending on the subject matters to be covered. Prerequisite(s): LIFS 2040 and LIFS 2240 LIFS 3005 Research in Modern Biochemistry A [2 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): BICH 200A] The course is a teaching laboratory course comprising a coherent set of experiments based on a small scale project on selected research topic. Various topics of research project will be offered according to the expertise of three core research groups in the department, namely, Structural Biology, Cellular Regulation, and Biotechnology & Medicinal Biochemistry. The course bears 2 credits and consists of 6 hours of laboratory work per week, which is supplemented with pre-laboratory talks and lectures in-between experiments. It will be taught by Life Science faculty members, with a demonstrator and/or research technician supervising all experiments. Approval of the course instructor is needed for students to enroll in this course. Graded P or F. Prerequisite(s): LIFS 2210, LIFS 2220, LIFS 2720 and LIFS 2820 LIFS 3006 Research in Modern Biochemistry B [2 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): BICH 200B] The course is a teaching laboratory course comprising a coherent set of experiments based on a small scale project on selected research topic. Various topics of research project will be offered according to the expertise of three core research groups in the department, namely, Structural Biology, Cellular Regulation, and Biotechnology & Medicinal Biochemistry. The course bears 2 credits and consists of 6 hours of laboratory work per week, which is supplemented with pre-laboratory talks and lectures in-between experiments. It will be taught by Life Science faculty members, with a demonstrator and/or research technician supervising all experiments. Approval of the course instructor is needed for students to enroll in this course. Graded P or F. Prerequisite(s): LIFS 2210, LIFS 2220, LIFS 2720 and LIFS 2820 LIFS 3010 Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry I [3 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): BICH 201] Replication and roles of nucleic acids in cellular and viral systems; genome organization, vector-host systems, expression and regulation of genes; catalytic RNA, genetic code evolution, RNA modification and processing, and anti-sense systems. Prerequisite(s): LIFS 2210 and LIFS 2220 Corequisite(s): LIFS 3110 and LIFS Mathews and Van Holde, Biochemistry - Lewin, Genes V LIFS 3020 Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry II [3 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): BICH 202] Cell structure; the molecular biology of cell signaling and cell cycle control; oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes; the mechanism of cell division; cell junctions and adhesion; cytoskeleton; programmed cell death. Prerequisite(s): LIFS 3010

4 4/7 09/07/ :24 LIFS 3030 Molecular Biology of the Cell [3 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): BISC 203] Continuation of LIFS 2040; membrane transport; intracellular protein sorting and trafficking; cell signaling; cell adhesion molecules; cell junctions and the extra-cellular matrix; differentiated cells and the maintenance of tissues; specialized cells. Prerequisite(s): LIFS 2210 or LIFS 2040 LIFS 3040 Animal Physiology [3 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): BIOL 202] Structure and life processes in animals; neurophysiology; circulation; respiration; digestion and absorption; metabolism and energy regulation; muscle and movement; endocrinology. Prerequisite(s): LIFS 2210 or LIFS 2040 Corequisite(s): LIFS 3220 (non-major students may be exempted from this corequisite requirement upon departmental approval) LIFS 3060 Microbiology [3 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): BIOL 206] Classification, identification, structure, physiology, and genetics of microorganisms; importance of microorganisms in health, environment, and biotechnology. Prerequisite(s): LIFS 2040 OR LIFS 2060 LIFS 3070 Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry [3 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): BISC 207] An introduction to the principles and applications of biophysical techniques, including ultra-centrifugation, electrophoresis, optical and NMR spectroscopies, scattering and diffraction techniques, and radioisotope labeling and detection techniques. Basic concepts of thermodynamics at the cellular level and chemical kinetics. Prerequisite(s): LIFS 2210 LIFS 3110 Biotechnological Application of Recombinant DNA Techniques [2 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): BICH 211] Basic recombinant DNA technique, DNA transfection, DNA construction. DNA sequencing, PCR, bioinformatic analysis, identification of genes by hybridization. Exclusion(s): LIFS 3120 Prerequisite(s): LIFS 2210 and LIFS 2220 Corequisite(s): LIFS 3010 and LIFS 3210 LIFS 3120 Molecular Biology Techniques [4 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): BISC 212] Introduction to the techniques in Molecular Biology, data analysis and writing laboratory reports. Lectures provide a small component of tailed theoretical background. Tutorials focus on data interpretation, integrating theory and practice and other dry practical skills. Second year BIOL students preferred (3-year curriculum) or third year BCB students preferred (4-year curriculum). Exclusion(s): LIFS 3110, LIFS 3210 Prerequisite(s): LIFS 2210 with grade C+ or above LIFS 3130 Marine Biology [3 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): BISC 213] Survey of the major marine living organisms; their habitat and community structures; trophic interactions and the marine ecosystem. LIFS 3140 General Genetics [4 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): BIOL 211] Principles and mechanisms of heredity and variation; genetic analysis in pro-and eukaryotic organisms. Prerequisite(s): LIFS 2210 LIFS 3150 Biostatistics [3 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): BISC 215] Statistical reasoning relevant to biological, medical and agricultural research, statistical analyses and interpretation, statistical techniques applied under various research circumstances. Exclusion(s): IELM 2510, ISOM 2500, MATH 2411 Prerequisite(s): A passing grade in AL Biology LIFS 3160 Ecology [3 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): BIOL 216] Basic principles and patterns of ecology; population growth; community interaction; ecosystem; ecosphere. LIFS 3210 Principles of Recombinant DNA Technology [1 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): BICH 221] Lecture component of Biochemistry of Nucleic Acids. Plasmid isolation, gene cloning, restriction mapping; DNA sequencing, and identification of genes and gene products by blotting procedures. Exclusion(s): LIFS 3120 Prerequisite(s): LIFS 2210 and LIFS 2220 Corequisite(s): LIFS 3010 and LIFS 3110 LIFS 3220 Animal Physiology Laboratory [3 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): BIOL 222] Physiology is an experimental science and laboratory experience is an important part of the discipline. Students will learn laboratory techniques and develop their powers of observation and data recording to test basic physiological principles. Analytical skill will be emphasized in

5 5/7 09/07/ :24 both the tutorial and lab sessions. Prerequisite(s): A passing grade in AL Biology Corequisite(s): LIFS 3040 LIFS 3240 Introduction to Neurobiology [3 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): BISC 224] An outline of the nervous system, cell biology of neurons and glia, synaptic transmission, functional anatomy, sensory and motor system and homeostasis. Prerequisite(s): LIFS 2040 or LIFS 2210 LIFS 3260 Microbiology Laboratory [3 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): BIOL 226] Tutorial and practical instruction on cultivation, differentiation, and identification of microorganisms, determination of microbial numbers, sterilization, disinfection, antimicrobials, and the prevalence of microorganisms in the body and environment will be covered. Prerequisite(s): LIFS 2210 Corequisite(s): LIFS 3060 LIFS 3330 Marine Biology Laboratory [3 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): BISC 233] Both laboratory and field investigations will provide the opportunity to apply and adapt the experimental methods developed here to specific groups of marine organisms, diversified marine habitats, and practical issues in marine/environmental science. Tutorial sessions and field trips will be used to enhance student's understanding of the practical work and the theories covered in the lectures. Corequisite(s): LIFS 3130 LIFS 3510 Molecular Genetics Research Project I [2 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): BIOL 251] This research intensive course trains students to acquire hands-on experience in conducting molecular genetics research of exploratory nature using model organisms as the research material. The training includes the handling and culturing of organisms/cells for genetic analysis, genetic manipulation of cells/animals/plants, phenotypic characterization by molecular, cellular and genetic means, microscopy, image processing and bioinformatic analysis. Each student will be conducting an independent project under the guidance of the instructor and teaching assistants on an one-on-one basis to ensure broad exposure and experience gained in a research laboratory setting. For MBMS first and second year students (special approval is required for non-mbms students.) Approval of the course instructor is needed for students to enroll in this course. Graded P or F. Prerequisite(s): LIFS 2040 and LIFS 2240 LIFS 3520 Molecular Genetics Research Project II [2 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): BIOL 252] The course is an extension of the LIFS For MBMS first and second year students (special approval is required for non-mbms students). Approval of the course instructor is needed for students to enroll in this course. Graded P or F. Prerequisite(s): LIFS 3510 LIFS 3530 Molecular Genetics Research Project III [2 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): BIOL 253] The course is an extension of the LIFS For MBMS first and second year students (special approval is required for non-mbms students.) Approval of the course instructor is needed for students to enroll in this course. Graded P or F. Prerequisite(s): LIFS 3510 and LIFS 3520 LIFS 4060 Immunobiology [3 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): BISC 306] Cellular, biochemical and genetic basis of immunity; cells in immune response, antigens and antigen recognition; antibodies and the generation of diversity; major histocompatibility complex; cell mediated immune response; regulation of immune response; autoimmunity, tissue transplantation and rejection. Prerequisite(s): LIFS 2040/2210, and LIFS 3140 LIFS 4090 Developmental Biology [3 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): BISC 309] Processes of cellular and tissue differentiation, early and late embryonic development spanning from molecular, cellular, organ to organismal levels; reproduction, fertilization, gastrulation, neurulation, axis formation, body patterning, cellular communication, short and long range signaling, sex determination, aging, environmental influence and evolutionary significance of different regulatory mechanisms. Prerequisite(s): LIFS 2040 OR LIFS 2210 LIFS 4140 Tumor Biology [3 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): BISC 314] Fundamentals in the epidemiology, etiology and treatment of cancers; basic mechanisms of carcinogenesis. Prerequisite(s): (LIFS 2040 OR 2210) AND LIFS 3140 LIFS 4150 Plant Biotechnology [3 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): BISC 315] Current status and future potential of Biotechnology, with emphasis on the fundamentals of plant molecular biology and biotechnology. Using examples of marketable products from food industry, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and agricultural fields. The role of basic research in the development and production biotechnology products will be described. Prerequisite(s): (LIFS 2040 OR

6 6/7 09/07/ :24 LIFS 2210) AND LIFS 3140 LIFS 4170 Advanced Molecular Genetics [3 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): BISC 317] Recent advances in molecular biology; eukaryotic transcription, RNA processing and translation, molecular genetics of bacterial, yeast, invertebrate and vertebrate systems; gene mapping and gene therapy. Prerequisite(s): LIFS 3030 OR LIFS 3110 OR LIFS 3120 LIFS 4190 Advanced Cell Biology [3 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): BISC 319] Recent advances in the study of cellular structure and function; molecular mechanisms of cell function; cell division and cell cycle; cell-cell signaling; molecular and cellular control in small eukaryotes; control of cell differentiation and morphogenesis. Prerequisite(s): LIFS 3020 or LIFS 3030 LIFS 4360 Aquaculture Biotechnology [3 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): BISC 336] Overview of aquaculture as a food production method and as a business. Examples of cultured species. Aquaculture biology and practices: breeding, larval rearing, nutrition, genetics and sex control. Problems and prospects: diseases, redtides and toxins. Prerequisite(s): LIFS 3160 or LIFS 3130 LIFS 4380 Pharmacology and Toxicology [3 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): BISC 338] Fundamental concepts of drug action and toxicity; clinically useful agents in central and peripheral disorders; toxicology of drugs and agents that are hazardous to living organisms. Prerequisite(s): LIFS 3040 or LIFS 3060 LIFS 4540 Structure and Function of Proteins [3 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): BISC 354] Determination of protein sequences and three-dimensional structures; relationship between structure and function; principles of protein design and engineering; molecular, biochemical and genetic approaches to study protein function and regulation. Prerequisite(s): LIFS Creighton, Proteins, Structures and Molecular Properties LIFS 4550 Biochemistry of Nutrition [3 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): BISC 355] The biochemistry of major food ingredients including proteins, oil, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals; functional and nutritional properties will be emphasized. LIFS 4580 Bioinformatics [3 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): BISC 358] Frontier knowledge in bioinformatics. From the fundamental data mining, to the advanced topics in evolutionary analysis, protein structure prediction and genomics study. Both basic and applied aspects of bioinformatics will be explored in this course. Prerequisite(s): LIFS 2210 LIFS 4620 Advanced Biological Chemistry [3 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): BISC 362] Advanced studies of biological macromolecules; functional genomics and proteomics; laboratory techniques in modern biochemistry; milestone discoveries in biochemistry. Prerequisite(s): LIFS 2210 LIFS 4630 Advanced Topics in Biotechnology [3 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): BISC 363] Principles and roles of various disciplines in biotechnology, including manipulation of various cell types, gene expression, immunochemistry, protein engineering, downstream processing, cell and enzyme immobilization, and fermentation; case studies in the development and applications of biotechnology. Prerequisite(s): LIFS 3110 or LIFS 3120 LIFS 4660 Biotechnology Seminar [4 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): BICH 366] An in-depth reading and analysis by the student of selected facets of biotechnology leading to the submission of a written report, and its presentation in a seminar. Approval of the course instructor is needed for students to enroll in this course. LIFS 4760 Biochemistry of Diseases [3 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): BISC 376] This course covers the clinical manifestations, physiology, pathophysiology and treatment of common human diseases, with focus on the underlying biochemical basis of the diseases and treatment. Prerequisite(s): LIFS 1901 OR LIFS 1902 OR LIFS 2040 OR LIFS 2210 LIFS 4910 Independent Study [1-4 Credit(s)]

7 7/7 09/07/ :24 [Previous Course Code(s): BIOL 391] The course will cover review topics restricted to life sciences. Enrolled students will conduct research project or literature review exercise on a mutually agreed topic under the supervision of a faculty member. For third year LIFS students and visiting interns only. Approval of the course instructor is needed for students to enroll in this course. Graded P or F. Exclusion(s): LIFS 4960, LIFS 4970, LIFS 4971, LIFS 4981 LIFS 4950 Neurochemistry [3 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): BISC 395] Introduction to the molecular understanding of brain function, building upon the basis of biochemistry and biology. Four specific themes are covered: (i) structural neurochemistry and neural membranes; (ii) synapses, transmitters and receptors; (iii) cellular and (iv) medical and behavioral neurochemistry. Prerequisite(s): LIFS 2210 LIFS 4960 Summer Project Research [2 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): BIOL 396] Project Research in one of the Biology research laboratories under supervision of a faculty member; final report. Approval of the course instructor is needed for students to enroll in this course. Exclusion(s): LIFS 4910 LIFS 4970 Project Research I [4 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): BIOL 397] Project research in one of the Life Science research laboratories under the supervision of a faculty member; report. Students who select to register in LIFS 4970 must also register in LIFS Approval of the course instructor is needed for students to enroll in this course. Exclusion(s): LIFS 4910 LIFS 4971 Biochemical Research I [3 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): BICH 397] A research project conducted under faculty supervision: design of experiments, analysis of data, submission of a written report. Approval of the course instructor is needed for students to enroll in this course. Prerequisite(s): LIFS 3010 and LIFS 3110 LIFS 4972 Biomedical Sciences Research Project I [3 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): BISC 397] A research project conducted either in the Division of Life Science or the Chemistry department under the supervision of a faculty member. This course is for MBMS students only. Students are expected to also register for LIFS Approval of the course instructor is needed for students to enroll in this course. Exclusion(s): LIFS 4971, LIFS 4970, CHEM 4680 LIFS 4980 Project Research II [4 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): BIOL 398] Project research in one of the Life Science research laboratories under the supervision of a faculty member; report; seminar presentation. Approval of the course instructor is needed for students to enroll in this course. Exclusion(s): LIFS 4910 Prerequisite(s): LIFS 4970 LIFS 4981 Biochemical Research II [4 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): BICH 398] A research project conducted under faculty supervision: design of experiments, analysis of data, submission of a written report and presentation of a seminar. Approval of the course instructor is needed for students to enroll in this course. Prerequisite(s): LIFS 4971 LIFS 4982 Biomedical Sciences Research Project II [3 Credit(s)] [Previous Course Code(s): BISC 398] A research project which may be conducted either in the Division of Life Science or the Chemistry department under the supervision of a faculty member: design of experiments, analysis of data, submission of a written report and seminar or poster presentation. This course is for MBMS students only. Approval of the course instructor is needed for students to enroll in this course. Exclusion(s): CHEM 4688, LIFS 4980, LIFS 4981 Prerequisite(s): LIFS 4972