Grain: World Markets and Trade

Transcription

1 ember 2018 Department of Agriculture Foreign Agricultural Service Grain: World Markets and Trade s Exports of Corn-based Products Rise Corn-based Product Exports (Oct-Sep; unconverted product weight) Million Tons / / / / /1 201/ /18* * 2017/18 's trade data (in Chinese) do not list exports of corn-based products. Thus, importers' data are used in lieu of 's exports. Corn Starch Residue of starch Sweeteners Citric acid Lysine & Glutamic acid and the have been top exporters of corn-based products 1. In 2017/18 s exports of these products have grown nearing million tons, roughly equivalent to 10-1 million tons of unprocessed grain corn. South Korea, Indonesia, the Philippines, Malaysia, and the have been top destinations for these products. While is not competitive on corn exports due to higher domestic prices relative to world levels, it appears that the country is competitive in the corn-based product market. already has ample wet milling (so-called deep processing ) capacity established years ago when the government singled out corn processing as a key industry and stressed developments of value-added supply chains. Similarly, there have been support programs that include subsidies for purchasing corn aimed at industrial processors and support in the form of refunds of value-added tax for exports of corn-based products. Moreover, because of limited competition in global trade of corn-based products, benefits from proximity to its key markets. For the, corn-based products are exported mainly to, Mexico, and other countries in the Western Hemisphere. 1. Lysine and glutamic acid includes HS and 29222; Citric acid are HS and 29181; Sweeteners include HS170230, , and ; Residue of starch is HS ; and Corn starch is HS Approved by the World Agricultural Outlook Board/USDA For subscription, click here to register:

2 Table of Contents World Markets and Trade: Commodities and Data WHEAT... 3 RICE... 9 COARSE GRAINS ENDNOTES DATA TABLES The Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) updates its production, supply and distribution (PSD) database for cotton, oilseeds, and grains at 12:00 p.m. on the day the World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates (WASDE) report is released. This circular is released by 12:1 p.m. To download the tables in the publication, go to Production, Supply and Distribution Database (PSD Online): scroll down to Reports, and Click the plus sign [+] next to Grains. FAS Reports and Databases: Current World Markets and Trade and World Agricultural Production Reports Archives World Markets and Trade and World Agricultural Production Reports Production, Supply and Distribution Database (PSD Online) Global Agricultural Trade System (U.S. Exports and Imports) Export Sales Report Global Agricultural Information Network (Agricultural Attaché Reports) Other USDA Reports: World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates (WASDE) Economic Research Service National Agricultural Statistics Service Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 2 ember 2018

3 OVERVIEW FOR WHEAT Global wheat production is nearly unchanged this month as larger crops for and Mexico mostly offset a reduction for Australia. Global import demand is little changed. Higher exports for Russia partially offset cuts to Australia and the. The U.S. season-average farm price is raised $0.0 to $.1 per bushel. WHEAT PRICES Domestic: Wheat prices were up at the end of ember due to improved export demand and unfavorable weather in some exporting countries. Hard Red Winter (HRW) gained $/ton to $239 due to a slow pace of new-crop plantings, while Soft Red Winter (SRW) rose $9/ton to $223 driven by confirmation of sales to Egypt. Soft White Winter (SWW) was little changed at $237/ton. Hard Red Spring (HRS) gained $7/ton to $ U.S. Daily FOB Export Bids $/MT HRW SRW SWW HRS Source: IGC Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 3 ember 2018

4 Global: Exporter quotes were mixed in ember, but mostly rangebound. Argentine, Australian, and Black Sea prices were down, while Canadian, EU, and U.S. quotes were up. Argentina has begun harvesting what is estimated to be a record crop, pushing prices lower. Australia s quotes have come down slightly with harvest progressing, but its export prices remain uncompetitive as the crop is significantly reduced by drought. U.S. and Canadian prices are up on strong international demand. Black Sea, EU, Argentine, and U.S. quotes are currently within a very narrow range. Month Ending Argentina Australia Black Sea EU US ember $219 $31 $226 $269 $231 $239 October $22 $322 $228 $26 $228 $23 September $230 $320 $227 $263 $237 $237 Month Ending Prices for Major Wheat Exporters Source: IGC Note on FOB prices: Argentina- 12.0%, up river; Australia- average of APW; Fremantle, Newcastle, and Port Adelaide; Black Seamilling; - CWRS 13.% St. Lawrence; EU- France grade 1, Rouen; US- HRW 11.% Gulf International Daily FOB Export Bids $/ton Argentina Australia Black Sea milling EU Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA ember 2018

5 MARKET FEATURES By-Class Summaries: Hard Red Winter Hard Red Winter (HRW) is the largest class of U.S. wheat, representing about 0 percent of production and 3 percent of exports. Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas are the major producing states of this class. It is used to make general-purpose flour for many products including bread, rolls, and flat breads. As a winter wheat, it is planted in the autumn, goes dormant during the winter months, emerges from dormancy in spring, and is harvested in early summer. Mexico is normally the largest buyer of this class, but it is also exported to other destinations in Latin America, Asia, and Africa. HRW Exports Behind Pace, but Expected to Improve The pace of HRW exports so far has been below average and will need to accelerate to reach the current export 120% forecast of 8.7 million tons (320 million % bushels). As of ember 29, HRW total commitments (accumulated exports plus 80% outstanding sales) are down one-third compared to last year. Commitments to 60% Mexico and Nigeria in particular are down from last year, but have begun to improve 0% in recent weeks. This class has been the most heavily impacted by international 20% competition this year as Russia s robust 0% pace of exports has left little demand for HRW outside of typical customers. However, Russia s export pace is expected to slow in the coming months as exportable supplies taper off. This would provide an opportunity for HRW exports as this class of wheat fits a similar demand profile when it is priced competitively. HRW Closing the Price Gap with Russia Russia s prices were very low at the time of its winter wheat harvest in July and August. At that time, Russia s supplies were plentiful based on large carryin and the third-largest crop on record. Russia s price advantage has greatly diminished since then as those supplies have become tighter amid an frenetic pace of exports. This improving price competitiveness for U.S. wheat, combined with the recent pickup in export sales, is an indicator of a changing competitive dynamic. $/MT *Note: At the end of the year, total commitments as reported in USDA s Export Sales Reporting do not add up to percent of total exports due to differences in data sources, sales that are delayed to the next marketing year, and inclusion of flour and products U.S. HRW Total Commitments as a Percentage of Final Export Estimate* 13/1 1/1 1/16 16/17 17/18 18/19 Average Monthly FOB Spread Between Russia and U.S. HRW** 2017/18 **Note: This is calculated based on the monthly averages of IGC quotes - this compares U.S. 11.% protein HRW at the Gulf with 12.% protein Black Sea Milling wheat. Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA ember 2018

6 By-Class Summaries: Hard Red Spring Hard Red Spring (HRS) is the second largest class of U.S. wheat, typically accounting for about 2 percent of production. It is a high-protein, high-gluten wheat used in making rolls, bagels, and pizza crust. HRS is also used to improve protein content in flour blends. North Dakota is the leading producer of this class of wheat. HRS is a spring wheat variety, which means that it is planted during the spring and harvested in late summer. HRS is sought after for its quality characteristics and generally commands a price premium over other classes. Typically, the majority of HRS exports go to Asian markets such as the Philippines, Japan, and. HRS Exports Expected to Rebound in U.S. HRS exports are expected to reach a robust 8.2 million tons 9.0 (300 million bushels), up 31 percent from last year and above 8.0 the -year average. Total 7.0 commitments of this class as of ember 29 are up 6 percent 6.0 from last year. This year, HRS.0 exports to have dropped.0 off completely based on the retaliatory duties placed on U.S. 3.0 wheat. Exports to Latin America 2.0 are down from last year based on strong competition from 1.0 in several key markets. 0.0 However, demand has been strengthening in other countries such as the Philippines and Bangladesh. Million Tons HRS Exports To Date* Accumulated Exports Outstanding Sales Rest of Year *USDA Export Sales Reporting Data as of Week 26 As Australian Crop Withers, Buyers Turn to the and The primary competition for U.S. HRS exports to much of the Asia-Pacific region comes from and Australia. s exports are forecast to reach 2.0 million tons, the second-highest on record. In addition to filling in for Australia s diminished presence in the Asia region, is in a prime position to fill in for reduced U.S. exports to. is the largest competitor for U.S. HRS with much of its exports being a similar type of high-protein spring wheat. It is atypical that U.S. HRS would have strong exports while also has near-record shipments, but it is possible this year in light of strong Asian demand and weakened competition from Australia. Australia has much tighter supplies this year due to a severe drought, so buyers have had to turn to other suppliers to meet demand. Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 6 ember 2018

7 By-Class Summaries: Soft Red Winter Soft Red Winter (SRW) is the third-largest class of U.S. wheat production, often accounting for 1-20 percent of the total wheat crop. SRW is a high-yielding class used to produce cookies, crackers, cakes, and some bread products. SRW production is dispersed through several states along the eastern half of the. In recent years, most of the SRW crop has been used domestically. While generally less expensive than HRW, it is often still uncompetitive with EU and Black Sea wheat, while not commanding the quality premium that is seen for HRW. SRW Export Pace Picking Up SRW exports are forecast at 3. million tons (130 million bushels), up more than 0 percent from last year. Total commitments, however, are only up slightly from a year ago. Sales have been slow and steady throughout much of the year, but picked up in recent weeks based on successful bids in Egypt s GASC tenders. At FOB prices, SRW is now selling at a discount to Black Sea wheat, which should allow for at least a small amount of exports to continue into North Africa in addition to sales to typical buyers such as Mexico. 120% % 80% 60% 0% 20% 0% U.S. SRW Total Commitments as a Percentage of Final Exports 13/1 1/1 1/16 16/17 17/18 18/19 By-Class Summaries: White White wheat is the fourth largest class of U.S. wheat production, typically accounting for 10-1 percent of the total U.S. crop. There are a few types of white wheat, but the most common is a soft winter wheat used in Asian-style noodles and confectionary products. It is primarily grown in Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. Roughly two-thirds of the white wheat crop is destined for export, with most of those shipments going to Asian markets. White Wheat Exports Forecast at Highest Level in More Than 20 Years U.S. white wheat exports are White Wheat Exports To Date* forecast at.3 million tons ( million bushels), up 1 percent from.0 last year and the highest since 1996/97. However, sales to date.0 are actually down from a year ago, 3.0 mainly due to lost sales to. Exports are expected to pick up in 2.0 the coming months based on strong 1.0 demand from Asian countries. Drought in Australia, the main 0.0 competitor for U.S. wheat in the region, should push more demand to U.S. white wheat. Million Tons Accumulated Exports Outstanding Sales Rest of Year *USDA Export Sales Reporting Data as of Week 26 Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 7 ember 2018

8 MARKET FEATURES Record Pace of Russian Wheat Exports Russia s exports are projected down from last year s record based on smaller exportable supplies. However, its export pace currently is actually stronger than last year. With massive supplies and a price advantage, Russian wheat has dominated the global market for several months. The forecast for Russia s exports is raised this month to 36. million tons, but monthly shipments are still expected to slow as winter arrives and supplies become tighter. As this occurs, the U.S. export pace will likely pick up as its pricing becomes more competitive. Recognizing that large carryin stocks are a significant reason for the robust early pace of shipments, Russia s 2017/18 feed and residual has been trimmed 1.0 million tons to 20.0 million and beginning stocks are boosted by the same amount. Russia's Monthly Exports off to a Blistering Start in 3 MMT Jul Aug Sep Oct Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun 201/ / /18 * *Jul and Aug data are official; Sep and Oct are estimates TRADE CHANGES IN (1,000 MT) Country Attribute Previous Current Change Reason Iran Imports Limited trade to date Iraq Imports 3,00 3, Rapid pace of shipments Australia Exports 11,00 10,00-1,000 Smaller crop, uncompetitive pricing, and strong domestic feed demand European Union Exports 23, ,000 Limited exports to date resulting from strong competition from Russia Iran Exports Slow pace Russia Exports 3,000 36,00 1,00 Record exports in recent months Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 8 ember 2018

9 RICE OVERVIEW FOR Global rice production is raised as higher estimated production for Nigeria and Nepal is partially offset by lower production in Australia and Thailand. Global consumption and ending stocks are forecast higher, mainly due to changes in Nigeria. Trade is reduced on lower purchases by Indonesia and Nigeria. RICE PRICES Global: Export quotes from the Western Hemisphere remained stable over the past month, with U.S. quotes at $0/ton and Uruguay quotes at $20/ton. Likewise, Asian suppliers were broadly steady. Vietnamese quotes slid slightly to $06/ton and converged closer to Thai quotes at $39. Pakistani quotes dropped to $36/ton on new crop availability, whereas Indian quotes rose slightly from its 2-year low to $370/ton Weekly FOB Export Quotes: Last 12 Months $/MT Thailand Vietnam India Pakistan Uruguay *Note on FOB prices: Thailand - B, India - %, Vietnam - %, Pakistan %, - #2/ (long grain), Uruguay - % Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 9 ember 2018

10 MARKET FEATURES Nigeria: A Significant Rice Importer Over the past several years, the Nigerian government has been promoting the concept of greater self-sufficiency in rice by supporting the local production and aiming to curtail foreign trade. Nigeria is the top rice producer in Africa. Recent public and private investments have resulted in the area expanding for the main season and dry-season crops, and yields have risen modestly. However, consumption has also been steadily expanding as well. The country has a high population growth rate and dietary patterns for the increasingly urban population shifting from traditional roots and tubers to include more grains such as rice. The government has imposed various measures, from increased tariffs to restrictions on the use of foreign exchange to limitations on transport across land borders, in an attempt to reduce the quantity imported. These have been effective to some extent, with the direct importation of rice into Nigerian ports down sharply. Meanwhile, less direct and more circuitous routes have augmented and sustained Nigeria s imports. The skyrocketing imports of parboiled rice into ports of nearby countries where parboiled rice is not traditionally consumed has pointed to the increasing role of transshipments in Nigerian rice importation. Markets in major cities offer ample amounts of imported Thai and Indian parboiled rice, whereas locallyproduced rice is more limited, given high internal transportation costs to move production from the north into the southern port cities. The USDA estimate for Nigeria s 2018 imports is revised down based on updated trade data, and the forecast for 2019 imports is also adjusted lower this month. Nonetheless, year-to-year import growth is still anticipated as consumption continues to climb. Nigerian Rice Imports Million Metric Tons Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 10 ember 2018

11 U.S. Market Share in CAFTA-DR Slips Amid South American Competition The Central American countries Honduras, Nicaragua, Guatemala, Costa Rica, El Salvador, as well as the Dominican Republic, comprise a steadily growing rice market that is the scene of intense competition among Western Hemisphere suppliers. Over the past decade, consumption in the region has risen and yet domestic production has seen noteworthy gains, especially in the Dominican Republic, Nicaragua, and Honduras. As such, the imports for this region have experienced modest growth over the same period. The secured preferential access to these countries through the Central American-Dominican Republic Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR) which entered into force in 2006 and The agreement involves diminishing tariffs and rising tariff-rate quotas (TRQs), however, to date not all of the TRQs are being filled consistently. Since CAFTA-DR implementation, the share of U.S. rice imported into the region has fallen. The nearly exclusive market share the once held has been eroded by two key players. First of all, the regional agreement has been successful in increasing trade among Central American countries and the Dominican Republic. Additionally, South American suppliers (especially Brazil, Uruguay, and Argentina) have become more aggressive in meeting the high quality standards of this region. Consumption and Production in Central America and the Dominican Republic MMT Milled Equivalent Production Consumption and Residual Imports by Central America and the Dominican Republic by supplier 0 MT Milled Equivalent Central America South America Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 11 ember 2018

12 Australian Rice Exports to Slump to Lowest Level in a ade Australian Rice Production and Trade Million Metric Tons Milled Production Imports Exports Amid an exceptionally dry planting period, Australia producers severely reduced rice planted area. The crop is set to only produce just over,000 tons milled rice when it is harvested in early As a result, Australia is forecast to see exports plummet over 80 percent to 0,000 tons and will become a net importer for only the fifth time on record. Australia s imports are largely Asian-supplied long-grain and are expected to edge up slightly and have a minor global market effect. However, this development will have a critical impact in the medium-grain market. Australia is typically a key supplier to Asia, Oceania, and the Mediterranean region. As traditional top exporter of medium -grain rice, the is likely to compensate for some of the Australian deficit. In addition, has also begun to expand market share to mediumgrain markets at very competitive prices. TRADE CHANGES IN 2019 (1,000 MT) Country Attribute Previous Current Change Reason Indonesia Imports 1, Sufficient carryin stocks Nigeria Imports 3,000 2, Higher estimated domestic production Australia Exports Significantly smaller crop Thailand Exports 11,000 10, Lower production and reduced demand in key markets TRADE CHANGES IN 2018 (1,000 MT) Country Attribute Previous Current Change Reason Imports,000, Reduced purchases from neighboring countries Nigeria Imports 2,600 2, -00 Larger domestic production Burma Exports 3,000 2, Pace of trade to date Vietnam Exports 7,000 6, Reduced sales to nearby markets Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 12 ember 2018

13 COARSE GRAINS OVERVIEW FOR Global corn production is up marginally this month as larger crops for the and Ukraine more than offset reductions for and South Africa. Global trade is larger, driven by greater imports for, Colombia, Japan, and Vietnam. Exports are higher for Brazil and Ukraine. The U.S. season-average farm price is unchanged at $3.60 per bushel. CORN PRICES Global: Corn prices have trended up since the previous WASDE on strong global demand. Argentina bids were up $/ton to $167, and Brazil bids jumped $10/ton at $178 reflecting stronger domestic prices. Black Sea bids are unchanged at $166, despite strong European Union demand, reflecting ample new-crop supplies in the region. U.S. bids rose steadily by $/ton to $170 on strong foreign demand. 220 Corn Daily FOB Export Bids $/MT Argentina - Corn Brazil - Corn US - Corn Black Sea - Corn Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 13 ember 2018

14 MARKET FEATURE U.S. Corn Exports to East Asia Surge in 1 st Quarter Million Tons YTD (Sep-) Shipments Million Tons West Coast* Shipments by Month /18 1 East Asia Middle East and North Africa Other North America Central and South America According to the USDA Foreign Agricultural Service Export Sales Reporting data, early-season shipments of corn to East Asia (Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan) have been exceptional, supporting a strong start to the marketing year. The latest information shows that accumulated shipments this marketing year have reached nearly 16 million tons, near-doubling that of a comparable time from a year ago. Among these exports, shipments to East Asian destinations account for almost million tons, which is 30 percent of all exports from August to the end of ember. In contrast, last year s accumulated exports to East Asian buyers at Week 13 of MY2017/18 was 1.3 million tons. The main reason for this increase is the competitiveness of corn. First, the global availability of corn, boosted by record crops, has increased its overall competitiveness. Corn demand as feed, over other feed grains such as wheat and barley, has grown globally including East Asia. Second, unlike last year, U.S. corn is competitive compared to Brazil, which is a key supplier in East Asian markets. A smaller-than-expected corn crop, combined with logistical challenges stemming from soybean exports to dominating ports, has made seasonal corn shipments from Brazil to key markets uncharacteristically slow. Third, on the domestic side, U.S. soybean exports from the Pacific Northwest to have been minimal this year and are opening opportunities for corn exporters looking across the Pacific. Because of these factors, first quarter corn exports to East Asia are boosted nearly four times to what they were in Total commitments are ahead-of-pace with strong shipments. However, the pace of outstanding sales has been slower than a year ago, reflecting rebounding competition from South America, and record supplies in Ukraine. Regardless, a strong first quarter performance bodes well for U.S. corn exporters. * West Coast is defined as West Coast Customs Districts Corn 2017 Soy 2018 Corn 2018 Soy Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 1 ember 2018

15 TRADE CHANGES IN (1,000 MT) Country Commodity Attribute Previous Current Change Reason Australia Barley Exports, Smaller Crop Brazil Corn Exports 26,00 1,00 Expectations of larger shipments during the fall of 2018 Corn Imports 00 1, Smaller crop, strong pace Reflects smaller supplies in Barley Imports 9,00 9, exporting countries Oats Imports Smaller supplies in Australia Colombia Corn Imports,200, Stronger feed use European Union Oats Exports Pace to date Iran Corn Imports 9,000 9,00 00 Higher demand on competitiveness relative to other feedstuffs Japan Corn Imports 1,000 1,00 00 Higher demand on competitiveness relative to other feedstuffs Libya Corn Imports Adjustment based on previous year changes Mexico Corn Exports 1,00 1, Adjustment based on 2017/18 Ukraine Corn Exports 27,000 28,000 0 Larger crop Venezuela Corn Imports 1,600 1, Adjustment based on 2017/18 Vietnam Corn Imports 10,000 11,000 0 Higher demand on competitiveness relative to other feedstuffs TRADE CHANGES IN 2017/18 (1,000 MT) Country Commodity Attribute Previous Current Change Australia Barley Exports 6,00 6, Colombia Corn Imports,000, Corn Imports 18,000 18,11 11 Mexico Corn Exports 1, Taiwan Corn Imports,, Venezuela Corn Imports 1,600 1, Vietnam Corn Imports 9,200 9, Australia Barley Exports 6,00 6, Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 1 ember 2018

16 ENDNOTES REGIONAL TABLES North America:, Mexico, the Central America: Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama Caribbean: Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba, Bahamas, Barbados, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, French West Indies, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Haiti, Jamaica and Dep, Leeward-Windward Islands, Martinique, Montserrat, Netherlands Antilles, Puerto Rico, Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, Turks and Caicos Islands, U.S. Virgin Islands South America: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas), French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, Venezuela EU: Austria, Belgium/Luxembourg, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom Other Europe: Albania, Azores, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Former Yugoslavia, Gibraltar, Iceland, Macedonia, Montenegro, Norway, Serbia, Switzerland Former Soviet Union: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan Middle East: Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, Yemen North Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia Sub-Saharan Africa: all African countries except North Africa East Asia:, Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea, North Korea, Macau, Mongolia, Taiwan South Asia: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Maldives Southeast Asia: Brunei, Burma, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam Oceania: Australia, Fiji, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 16 ember 2018

17 OTHER NOTES Local Marketing Years (LMY): LMY refers to the 12-month period at the onset of the main harvest, when the crop is marketed (i.e., consumed, traded, or stored). The year first listed begins a country's LMY for that commodity (2016/17 starts in 2016); except for summer grains in certain Southern Hemisphere countries and for rice in selected countries, where the second year begins the LMY (2016/17 starts in 2017). Key exporter LMY s are: Wheat Corn Barley Sorghum Argentina (/) Argentina (Mar/Feb) Australia (/Oct) Argentina (Mar/Feb) Australia (Oct/Sep) Brazil (Mar/Feb) (Aug/Jul) Australia (Mar/Feb) (Aug/Jul) (Oct/Sep) (Jul/Jun) (Sep/Aug) (Jul/Jun) South Africa (May/Apr) Russia (Jul/Jun) (Jul/Jun) (Sep/Aug) Ukraine (Jul/Jun) India (Apr/Mar) (Jun/May) Kazakhstan (Jul/Jun) Russia(Jul/Jun) Turkey (Jun/May) Ukraine (Jul/Jun) (Jun/May) For a complete list of local marketing years, please see the FAS website Stocks: Unless otherwise stated, stock data are based on an aggregate of differing local marketing years and should not be construed as representing world stock levels at a fixed point in time. Consumption: World totals for consumption reflect total utilization, including food, seed, industrial, feed, and waste; as well as differences in local marketing year imports and local marketing year exports. Consumption statistics for regions and individual countries, however, reflect food, seed, industrial, feed, and waste only. Trade: All PSD tables are balanced on the different local marketing years. All trade tables contain Trade Year (TY) data which puts all countries on a uniform, 12-month period for analytical comparisons: wheat is July/June; coarse grains, corn, barley, sorghum, oats, and rye are Oct/Sept; and rice is calendar year. EU Consolidation: The trade figures starting from 1999/00 represent the (Croatia plus the former EU-27) and exclude all intra-trade. For the years 1960/61 through 1998/99, figures are the EU-1 and also exclude all intra-trade. EU-1 member states' data for grains are no longer maintained in the official USDA database. Data for the individual NMS-10, plus Bulgaria, Romania, and Croatia, exists only prior to 1999/00. Statistics: (1) Wheat trade statistics include wheat, flour, and selected pasta products on a grain equivalent basis. (2) Rice trade statistics include rough, brown, milled, and broken on a milled equivalent basis. (3) Coarse grains statistics include corn, barley, sorghum, oats, rye, millet, and mixed grains but exclude trade in barley malt, millet, and mixed grains. Unaccounted: This term includes grain in transit, reporting discrepancies in some countries, and trade to countries outside the USDA database. Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 17 ember 2018

18 The Global Commodity Analysis Division,, Foreign Agricultural Service, USDA, Washington, DC 2020, prepared this circular. Information is gathered from official statistics of foreign governments and other foreign source materials, reports of U.S. agricultural attachés and Foreign Service officers, office research, and related information. Further information may be obtained by writing the Division or telephoning (202) Note: The previous report in this series was Grain: World Markets and Trade ember For further details on world grain production, please see World Agricultural Production ember This circular is available in its entirety on the Internet via the Foreign Agricultural Service Home Page. The address is: Andrew Sowell (202) Wheat Shelbi Knisley (202) Wheat Rachel Trego (202) Rice/Wheat Nicole Podesta (202) Rice Yoonhee Macke (202) Coarse Grains Justin Choe (202) Coarse Grains Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 18 ember 2018

19 DATA TABLES Page Intentionally Left Blank Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 19 ember 2018

20 All Grain Summary Comparison Million Metric Tons Wheat Rice, Milled Corn Marketing Year 2016/ / / / / /18 Production (Jun-May) Other ,122. 1, ,099.9 Domestic Consumption (Jun-May) Other ,09.1 1, ,12.6 Ending Stocks (Jun-May) Other TY Imports (Jun-May) Other TY Exports (Jun-May) Other Note: Consumption in this table has not been adjusted for differences in marketing year imports and exports and therefore differs from global totals shown elsewhere.marketing years for U.S. grains are: Wheat (Jun-May), Rice (Aug-Jul), Corn (Sep-Aug).'Marketing Year' column is germane for U.S. wheat only. Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 20 ember 2018

21 World Wheat, Flour, and Products Trade July/June Year, Thousand Metric Tons 201/1 201/ / /18 TY Exports Argentina,200 8,70 12,27 13,7 13,00 13,00 Australia 16,7 1,780 22,061 1,12 11,00 10,00 2,883 22,118 20,23 21,989 2,000 2, ,000 1,200 1,200 3, 3,763 27,26 23,290 23,000 2 Kazakhstan,07 7,600 7,20 8,600 8,00 8,00 Russia 22,800 2,3 27,809 1,19 3,000 36,00 Serbia , ,00 1,00 Turkey,13,60 6,177 6,218 6,000 6,000 Ukraine 11,269 17,31 18,107 17,77 16,00 16,00 12,716 10,918 9,768 9,268 9,93 9,23 138,936 10,1 12,933 19,86 10,193 19,3 23,023 21,817 29,319 23,067 29,000 29, ,99 171, ,22 182,3 179, ,3 TY Imports Afghanistan 2,700 2,700 2,700 3,00 3,00 Algeria 7,27 8,13 8,1 8,172 7,000 7,000 Bangladesh 3,929,720,6 6,10 6,000 6,000 Brazil,869,922 7,788 6,702 7,00 7,00 1,926 3,76,10,000,000,000 Colombia 1,627 2,032 2,110 1,97 Egypt 11,300 11,92 11,17 12,07 12,00 12,00,979 6,928,299,82 6,00 6,00 Indonesia 7,77 10,0 10,176 10,16 10,000 10,000 Iraq 2,23 2,218 2,6,108 3,00 3,700 Japan,878,71,911,876,800,800 Kenya 1,07 1,63 1,77 2,17 Korea, South 3,92,20,667,269,, Mexico,71,80,370,2,600,600 Morocco,086,03,191 3,60 3,000 3,000 Nigeria,2,10,972,08,200,200 Peru 1,922 1,879 1,961 2,030 2,00 2,00 Philippines,0,918,70,987,800,800 Saudi Arabia 3,99 2,931 3,716 3,0 3,00 3,00 Sudan 2,632 2,021 2,8 2,78 2,00 2,00 Thailand 3,92,872 3,689 3,098 3,000 3,000 Turkey,960,0,2 6,130,700,700 Uzbekistan 2,230 2,662 2,96 3,119 3,200 3,200 Vietnam 2,292 3,070,3,6,00,00 Yemen 3,2 3,332 3,278 3,009 3,000 3,000 0,78 1,877,197 1,167 1,66 1,26 1,86 16,73 17,63 17, , ,976 Unaccounted 3,11 3,331 3,323,17 3,7 2,717 3,989 3,07 3,29,38 3,70 3,70 161,99 171, ,22 182,3 179, ,3 TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes. Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 21 ember 2018

22 World Wheat Production, Consumption, and Stocks Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons 201/1 201/ / /18 Production 19,00 19,00 18,00 18,00 11,300 13,930 Argentina 17,000 17,00 21,300 31,819 22,27 23,73 Australia 31,800 31,00 29,98 32,10 27,67 29,2 132,02 132,02 13,33 133, , ,321 8,0 8,0 8,0 8, 8, 8,300 Egypt 137, ,600 11,26 1, ,80 16,912 99,700 99,700 98,10 87,000 86,30 9,80 India 1,00 1,00 1,000 1,00 1,00 13,000 Iran 1,000 1,000 1,802 1,98 13,78 12,996 Kazakhstan 7,30 7,30 7,092 2,731 8,06,116 Morocco 2,00 2,00 26,67 2,633 2,086 2,979 Pakistan 70,000 70,000 8,992 72,29 61,0 9,080 Russia 19,000 19,000 21,000 17,20 19,00 1,20 Turkey 26,981 26,791 27,27 2,70 Ukraine 6,000 6,000 6,900 6,90 7,200 7,10 Uzbekistan 3,23 3,13 0,932 6,218 6,911,09 682, ,227 71,71 693, ,298 67,228 1,287 1,287 7,3 62,833 6,117,17 733,1 733,1 763,060 76,09 738,1 730,37 Total Consumption 10,600 10,600 10,0 10,30 10,20 10,00 Algeria 9,000 8,00 7,7 7,0 7,12 7,200 Australia 12, 12, 1 12,200 11, 10,700 Brazil 9,300 9,000 9,16 10,803 7,969 9, , , , , ,00 117,00 20, 20, 19,800 19,00 19,200 19, Egypt ,00 128, ,80 12,677 98,000 98,000 9,83 97,120 88,1 93,102 India 10,200 10,200 10,600 10,000 9, 7,36 Indonesia 17, 17, 16,900 16,70 16,600 16,00 Iran 10,600 10,600 10,00 10,200 9,800 9,000 Morocco 2,300 2,300 2,00 2,00 2,00 Pakistan 0,00 0,00 3,000 0,000 37,000 3,00 Russia 18,000 18,000 18,000 17,00 18,000 17,00 Turkey 9,700 9,700 9,700 9,300 9,30 8,900 Uzbekistan 173, ,88 173, ,08 16,926 18,12 713,981 71,31 71, ,99 68, ,73 31,271 31,271 29,329 31,86 31,9 31,328 7,22 7,802 7, ,88 716,337 70,081 Ending Stocks,8,8,29,13,37 3,768 Algeria,130,130 6,180 6,86,178 7,101 13,6 13,6 131,263 11,929 96,996 79,110,68,68,318 3,991,607,336 Egypt 11,232 10,232 1,132 10,73 1,92 12,697 1,603 1,603 13,203 9,800 1,0 17,220 India,368,868 11,868 10,830,607 6,287 Russia 2,261 2,0 6,36 67,33 71,07 71,312 21,81 20,87 20, , ,83 201,831 26,17 2,837 29,907 32,131 26,2 20,77 268, , , ,037 2, ,308 Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 22 ember 2018

23 Regional Wheat Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks Thousand Metric Tons 201/1 201/ / /18 TY Imports North America 9,00 8,373 9,167 10,08 9,800 9,800 Central America 1,83 1,83 1,993 1,909 1,98 1,98 South America 13,217 13,37 16,277 1,320 16,33 16,33-28,979 6,928,299,82 6,00 6,00 Other Europe 1,760 1,838 1,986 1,888 1,92 1,92 Former Soviet Union ,678 7,02 7,238 8,221 8,160 8,160 Middle East 26,928 2,99 22,773 2,177 23,60 23,60 North Africa 2,30 27,873 28,273 27,09 2,700 2,700 Sub-Saharan Africa 20,936 22,767 22,092 2,97 2,29 2,27 East Asia 1,11 16,226 17,3 16,602 16,20 16,20 South Asia 8,16 8,823 1,69 10,808 10,806 10,806 Southeast Asia 20,76 2,83 27,70 26,7 2,900 2,900 3,22 3,17 3,27 3, 3,0 3,0 Total 18,8 168, , ,379 17,76 17,726 Production North America 88,29 87,7 98,838 80,823 8,687 86,087 South America 2,87 21,601 28,819 2,699 27,632 27, , ,80 1,369 11,26 137, ,600 Other Europe,088,39,79,039,030,030 Former Soviet Union , , ,087 12,36 12,81 12,81 Middle East 3,1 2,0 38,791 1,2 39,860 39,860 North Africa 17,029 19,976 1,081 19,26 21,180 21,180 Sub-Saharan Africa 7,37 7,69 7,7 7,91 7,879 7,879 East Asia 129, ,972 13,73 13,6 133, ,818 South Asia 130,10 119, , , ,26 132,26 Oceania 2,17 22,689 32,278 21,709 17,960 17, Total 730,37 738,1 76,09 763, ,1 733,1 Domestic Consumption North America 7,296 6,913 0,67 6,18 7,971 8,271 South America 27,06 27,71 28,6 29,013 29, 29, , ,80 128, , Other Europe,87,90,0,030,190,190 Former Soviet Union ,98 77,700 78,60 81,80 78,0 78,0 Middle East 7,20 8,887 9,061 60,93 60,730 60,930 North Africa 2,726 3,666,0,12,900,900 Sub-Saharan Africa 27,08 29,08 29,72 31,68 32,99 32,09 East Asia 130,97 130, ,91 13,1 136, ,167 South Asia 132, ,91 139, ,79 11,07 11,07 Southeast Asia 19,29 23,131 26,37 26,33 26,11 26,11 Oceania 8,6 8,00 8,83 8,90 9,9 10, 3,7 3,82 3,83 3,837 3,900 3,900 Total 700,32 713,66 73,21 72,121 72,819 73,679 Ending Stocks North America 28,290 32,390 39,863 36,8 31,3 32,31 South America 8,37 3,989,723,09 3,82 3, ,697 1,92 10,73 1,132 10,232 11,232 Other Europe 1,321 1,76 1,909 1,826 1,911 1,911 Former Soviet Union ,66 16,978 21,227 20,861 13,037 12,37 Middle East 20,038 22,1 18,617 17,961 13,696 13,796 North Africa 13,216 16,628 13,890 1,631 1,926 1,926 Sub-Saharan Africa 3,0 3,829 2,99 3,028 2,812 2,813 East Asia 82,222,38 118,10 13,191 16,19 16,19 South Asia 23,109 21,026 16,66 20,392 20,7 20,7 Southeast Asia 3,921,1,86,233 3,988 3,988 Oceania,97,13,989 6,036 3,731 3, Total 222,308 2, , , , ,098 NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are reported using local marketing years. Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 23 ember 2018

24 World Rice Trade January/ember Year, Thousand Metric Tons 201/1 201/ / /18 TY Exports Argentina Brazil , Burma 1,73 1,300 3,30 2,800 3,000 3,000 Cambodia 1,10 1,00 1,10 1,20 1,300 1, ,173 1,700 1,900 1, Guyana India 11,06 10,00 12,60 12,00 12,00 12,00 Pakistan,000, 3,62,300,20,20 Paraguay Russia South Africa Thailand 9,779 9,867 11,61 10,700 11,000 10,300 Uruguay , Vietnam 6,606,088 6,88 6,700 7,000 7,000 1,71 1,27 1,10 1,38 1,227 1,017 39,363 36,82,763,313 6,017,107 3,381 3,3 3,39 2,900 3,200 3,200 2,7 0,207 8,112 8,213 9,217 8,307 TY Imports Bangladesh ,38 1, Benin Brazil Burkina Cameroon ,10,600,900,800,000,000 Cote d'ivoire 1,10 1,300 1,30 1,00 1,0 1,0 1,786 1,816 1,98 2,00 Ghana Guinea Indonesia 1,30 1, ,10 1, Iran 1,300 1, 1,00 1,300 1,00 1,00 Iraq 1, ,060 1,10 1,300 1,300 Japan Kenya Malaysia 1, ,000 1,000 Mexico Mozambique Nepal Nigeria 2, 2, 2,00 2, 3,000 2,00 Philippines 800 1,200 1,900 1,800 1,800 Saudi Arabia 1,601 1,260 1,19 1,20 1,300 1,300 Senegal , 1,10 1,20 1,20 South Africa ,0 1,000 1,000 1,000 United Arab Emirates ,20 11,89 13,972 13,79 1,380 1,30 39,383 36,889,02,60,37,29 Unaccounted 2,60 2,1 2,923 2,7 2,967 3, ,7 0,207 8,112 8,213 9,217 8,307 TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes. Note about dates: 2017/18 is calendar year 2018, 2016/17 is calendar year 2017, and so on. Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 2 ember 2018

25 World Rice Production, Consumption, and Stocks Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons 201/1 201/ / /18 Milled Production Bangladesh 3,00 3,00 3,78 32,60 3,00 3,00 Brazil 8,6 7,210 8,383 8,208 8,160 8,160 Burma 12,600 12,160 12,60 13,200 13,120 13,120 Cambodia,92,931,26,399,00,00 16,726 18,99 17,766 18,873 13,82 13,82 India 10,82 10,08 109, , , ,000 Indonesia 3,60 36,200 36,88 37,000 37,300 37,300 Japan 8,079 7,876 7,929 7,787 7,700 7,700 Korea, South,21,327,197 3,972 3,87 3,868 Nepal 3,190 2,863 3,80 3,310 3,330 3,30 Nigeria 3,782 3,91,10,662 3,780,788 Pakistan 7,003 6,802 6,89 7,0 7,00 7,00 Philippines 11,91 11,008 11,686 12,23 12,10 12,10 Thailand 18,70 1,800 19,200 20,370 21,200 20,700 Vietnam 28,166 27,8 27,00 28,71 29,069 29,069 1,672 1,977 3,363 2,910 2,101 1,81 7,0 70,086 83,703 89,07 83,767 8,208 7,106 6,133 7,117,69 6,931 6,931 82,161 76,219 90,820 9,066 90,698 91,139 Consumption and Residual Bangladesh 3, 3, 3,000 3,200 3,200 3,200 Brazil 7,92 7,900 8,000 8,000 8,02 8,02 Burma 10,00 10,00 10,000 10, 10, 10,200 Cambodia 3,900 3,900,000,,200,200 11,000 11,028 11,761 12,87 12,782 12,782 Egypt,000 3,900,300,200,, India 98,2 93,68 9,776 98,660,000,000 Indonesia 38,300 37,80 37,800 38,000 38,300 38, Japan 8,830 8,806 8,730 8,6 8,600 8,600 Korea, South,197,212,61,883,673,673 Nepal 3,770 3,33,010 3,96 3,930,130 Nigeria 6, 6,00 6,700 7, 6,900 7,00 Philippines 13,000 12,900 12,900 13,20 13,00 13,00 Thailand 10,000 9, 1 11,000 10,200 10,00 Vietnam 2 22, , 22,200 61,26 62,283 6,9 66,98 68,967 68,882 70,98 6,230 79,36 78,38 8,163 8,337,28 3,80,230,279,223,223 7,782 68,810 83,766 82,817 88,386 89,60 Ending Stocks Bangladesh 1,92 1,20 8 1,00 1,600 1,600 76,000 88,000 98,00 109, , ,000 India 17,800 18,00 20,0 22,600 21, 21, Indonesia,111 3,09 2,91,063,111,061 Japan 2,821 2,2 2,10 2,167 1,882 1,882 Philippines 2,09 2,117 2,003 2,288 2,738 2,738 Thailand 11,270 8,03,238 3,18 3,238 3,308 17,08 16,711 16,9 1,966 13,869 1, ,11 10,897 17,96 160,72 161,38 161,81 1,2 1,7 1, ,82 1,03 13,963 12,372 19,26 161,67 163, ,2 Note: All data are reported on a milled basis. Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 2 ember 2018

26 Regional Rice Imports, Production, Consumption, and Stocks Thousand Metric Tons 201/1 201/ / /18 TY Imports North America 1,838 1,8 2,061 2,07 2,13 2,160 Caribbean 1,1 1,109 1,13 1,180 1,26 1,21 South America 1,686 2,01 1,888 1,899 1,830 1,830 Other Europe Former Soviet Union Middle East 6,6,683 6,390 6,8 6,93 6,93 North Africa Sub-Saharan Africa 11,313 12,179 1,619 1,80 1,880 1,280 East Asia 6,686 6,097 7,18 6,0 6,60 6,60 South Asia 1,693 9,007 2,77 1,900 1,900 Southeast Asia,677 3,933 3,676 6,10,160,760 1,786 1,816 1,98 2,00 Total 0,10 37,66,189,9 6,20,19 Production North America 7,28 6,289 7,292,82 7,109 7,109 Caribbean , South America 16,783 1,633 16,673 16,89 16,3 16, ,9 2,00 2,087 1,96 1,99 Former Soviet Union ,180 1,27 1,29 1,22 1,197 1,237 Middle East 2,2 2,392 2,28 2,6 2,283 2,283 North Africa,3,0,837,30 2,82 2,82 Sub-Saharan Africa 1,26 16,11 17,9 17,1 17,18 18,26 East Asia 161, , , ,33 17,89 17,888 South Asia 13,29 12,213 16,96 18,893 19,186 19,386 Southeast Asia 11,91 111,09 116, ,96 122, ,710 Total 82,161 76,219 90,820 9,066 90,698 91,139 Domestic Consumption North America,17,807,99,61,3,3 Central America 1,196 1,27 1,296 1,300 1,32 1,32 Caribbean 2,029 1,97 2,06 1,91 2,218 2,118 South America 1,928 1,937 1,961 1,192 1,229 1, ,00 3,0 3,600 3,700 3,70 3,70 Former Soviet Union ,03 1,98 1,1 1,9 1,619 1,619 Middle East 9,000 8,9 8,788 8,98 9,12 9,12 North Africa,07,279,72,680,92,92 Sub-Saharan Africa 27,017 28,066 30,89 31,910 32,8 33,3 East Asia 17,296 16,82 18,370 19,173 19,280 19,280 South Asia 13, ,767 11,637 1,7 16,00 16,20 Southeast Asia 102,62 101, ,89 103, , ,981 Total 72,676 66,780 77,802 82,863 8,800 86,71 Ending Stocks North America 1,717 1,602 1,63 1,123 1,700 1,621 Central America Caribbean South America 2,211 1,60 1,760 1,81 1,616 1, ,11 1,183 1,192 1,12 1,06 1,036 Middle East 1,72 1,21 1,133 1,02 1,07 1,07 North Africa ,26 1, Sub-Saharan Africa 3,317 2,87 3,212 2,887 2,2 2,69 East Asia 80,83 92, ,03 112,77 116,07 116,00 South Asia 21,31 21,76 23,202 2,791 2,322 2,322 Southeast Asia 21,03 17,980 11,826 12,7 13,21 13,361 Oceania Total 13,963 12,372 19,26 161,67 163, ,2 NOTES: Regional definitions appear on last page of this circular. Imports are reported on a trade year basis. All other data are reported using local marketing years. Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 26 ember 2018

27 World Coarse Grain Trade October/September Year, Thousand Metric Tons 201/1 201/ / /18 TY Exports Argentina 21,003 2,291 26,10 26,007 30,80 30,80 Australia 7,286 6,389 10,28 7,013 7,67 7,22 Brazil 21,9 3,1 19,797 2,173 2,01 26,1 3,60,693,02,73,70,0 1,068 10,979 8,192 7,869 7,22 7,02 Kazakhstan ,360 2,060 2,060 Paraguay 3,031 2,663 1,767 1,81 2,21 2,21 Russia 9,1 8,6 9,28 11,0 7,70 7,70 Serbia 3,001 1,93 2,7 80 2,780 2,780 Ukraine 2,208 21,7 26,868 23,003 31,660 32,660 8,633 7,939 9,22 10,037 9,0 8,87 117,1 12,73 119,8 119, , ,77 6,19 9,230 61,788 68,73 6,13 6,13 173,870 18,96 181, , , ,612 TY Imports Algeria,863,22,9,77,67,67 Bangladesh 8 1,036 1,181 1,00 Brazil 1,023 2,123 3,177 1,27 1,60 1,60 1,723 1, , ,310 Chile 1,707 1,721 1,80 1,977 2,130 2,130 2,699 17,99 16,0 16,0 16,900 16,30 Colombia,77,82,013,2,3,83 Dominican Republic 1,202 1,31 1,29 1,329 1,00 1,00 Egypt 7,938 8,79 8,79 9,1 9,720 9,720 9,08 1,90 1,633 19,22 22,3 22,3 Iran 8,000 8,300 10,000 12, 1 12,00 Israel 1,601 1,09 1,90 2,0 1,98 1,98 Japan 16,726 17,073 17,000 17,81 16,770 17,270 Jordan 1,8 1,713 1,88 1,360 1,00 1,00 Korea, South 10,27 10,213 9,308 10,211 10,390 10,390 Malaysia 3,23,122 3,31 3,6,000,000 Mexico 11,60 1,827 1,283 16,389 17,310 17,310 Morocco 2,217 3,182 2,7 3,072 2,702 2,702 Peru 2,863 3,083 3,38 3,8 3,60 3,60 Saudi Arabia 11,11 13,992 11,82 11,800 13,010 13,010 Taiwan 3,938,781,267,20,,200 Tunisia 1,2 1,713 1,7 1,827 1,00 1,00 Turkey 2, ,712 3,0 2,30 2,30 Venezuela 2,33 1,738 1,20 1,387 1,600 1,00 Vietnam 6,72 8,679 8,661 9,60 10,12 11,12 20,81 22,698 22,39 18,830 19,320 19, , ,0 17,72 18,32 189,02 191,212 Unaccounted,,79 3,77 2,10, 3,29 3,981 3,1 2,926 3,00 3, ,870 18,96 181, , , ,612 TY=Trade Year, see Endnotes. Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 27 ember 2018

28 World Coarse Grains Production, Consumption, and Stocks Local Marketing Years, Thousand Metric Tons 201/1 201/ / /18 Production 0,33 0,33 39,320 8,69 38,39 36,782 Argentina 10,86 11,096 11,908 17,266 12, 12,60 Australia 97,22 97,8 8,08 101,7 68,69 87,671 Brazil 26,20 26,90 26,23 26,623 2,769 22, ,80 263,80 266,71 270, ,87 26,23 1,180 1,180 13,960 1,09 1,19 1,2 Ethiopia 17,192 16,692 12,92 12,829 12,66 170,670 2,20 2,20 6,970 3,70 38,701 3,076 India 11,900 11,900 11,00 10,900 10,00 9,000 Indonesia 31,690 31,90 33,071 33,263 32,378 32,689 Mexico 19,300 19,300 18,800 18,823 19,02 18,31 Nigeria 3,72 3,72 1,712 0,76 37,27 0,386 Russia 12,608 13,608 1,000 18,117 8,68 11,079 South Africa 13,1 13,1 12,971 10,776 1,181 9,311 Turkey 3,69 2,19 3,071 39,217 33,387 39,389 Ukraine 168, ,679 16,01 162,88 16,3 16, ,96 988,19 973,08 1,011,099 93, ,78 38,117 38,117 38,2 02, , ,23 1,373,613 1,373,276 1,37,303 1,13,711 1,302,789 1,3,982 Domestic Consumption 16,93 16,93 16,13 16,0 1,221 1,232 Argentina 70,02 70,02 68,181 6,032 9,823 60,009 Brazil 23,01 22,760 23,268 21,971 20,909 21,299 29,980 29,30 28,080 27,98 20, ,709 17,138 17,138 16,779 16,027 1,803 1,832 Egypt 1,08 1,08 1,13 1,12 1,21 13,680 Ethiopia 16,770 16, , ,80 17,12 162,92,17,17,87 2,37 0,201 0,7 India 16,720 16,220 1,820 13,820 1,020 12,020 Iran 17,1 17,21 17,77 17,22 17,28 16,876 Japan 9,90 9,80 8,210 6,8,71 2,17 Mexico 19,00 19,00 18,80 19,219 18,990 18,132 Nigeria 27,2 27,62 31,01 32,07 29,71 31,139 Russia 1,961 1,961 1,631 12,891 1,021 12,91 Turkey 1,32 13,2 13,0 13,00 12,279 9,2 Vietnam 260,39 260,99 28,8 27,681 20,17 20,883 1,07,878 1,07,81 1,08,308 1,01,20 97,19 969,7 332,809 33,080 32,1 327,23 312,99 311,339 1,07,687 1,08,89 1,372,3 1,378,727 1,269,79 1,280,91 Ending Stocks,60,60 3,0 6,698 3,268,27 Argentina 9,326 10,82 9,11 1,92 7,010 8,23 Brazil 3,1 3,737,29,62,971 3,13 208, , ,222 22,23 213,329 17,300 13,280 12,818 16, 1,202 1,739 18,88,06 3,8 6,286 6,000,83,832 Mexico 2,9 2,0 2,719 2,997 3,171 3,291 Ukraine 39,976 39,3,29 7,083 8,036 2, , ,62 311, , ,39 269,28 8,63 7,28 7,919 62,168 8,112 6,98 33,231 33, ,30 38, 39,71 316,76 Foreign Agricultural Service/USDA 28 ember 2018