Aspects of aquatic animal health management

Transcription

1 Aspects of aquatic animal health management Norwegian forum for development cooperation in fisheries, aquaculture and aquatic environment Annual meeting Oslo, 26 August 2014 Edgar Brun Brit Hjeltnes

2 Global fishery and aquaculture production (million tonnes) Capture Inland 9, ,2 10,4 11,2 11,5 Marine 80,2 80,4 79,5 79,2 77,4 78,9 Aquaculture* Inland 31,3 33, ,1 41,7 44,3 Marin 16 16,6 16,9 17,6 18,1 19,3 Total capture 90 90,3 89,7 89,6 88,6 90,4 Aquaculture 47,3 49,9 52,9 55,7 59,9 63,6 Total 137,3 140,2 142,6 145,3 148,5 154,0 *Almost 600 different aquatic species are globally used for aquaculture (FAO 2012)

3 Top-ten producers, aquaculture (2010) Country Tonnes Percent China ,35 India ,76 Vietnam ,46 Indonesia ,85 Bangladesh ,19 Thailand ,15 Norway ,68 Egypt ,54 Myanmar ,42 Phillipines ,24 Others ,35 (FAO 2012)

4 Fisheries and aquaculture 55 million people are engaged in aquaculture and fisheries at the primary sector million in total (10-12% of the world population) Aquaculture has a huge socio-economic importance (food security, alleviating poverty, female work) Farm gate value of food fish production from aquaculture is ~US$120 billion (2010). (kilde FAO 2012)

5 Production function Resource input; animals, feed, labour, etc. Health management Production process Diseases Output: goods, services (to satisfy human needs) Better management will reduce the probability of introducing infections (known and unknown) and curtail its effect (holistic) is an additional input to the production function but will increase output or lower the need for other inputs should be balanced between benefit and cost

6 Diseases a major cause of loss In 2010, aquaculture in China suffered production losses of 1.7 million tonnes (worth US$3.3 billion) caused by diseases 1.2 million tonnes from natural disasters tonnes from pollution, etc. (kilde FAO 2012)

7 The ISA crisis in Chile ( ) Salmon production in Chile (in 1000 tonnes) ISA detected From 1990 til 2007 an annual growth of 22% From US$ ~ 200 million (i 1991) to >2 billion i 2007 ref: Kontali Analyse & Salmon Handbook 2012, Marine Harvest

8 The ISA crisis in Chile ( ) Within a year almost every farming company affected 70% loss in Atlantic salmon biomass within 18 months Companies suffered heavy economic losses and big financial troubles 40% cut in jobs + many mid/small sized service companies quit the industry José Ramón Gutiérrez, Multiexport Foods S.A

9 Claudia Venegas, AVS Chile SA Evaluation and lessons learned Aquaculture is a biological global industry Inadequate involvement by Authorities (slow interaction, few regulations) Little contact between Industry and government ISA had reached all salmon producing regions affecting almost every salmon farming company. the need of a consorted action between the authorities and the industry was evident. Poor biosecurity at farm level Little understanding (acknowledgement) for disease spreading mechanisms Delays in essential diagnostics

10 Evaluation and lessons learned Bad smolt quality (fish for sea transfer) Low fish health status in general Frequent outbreaks and high prevalence of many non-controlled infectious diseases Low capacity to handle emerging disease problems Lacking sanitary routines for handling dead fish and effluent water Inadequate sanitation procedures at slaughtering

11 Conclusion; Inadequate fish health managment capability at industry and authority level

12 Basic concepts (1) Authorities competence trust and respect legislation; regulations and requirements for Daily production Future growth Handling diseases communication and involvement coordination funding

13 Basic concepts (2) Fish health competence at industry level 1.line competence in diseases Relevant registrations and data collections reporting Basic biosecurity understanding Efficient link farm laboratory -ministry

14 Basic concepts (3) Diagnostic capacity competence in diagnostics efficiency Dialogue Network between industry and authority

15 Basic concepts (4) Epidemiological capacity Surveillance Disease transmission (introduction and spread) Contingency Understanding and managing risk

16 Major disease outbreaks (last 5-10 years) ISA in marine cage culture of Atlantic salmon in Chile Herpes virus in oyster farming in Europe (notably France) EMS in marine shrimp farming in several countries (especially in Asia, also South America and Africa) WSD in shrimp (Mozambique 2011) EUS in inland fisheries in Southern Africa Disease is not a private issue. A small, non-contained disease outbreak may quickly become a multinational disease problem

17 Aquaculture; a biological production in open/semi-open eco-systems

18 Health management is based on a close collaboration between the different stakeholders S U R V E I L L A N C E Clinical observations Diagnostics Health & Production records CA* LAB** Fish health services Fish farmers Legislation, audits Contingency plan Epidemiology C O N T R O L Biosecurity protocols PREVENTION *Central Authority ** Central/ref lab function

19 OIE collaborating center for Epidemiology and Risk Assessment for Aquatic Animal Diseases A partnership - approved May between Edgar Brun Larry Hammell Atlantic Veterinary College (University of PEI) and Norwegian Veterinary Institute Co-Directors: Larry Hammell: Lhammell@upei.ca Edgar Brun: edgar.brun@vetinst.no

20 Concept of global network of competence MC Graduate students MC Trained aquatic epidemiologists MC NVI ERAAAD AVC Epidemiology research project in host country Completes PhD epidemiology MC

21 Summing up Aquatic animal diseases have caused major crisis in aquaculture world wide Aquatic animal health management needs to be an integrated part of any aquaculture planning and production A corner stone for sustainable production, welfare and consumers perception Capacity in AAHM essential at all levels Building AAHM-capacity locally to prevent problems globally

22 Thank you for your attention