Sewerage Works in Japan

Transcription

1 Sewerage Works in Japan 16 th September, 2018 Ryuji UEMATSU Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism Director for Sewerage Works Division Sewerage and Wastewater Management Department Water and Disaster Management Bureau Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT)

2 Contents of Today s Presentation 1. History of Sewerage Works in Japan 2. Current Issues and Policy Management of Water Environment Stormwater Management Beneficial Use and Recycle Asset Management Technology Development

3 Contents of Today s Presentation 1. History of Sewerage Works in Japan 2. Current Issues and Policy Management of Water Environment Stormwater Management Beneficial Use and Recycle Asset Management Technology Development

4 Night Soil Recycling Systems in Edo Era Less epidemics in Japan compared to Europe in those days Organics substances such as night soil and garbage reused as suppliers of fertilizer in farming village A farmer carrying tubs of night soil Night soil recycling systems in Edo Era Source: Annual Report on the Environment

5 Water Pollution in Tokyo Decreasing demand for night soil due to the urbanization and the spread of chemical fertilizer (1950s) Nationwide water pollution caused social problem (the late 1960 s~) Tokyo Tokyo Bay A river in Tokyo Kanda River in Tokyo Photo Credit : Environmental Bureau of the Tokyo Metropolitan Government

6 Water Pollution in Kitakyushu City Kita-kyushu City Serious water pollution in Kitakyushu City (1960s)

7 Pollution Session of Diet in 1970 Pollution Session of Diet (1970) Discussed intensively on the pollution issues and developed the framework of environment/sanitation policies Major achievements of Pollution Session Pollution Session in 1970 Enactment of Water Pollution Control Law Establish Environmental Quality Standard (EQS) Regulate effluent from factories or commercial facilities Monitor water quality at public water areas Amendment of Sewerage Law

8 Key Points of the Sewerage Law National government (law/regulation, technical standard, providing subsidy, etc) Local government : implementation organization Oblige local government to treat wastewater to achieve environmental quality standard before discharge Compel landowner to use sewerage system in service area (install drainage facility to connect sewerage) Stipulate collection of users charge in accordance with ordinance issued by municipality

9 Purpose and Benefit To prevent flood To prevent water pollution in public water body Public benefits To establish environmentally-friendly society (recycling/utilizing resources of sewerage) To improve living condition (Toilet flushing, etc.) Private benefits

10 Financial System of Sewerage Works Sewerage works implemented through national expenditures, local expenditures and users charges appropriately WWTP, Trunk sewer Other sewer Rainwater Wastewater Construction Government Subsidy Municipal Bond Municipal Bond repay Public Expenditures (tax, etc) Users Charge Payment by beneficiary, etc. Operation & Maintenance Rainwater Public Expenditures (tax, etc) Wastewater Users charge

11 How to Collect Users Charge Sep. 15 th ~ Nov.12 th Tap water charge Volume sewer user charge Total charge

12 Contents of Today s Presentation 1. History of Sewerage Works in Japan 2. Current Issues and Policy Management of Water Environment Stormwater Management Beneficial Use and Recycle Asset Management Technology Development

13 Management of Water Environment Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism

14 Kinds of wastewater treatment facilities Rural sewerage system: in rural area Coverage Ratio (3%) On-site wastewater treatment tank (Johkasou) : low population density area Coverage Ratio (9%) Sewerage system : in urban area Coverage Ratio (79%)

15 Cost Comparison of Off-site and On-site For efficient construction for wastewater treatment facilities in each region, constrcution plan of the facilities complied Cost per family (construction, operation, maintenance) Equilibrium point On-site treatment Off-site treatment Population density On-site treatment is better Off-site treatment is better

16 Water Cycle in Yodo River basin KYOTO pref. Takashima SHIGA pref. Toshitani Kissyouin Kosei Otakishi Ishida Lake Biwa Higashiuji Touhokubu Konan-tyubu Toba Fishimi Rakusei Rakunan OSAKA pref. Takatsuki Tyuo Nagisa Kounoike Kawamata Wastewater treatment plant Treated water Water intake River

17 Stormwater Management Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism

18 Increase in the risk of floods in urban areas (Times/year) Ave. 174 times About 1.4 times Ave. 238 times 100 降ると 100 rainfall The number of heavy rain per year (Over 50mm/h) (Data from 1,000 sites) Before urbanization 50 runoff After urbanization *Based on JMA data 75 runoff 50 infiltration 25 infiltration

19 Comprehensive Flood Control by Sewerage Flood Hazard Map 内水ハサ ート マッフ ハード整備 ソフト対策 自助 ( ハード整備 ) Rain storage and infiltration facility on site 各戸貯留浸透施設 Real-time information release and earlier 降雨レーダーによる alarm system 情報提供システム using a radar rain system 雨水浸透ます Storm water infiltration inlet 貯留浸透施設 Storage and infiltration facilities Backflow 逆流防止施設 prevention device Flood 止水板 Barrier Flood 止水板 Barrier Storage 貯留管 pipe Storage 貯留施設 facility Storm 雨水管 sewer Underground 地下街 shopping center Storm 雨水排除データ water drainage data 情報提供システム information system 地下鉄 Subway 河川 River Comprehensive Flood Control by sewerage

20 Example of Comprehensive Flood Control Stormwater storage pipe Sewer (Stormwater ) pipe Stormwater storage pipe Wada-Yayoi trunk sewer (stormwater storage pipe) in Tokyo metropolitan

21 Example of Comprehensive Flood Control Pump for stormwater Pump for stormwater Information system for rain Pumping vehicle for stormwater

22 Example of Comprehensive Flood Control Stormwater storage facilities During flood During flood During flood

23 Example of Comprehensive Flood Control Flood hazard map *Taken from Koto city HP

24 Beneficial Use and Recycle Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism

25 Utilization of Sewage Sludge Amount of sewage sludge (thousand dry-ton) Recycle Ratio (%) 2,500 2,000 1,500 Recycle Ration of Sewage Sludge others Fuel Cement ,000 Fertilizer Blocks, Tiles Landfill Fiscal Year Amount of sewage sludge Production and Recycle Ratio 0

26 Power Generation from Sludge Biogas by methane fermentation Power Generation from Biogas Carbonized sewage sludge Coal thermal power plant

27 Fertilizer and Wastewater Heating Phosphorus Recycling system Fertilizer made of recycled phosphorus Wastewater Temperature District heating and cooling area Air Temperature Tokyo Dome area

28 Various Reuse of Treated Wastewater Treated wastewater utilized for various purposes such as sound water environment, agriculture, industry and urban use Water for environment Discharge to river Water for landscaping Recreational water Water for countermeasure against heat-island WWTP Treated wastewater reuse Industrial water Agricultural water Water for washing Toilet flushing water Water for snow melting Water for heat resource

29 Treated Wastewater Reuse in Fukuoka City Fukuoka city government started recycling of treated wastewater in large areas in1980 after experiencing serious drought in Drought in 1978 Double Pipe in Buildings Water Truck in Operation Dried up Minamihata Dam Large buildings are required of double pipe system. (Fukuoka City save water promotion ordinance) Treatment System Activated Sludge + Coagulation settling + Ozonation + Sand Filtration Service Area WWTP (wastewater treatment plant) 1,414ha, 8,800m 3 /day Fukuoka City Save Water Promotion Ordinance Total floor space is more than 3,000m 3 in service areas

30 Asset Management Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism

31 Construction Length of each Fiscal year (1,000km) Constructed Length of each Accumulated number (1,000km) Aging Sewerage Facilities Constructed Sewer Length of Each Fiscal Year Rapid increase in the length of aged pipes About 470 thousand km Older than 50 years About 13thousand km

32 Aging Sewers Road collapse due to deteriorated sewers occurred in about 3,300 sites in 2015 Nagoya City in 2009 Chiba City in 2008 Efficient inspection and rehabilitation methods/technologies required

33 PPP/PFI in Sewerage Works Through strong partnership between public and private sector Sewerage facility (managed by local governments) Pipeline facility Treatment facility (2,200 sites) Wastewater treatment facility Sludge treatment facility Facility for effective use of sludge Maintenance work of pipeline facility is outsourced to private sectors (specificationbased contract) Operation/Maintenance of treatment facility is outsourced to private sectors (specification-based contract) or comprehensive outsourcing (performance-based contract) : 430 sites PFI/DBO project is partly implemented 36 sites

34 Technology Development Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism

35 Sewerage Technology Vision Sewerage Technology Vision complied in December, 2015 to achieve long-term vision and medium-term target shown on New Sewerage Vision (July, 2014). To solve significant challenges (aging facilities, flood control, beneficial use of sewerage resource, etc.), road maps made in 11 fields of technology development. 11 technology development fields 1 Sustainable sewerage system-1 (restructuring) 2 Sustainable sewerage system-2 (sound management, anti-aging, smart operation) 3 Countermeasures against earthquake and Tsunami 4 Storm water management (flood control) 5 Storm water management (storm water use, etc.) 6 Watershed management 7 Risk management 8 Reclaimed water use 9 Beneficial use of local biomass 10 Energy creation / Renewable energy 11 Low carbonate sewerage system Roadmap items To achieve long-term vision and medium-term target shown on New Sewerage Vision, the following items are set for each of the 11 technical development fields. Challenges for achieving medium-term target Targets on technology development to solve each challenge Technology development items to achieve targets Based on the Technology Vision, MLIT implement R&D in collaboration with relevant public organizations (Japan Sewage Works Agency and Japan Institute of Wastewater Engineering and Technology), industry and academic sectors.

36 B-DASH Project MLIT install innovative technology in full-scale plant and compile a guideline to disseminate the technology nationwide Disseminate nationwide Private company Development of Innovative technology Example of B-DASH technology MLIT B-DASH project Install the new technology in full-scale plant Generalize the new technology and compile a guideline <MLIT> Support for adoption by subsidy high-efficiency digestion Low energy/ Low cost Energy system Local government Adopt new technology to actual sewerage facilities Sewer inspection *B-DASH: Breakthrough by Dynamic Approach in Sewage High Technology

37 Thank you for your attention!