SOLAR BASED AUTOMATED PLANT WATERING BOT FOR INDIAN AGRICULTURE SCENARIO

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1 International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET) Volume 9, Issue 12, December 2018, pp , Article ID: IJMET_09_12_034 Available online at ISSN Print: and ISSN Online: IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed SOLAR BASED AUTOMATED PLANT WATERING BOT FOR INDIAN AGRICULTURE SCENARIO Harikumar Rajaguru and R N Susheel Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Bannari Amman Institute of TechnologySathyamangalam, India. ABSTRACT Agriculture is an important factor in the development of a country. In India about 70% of population depends upon farming and one third the nation s capital comes from farming. Issues concerning agriculture will always affect the development. The only solution to this problem is smart agriculture. An adequate water supply is important for plant growth. This can be achieved by using Solar Based Automated Plant Watering Bot. This paper explains the water needs for Indian agriculture, when the rate of water resources are depleting to a dangerous threat. Therefore, there is a necessity of smart and efficient way of irrigation. In this paper we have implemented sensors which detect the humidity in the soil (agricultural field) and supply water to the field which has water requirement. It works according to the information received from the sensors. Secondly, it also checks the humidity and supply water according to its needs. Keyword- Arduino, GSM module, Servo, Humidity sensor, Soil moisture sensor. Cite this Article: Harikumar Rajaguru and R N Susheel, Solar Based Automated Plant Watering Bot for Indian Agriculture Scenario, International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 9(12), 2018, pp INTRODUCTION Now a day, mankind requires everything to be automated. Our life style demands everything to be remotely controlled. Apart from few things man has made his life automated. Modern and technology based agriculture needs full automation of the field. The water scarcity and farm worker deficiencies are the two major problems associated with the agriculture. One way to get relieve of this problem is to automate an irrigation system which requires low input cost as well as durable and efficient [1]. Among several automation irrigation systems a water bot, which is discussed in this paper will remove the problems associated with irrigation in the field. When the man power is replaced by the automation then the thing becomes very simple. This paper includes the movable bot which gathers the information from the soil moisture sensor and pouring of water is controlled according to humidity level. This type of sensor can reduce the unnecessary watering... Hence, this Prototype uses the sensor technology with microcontroller as a smart watering. Finally, LCD is used to display the humidity level and temperature as a reference editor@iaeme.com

2 Harikumar Rajaguru and R N Susheel The main objectives of work is shown below: a) To design and develop an automatic plant watering system controlled by using Atmega 328p microcontroller. b) To implement the automatic watering system based on soil moisture sensor and humidity sensor and displays their level in LCD. c) To design and develop the prototype of the agricultural based system. 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this paper, Soil moisture sensor is placed in the root zone of the plant. One algorithm was developed for measure threshold values of temperature and soil moisture by using the sensor that was programmed into a microcontroller and alerts the bot while the soil moisture gone dry. Then the bot reaches by predefined path that will be programmed according to the moisturesensor respectively and pour the plant maintaining the level of humidity level. Thus the water pumping rate was controlled by the humidity level[2]. In this paper, the automatic irrigation system is designed which is based on Controller and solar power was used only for source of power supply. Sensors sense water level regularly and give the information to farmer/user through cellular phone. Farmers/users are intimated by means of GSM (.Global System for Mobile communication) technology. Irrigation system provides adequate irrigation in particular area which is real time. Soil moisture sensor placed in root zone in paddy field\ anywhere we need and sense water level. The system was set up into field and Bot started automatically based on the soil moistureand intimate the current situation to user\farmer through GSM. GSM is an important parts of these this system. System communicates using GSM.GSM is controlled with the help of standard set of AT (Attention) commands. These commands are used to control majority of the functions of GSM model[6]. In this paper, automatic irrigation technique irrigated by handling manually using wireless sensor network i.e. zig-bee or Wi-Fi technology. This idea was toimprove irrigation system and reduced cost of irrigation water level. 3. SYSTEM OVERVIEW AND ARCHITECTURE editor@iaeme.com

3 Solar Based Automated Plant Watering Bot for Indian Agriculture Scenario Figure 1. Block Diagram for GSM Based Smart Agriculture Water Bot Figure 1 shows the system overview of the proposed Block Diagram for GSM Based Smart Agriculture Water Bot. Figure 2 indicates the node 1 of water Bot. As depicted in figure 2, soil moisture sensor is placed in the soil. It regularly checks the water content of the moisture and intimate to the BOT if the water content is below the required level through the GSM communication. Figure 2. Node 1 of Water Bot As shown in the figure 3, the node 2 of water Bot operates, when it gets the intimation from the GSM it reaches the intimated place and checks the humidity level with help of the humidity sensor. Servos are used to make the humidity sensor to the ground level. Figure 3. Node 2 of Water Bot editor@iaeme.com

4 Harikumar Rajaguru and R N Susheel Figure 4 shows the node 3 of the water Bot. As indicated in the figure 4, the tube will be connected to the arm like structure which is connected to the servo. Thus according to the humidity level the water pouring is controlled by the water pump which is fixed inside the water tank. Figure 4. Node Hardware Components: The hardware components of the system are shown in the figure 5 to figure Micro Processor and Soil Moisture sensor Figure 5 shows the structure of microprocessor Arduino ATMEGA328p is used to control the function. The program is dumped according to the user. Figure 6 depicts the soil moisture sensor. Figure 5.Arduino Micro Processor Figure 6. Soil moisture sensor Humidity Sensor and Obstacle Sensor The humidity sensor is shown if figure 7 will measure the soil humidity level based on the prevailing environmental condition in the field. Humidity checks the temperature and humidity level which is mentioned at the node editor@iaeme.com

5 Solar Based Automated Plant Watering Bot for Indian Agriculture Scenario Figure 7.Humidity sensor Figure 8. Ultrasonic sensor Figure 8 reflects the model of obstacle sensor. It works on the principle of reflection an refraction and returns in turns of the centimetres SOLAR PANEL : Figure 9 demonstrates the solar power panel which powers the entire system. Solar panels absorb the sunlight as a source of energy to generate electricity or heat. A photovoltaic module is a packaged; connect assembly of typically 6x10 photovoltaic solar cells [5]. It is used to get recharge. Figure 9.Solar panel 3. FIELD VISIT AND EXPERIMENTATION The soil moisture sensor is placed at the soil permanently at the row of the plant i.e. like garden. Once the soil moisture is reduced from the estimated level then the soil moisture sensor will alert the plant watering bot and also to the user through sms using the GSM. The plant watering robot will start pouring the water when it receives the soil moisture sensor. The pouring of the water will be depending on the humidity level. The servo motor is attached to the tube through which the water flows, at the back side of the bot it has the tank to have water and the motor is placed inside the water tank and so it can be pumped through the tube. When the bot is at the correct place the servo motor that rotates up to 90 degree and supply of water begin [4]. When it reaches it humidity level the servo motor will be back to its position. The pumping of the motor is controlled by the motor driver. The motor driver will be on until the humidity level of the soil is satisfied with the estimated level. Once the level is reached by the soil, motor will be switched off by controller. The movement control also controlled by means of the motor driver. LCD is used to display the temperature, humidity level. The dc motor is used for the movement. Ultrasonic sensor is used to avoid the obstacle that may interface in between the process. Figure 10 depicts a prototype model of the overall Plant watering Bot editor@iaeme.com

6 Harikumar Rajaguru and R N Susheel Figure 10. Overal Picture of Plant watering bot 5. DISCUSSION For node 1, it consists of the soil moisture sensor in the land and intimates if the water content is below the required quantity through the global system of communication technology (GSM) to the microprocessor in the bot. For node 2, it consists of humidity sensor and the servo motors. The humidity sensor is placed at the arm like structure which is controlled by the servo motors. When the node 1 process is over, which makes the bot to process in work it reaches it destination and checks the humidity level with the help of humidity sensor. The servo will make the sensor to reach the ground hence it can be measured and will display in the LCD. For node 3, it consists of the water tank and water pump. When the humidity sensor reaches the ground level with the help of servo which is mentioned in the node 2, if the humidity level of the plant if less, then the water pump will pump through the pipe attach from tank to the end of the arm like structure until it reaches it to its correct humidity level hence it is controlled by the processor by use of motor driver. The decision process in the micro controller is performed by the linear regression model. Let us consider Y is the given output from the controller based on three inputs (X1,X2, X3). The X represents the scalar values from soil moisture, humidity level and ultra sonic obstacle sensors. The linear regression model is designed as Y=a1X1+a2 X2 +a3x3, where values of a varies from 0 to 1. The cost analysis of watering Bot is shown in the Table 1 Sl.No 1 2 Parameters Water requirement for a day per Plant Litres Amount of Fertilizers Needed Table 1 Cost Analysis of Plant Watering Bot Requirements without watering Bot Requirements with watering Bot Cost Associated without Watering Bot Cost associated without Watering Bot x 0.8x x 0.4x 3 Manpower 3 1 3x x 4 Over Head Charges for Equipments x 1.5x 5 Total x 3.7x editor@iaeme.com

7 Solar Based Automated Plant Watering Bot for Indian Agriculture Scenario From the table 1 it is observed that the total cost for watering a plant without water Bot is 10x when compared with the Watering Bot which is at the level of 3.7x. This implies that the performance of watering with Bot is improved at the one third cost of without watering Bot. 6. SUMMARY In present days especially farmers are facing major problems in watering their agriculture fields, it s because they have no proper idea about when the power is available so that they can pump water. Even after then they need to wait until the fields is properly watered, which makes them to stop doing other activities. Here is an idea which helps not only farmers even for watering the gardens also, which sense the soil moisture and BOT automatically turns on and pour the water checking the humidity level. Hence, water scarcity can be greatly reduced. REFERENCES: [1] Joaquín Gutiérrez, Juan Francisco Villa-Medina, Alejandra Nieto-Garibay, and Miguel ÁngelPorta- Gándara Automated Irrigation System Using a Wireless Sensor Network and GPRS Module IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, Vol 63, No.1 pp ,2014 [2] F. Adamo ; G. Andria ; F. Attivissimo ; N. Giaquinto An Acoustic Method for Soil Moisture Measurement IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement Volume: 53, Issue: 4 pp ,2004 [3] Thomas J. Jackson ; Michael H. Cosh ; Rajat Bindlish ; Patrick J. Starks ; David D. Bosch ; Mark Seyfried ; David C. Goodrich ; Mary Susan Moran ; Jinyang Du, Validation of Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer Soil Moisture Products, IEEE Transactions on Geo science and Remote Sensing, Vol 48, no12, pp , 2010 [4] Jia Uddin ; S.M. Taslim Reza ; Qader Newaz ; Jamal Uddin ; Touhidul Islam ; Jong-Myon Kim, Automated Irrigation System Using Solar Power, 7th International Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering, pp ,2012 [5] P. Manimekalai, R. Harikumar, and S. Raghavan, SOGI Algorithm-Based Shunt Active Power Filter for Grid Integration of Photovoltaic Systems, J CIRCUIT SYST COMP, Vol 25, January 2016,DOI: /S [6] P.K. Kowsalya, R. Harikumar, Performance Analysis of Adaptive Routing Structure for Wireless Sensor Network Based on Load Balancing Springer Wireless Personal Communication, DOI /s y, Sep editor@iaeme.com