Education and training as a gateway to the labour market: Making inclusion real. Vocational education and training and social inclusion

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1 Education and training as a gateway to the labour market: Making inclusion real Vocational education and training and social inclusion Aviana Bulgarelli, Director Cedefop 1

2 Low-qualified people EU27- Changes in employment by highest level of education attained ( % change) have been hit hardest by the crisis 2008Q4-2009Q4 2007Q4-2008Q Unemployment rates by qualifications and incidence of long term to total unemployment (EU ) 2006Q4-2007Q % % 37.1% 39.0% Less than lower secondary Lower secondary Upper secondary Post secondary non tertiary Tertiary 35.0% N.B.: short VET programmes incl. in lower secondary 30.0% 28.8% 25.0% 20.0% 15.0% 10.0% 5.0% 3.9% 6.5% 11.2% are generally more likely to be jobless 0.0% Unenployment rate Incidence Long Term HIGH MEDIUM LOW Source: Cedefop's calculation on Eurostat data 2

3 Low-qualified people face higher risk of poverty Medium skilled baseline = BG CY M T CZ AT RO SI PT SK BE HU UK LT IE IT LU LV EU27 ES EE DE EL SE FR PL FI DK NL Relat ive povert y risk of low and high skilled (medium skilled risk of povert y =100) Low skilled High skilled Source: Eurostat, Cedefop calculations 3

4 Qualification demands are rising Better opportunities 80 million job openings, Million jobs Low qualifications Medium qualifications High qualifications 22% 29% 35% Elementary occupations % 50% 3 50% Plant and machine operators and assemblers Craft and related trades workers % 21% 15% Skilled agricultural and fishery workers Service workers and shop and market sales workers Employment share by qualification Clerks Technicians and associate professionals Professionals Legislators, senior officials and managers Low qualification Medium qualification High qualification Source: Cedefop , ,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 for the better qualified in all occupations 4

5 Still 78 million low-qualified people 25 EU27- Early school leavers (%) TOTAL FEMAL ES MALES EU benchmark 14.9% of year-olds leaving education & training early EU27-Lifelong learning by educational level (%), 2008 Source: Eurostat with fewer chances to upskill million low-qualified less than 4% in LLL Lower than upper secondary 8.2 Upper secondary and post secondary non tertiary Tertiary education Total 5

6 Social inclusion through VET Current VET policies: more emphasis on inclusion Focus on early school leavers, low skilled, older workers, migrants Variety of measures, attention to (preparing for) transitions: Lower secondary education VET Labour market Develop the right skills mix: specific and transversal Key competences: prerequisite for VET; within VET for inclusion Work-based learning (socialisation through work; crisis) Tailoring mainstream VET rather than targeted training to retain and reintegrate vulnerable groups Delivery, pedagogy 6

7 Support measures to promote inclusion Anticipate skill needs and supply long-term skill strategies communicate benefits of better skills to citizens and employers Focus and draw on what people know and can do Better use of skills and more opportunities to stretch skills at work Documentation of skills skills portfolio Information and guidance, mentoring (easier access, better quality of services for groups at risk) Valuing skills acquired through work and life competence-based assessment for further learning and recognition Bringing the worlds of education & training and work together New partnerships (incl. employment/social services, civic organisations) 7

8 VET and social inclusion VET can play a prominent role but it is not the universal remedy Education and training, employment, social and economic policies and tools need to go hand in hand Social partners have a crucial role to play 8

9 More information: Cedefop s reports on Skills supply and demand Guiding at-risk youth through learning to work VET policy since 2002 to be published in December2010 Thank you for your attention 9