YOUTH EMPLOYMENT IN THE SOUTHERN MEDITERRANEAN IWONA GANKO, ETF BRUSSELS, 22 MARCH 2018

Transcription

1 YOUTH EMPLOYMENT IN THE SOUTHERN MEDITERRANEAN IWONA GANKO, ETF BRUSSELS, 22 MARCH 2018

2 MINISTERIAL DECLARATION ETF S FOLLOW-UP ACTIONS SEPTEMBER 2016 MARCH 2018

3 This image cannot currently be displayed. Etf activities: REGIONAL TORINO PROCESS: monitoring of policy progress in education and training Regional event in February 2017 in Rabat Contribution to TAIEX Regional Seminar on Youth in RABAT (September 2017) and TAIEX Seminar on Social economy in Brussels (November 2017) Work-based learning studies: (MO, DZ, TN) / Regional study on Work based learning (WbL) in collaboration with UNESCO regional report in 2018 ENTREPRENEURIAL LEARNING: Fostering EL and skills for SMEs (SBA assessment for all countries, regional report second half 2018) Quality assurance in VET: focus group and peer learning activities Regional event in November 2017 Migrant support measures (MISMES): Studies in LB, JO, MA, TN (in the framework of the Mobility Partnership agreements) Skills mismatch measurement (EG, MO) 3

4 ETF ACTIVITIES: BILATERAL Skills anticipation and matching activities (designing an employers survey on skills needs for LB, labour market study with a focus on youth for TN, supporting delivery of youth integration projects and setting up LMIS at local level TN, DZ) Promoting and reinforcing skills and VET through anticipatory and multi-level governance (MA, TN, DZ) Supporting development of National Qualifications Frameworks (MA, TN, EG, JO) Monitoring & Evaluation system for the VET (PA, TN) Entrepreneurial learning (TN) Support to EUDs in designing, monitoring and evaluating EU programmes (all countries) 4

5 the SOUTHERN Mediterranean Regional context Demography: very young population: one third of the population under age of 15 Economy: jobless growth, high share of self-employed, high share of SMEs and micro-enterprises - major socio-economic driver, comprising over 95% of private enterprises (majority with less than 5 workers), significant informal sector. Labour market: two-thirds of the working age population are unemployed or inactive, only one in four women is on the labour market, lack of jobs for new entrants into the labour market, high youth unemployment one third of youth is not in employment, education or training (NEETs) Education & skills: relatively low educational attainment, although substantially increasing for youth, inverse correlation between education level and employment 5

6 Early school leaving Lack of appropriate skills EDUCATION Education not attractive, not inclusive Lack of support and guidance Information is not easily available or incomprehensible Poor links with labour market YOUNG PEOPLE PERSPECTIVE FAMILY / ENVIRONMENT EMPLOYMENT Lack of quality employment High expectations Long and discouraging job search Non-transparent recruitment processes Lack of work experience Skills mismatch Disconnected from the system Vicious cycle of vulnerability

7 the SOUTHERN Mediterranean Regional context Youth employment Youth unemployment Sources: ILOSTAT, Eurostat and National Statistical Offices 7

8 the SOUTHERN Mediterranean NEETs (% aged 15-24) NEETs rate Sources: ILOSTAT, Eurostat and National Statistical Offices 8

9 the SOUTHERN Mediterranean NEETs: gender dimension Sources: ILOSTAT, Eurostat and National Statistical Offices 9

10 YOUNG PEOPLE NOT IN EMPLOYMENT, EDUCATION OR TRAINING Heterogeneous group exposed to different types of vulnerability FAMILY CARER INACTIVE DISABLED FEMALE UNEMPLOYED DISCOURAGED HIGLY QUALIFIED LOW QUALIFIED

11 MAROCCO TUNISIE 1 OUT OF ALGERIA 1 PALESTINE EGYPT 1 OUT OF OUT OF

12 EDUCATION CHALLENGES EMPLOYMENT CHALLENGES ECONOMIC CHALLENGES Insufficient quality of education, including the quality and motivation of teachers. Lags in updating curriculums to the changing needs of the economy, resulting in discouragement (early school leaving) and skills mismatches Lack of tracking system for early school leavers, lack of mechanisms to reintegrate them Poor links between the education&training system and the labour market Insufficient presence of the private sector in the education&training systems governance structure Insufficient funding and inefficient/ ineffective allocation of financial resources DEFIS EDUCATIFS Weak quality-jobs creation Segmentation of the labour market in terms of working conditions (public vs private, formal vs. informal) Lack of labour market transparency, fragmentation and high informality Lack of incentives for integration into the formal labour market Weak role of the Public Employments Services Lack of a transparent and merit-based recruitment system (public and private sector) Labour market policy disconnected from other policies SOCIAL CHALLENGES 12

13 Systemic Approach: Evidence-based policy making Diagnosis: proper analysis of strengths and weaknesses to guide the design and implementation of reforms Insufficient qualitative and quantitative knowledge base for the policy relevance and responsiveness Need to recognise the importance for the individuals and for the society Targeting & formulation: tackling information gap and identification of key stakeholders are crucial steps in designing appropriate policies and targeted interventions Data and policies are disconnected, there is a clear need to systematise efforts to tackle information gaps (collection and consolidation) and use the (new) available information for the purpose policy-making and policy adjustments. Inefficient communication channels impacts on difficulty to engage with the young people outreaching as one of the major issues 13

14 SYSTEMIC APPROACH: EVIDENCE-BASED POLICY MAKING Governance: Ensuring effective and efficient public administration and public policies (design, implementation and evaluation) is key in tackling youth challenges Fragmented system of policy-making and a long distance to implementation. Ineffective implementation and insufficient monitoring and evaluation: slow pace of reforms, need to further focus on implementation and weak assurance of continuity in terms of policy implementation and mainstreaming tested solutions. Low level of accountability. Disconnection between the actors, weak interaction and cooperation resulting in inefficiencies. Weak horizontal governance (low institutional cooperation and insufficient involvement of private sector) and vertical (insufficient multilevel links between the central, regional/local and sectoral actors), lack of partnership between public and private actors Resources: Efficient and effective use of resources is necessary to face the growing pressure from the young generation Insufficient resources and inappropriate allocation of resources (not performance-based, lack of efficiency) Lack of transparency and low level of accountability. 14

15 Etf activities: PROVISION OF EXPERTISE Planned actions Torino Process: new cycle of biannual participatory analytical review of the status and progress of vocational education and training Support the European Commission in the steering of YEM EU funded regional project to be implemented by UNESCO Sharing expertise with regional actors: Collaboration and exchanges with the UfM Secretariat, participation in the Med4Jobs advisory group and contribution to the dialogue on skills Specific support to European Economic and Social Committee Euro-Med; follow-up next summit on VET and youth employment; active participation and provision of inputs to the Euro-Mediterranean Regional and Local Assembly on issues linked to territorial development Cooperation with the Anna Lindh Foundation on youth and civil society Supporting national initiatives Thematic work on the future of work and skills in the region 15

16 OPPORTUNITIES FOR FUTURE ACTIONS Shaping common strategic orientation and objectives: investing in people and for people Evidence-based and targeted policies and programmes, scaling up/mainstreaming effective initiatives and good practices Mainstreaming (youth) employability in strategic planning and in any policy design Involvement of new actors: civil society, social economy entities Strong focus on timely implementation Skills anticipation and development to address socio-economic demand access and education/training, attractiveness and quality of education/training provision efficient use of resources matching the demand for labour / matching supply and demand of expectations measures facilitating transition: career guidance, work-based learning, entrepreneurial learning, SME skills, first job support, mentoring/coaching Enhancing good governance: vertical and horizontal cooperation, partnership with private sector and civil society 16

17 WHAT S NEXT?