Efficiency of Digitalisation: Insights and Challenges

Transcription

1 Efficiency of Digitalisation: Insights and Challenges Mr. Upender Singh 1 and Mr. Rakesh Seervi 2, Dr. Surabhi Pandey 3, Army Institute Of Management And Technology Guru Gobind Singh Indraprasth University ABSTRACTS Digital India is an initiative by the Government of India to ensure that Government services are made available to citizens electronically by improving online infrastructure and by increasing Internet connectivity. It was launched on 1 July 2015 by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. The initiative includes plans to connect rural areas with high-speed internet networks. Digital India has three core components. These include the creation of digital infrastructure, delivering services digitally and digital literacy. The 2016 Union Budget Of India announced 11 technology initiatives including the use data analytics to nab tax evaders, creating a substantial opportunity for IT companies to build out the systems that will be required. Digital Literacy mission will cover six crore rural households. It is planned to connect 550 farmer markets in the country through the use of technology. This research paper provides insights and evidences related to the process and intensity of digitalization which our government has initiated. As we know that the population of India is billion and from these it s meager 13% of total population is using 3G. Main question to the Government Of India is Are you taking measures that all the government institutions are using 3G internet connection.. In India the 3G spectrum started in the Year 2007 but till now the government institutions are using 2G only. The main research objectives are to study the satisfaction level among the consumer s using ISP s and to study the market potential for the 4G companies. The paper is based on the data collected from the four states of India i.e. Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh and Gujarat about the usage of the high speed internet connection in the government institutions. We have found that the 91% of the government institutions are using low speed internet connection. The lack of government initiation is seen throughout the process. No surveys are being done by the government to ensure that the high speed connection is being implemented. The lack of infrastructure and the government policies are seen at a very large scale. Keywords : Digitalization, ISP, e-governance, Bandwidth, Broadband, Leaseline. INTRODUCTION Digitalization, as we call it today, is sweeping across every aspect of our daily lives in all possible ways. Right from gathering the news we find in the newspapers every morning to the billing process at our neighborhood grocery shop, it is digital technology that is making tasks faster and more accurate. The process of digitalization was initiated some five decades back with the advent of computing technologies and digital electronics. Today digitalization can be seen as a tool of transformation which extends beyond our lifestyle to the way we transact, interact and conduct business. Research talks about all the sectors like communication, media, healthcare, retail and manufacturing we are increasingly seeing the use of digital technology. The landscape of this digital age is increasingly being driven by innovations in e-communications, e-commerce and the ever increasing deployment of the internet to create economies based on high technology, massive communication, knowledge creation and innovation. It is very important to understand and appreciate the factors that are ushering is such changes and how these are impacting the modern day business. The increasing use of digital media in business communication and data dissemination has led to a rapid growth of e-commerce and m-commerce across the world. Objectives of Digitalization: The objectives of initiating the Digitalization in India are as follows: 1. To digitize all the physical data and digitally connect the country. 2. To connect all the citizens of India with a common linkage. 324 Mr. Upender Singh, Mr. Rakesh Seervi, Dr. Surabhi Pandey

2 3. Open access of information online anyone, anywhere, anytime. 4. Transforming India into connected knowledge economy and providing world class economy. 5. To avail government services electronically to every citizen of our nation. RESEARCH BACKGROUND The digital India initiatives in India took a broader dimension in the mid 1990s for wider sect oral applications with emphasis on citizen-centric services. The major ICT initiatives of the Government included, inter alia, some major projects such as railway computerization, land record computerization, etc. which focused mainly on the development of information systems. Later on, many states started ambitious individual e-governance projects aimed at providing electronic services to citizens. Though these e-governance projects were citizen-centric, they could make less than the desired impact due to their limited features. The isolated and less interactive systems revealed major gaps that were thwarting the successful adoption of e-governance along the entire spectrum of governance. They clearly pointed towards the need for a more comprehensive planning and implementation for the infrastructure required to be put in place, interoperability issues to be addressed, etc. to establish a more connected government. Later on in the year 2006, e-kranti was started with covering a wide range of domains, viz. agriculture, land records, health, education, passports, police, courts, municipalities, commercial taxes, treasuries etc. LIMITATIONS IN THE FUNCTIONING OF DIGITALIZATION: The shortcomings noticed in the functioning of the Digitalization as it is structured presently, range from being more to the private sector rather than the government sector. The system has however come to stay, notwithstanding it s shortcomings, because millions of the citizens are not being connected uder the e- governance plan of India. The programmes like Digital India initiated by the Honourable Prime Minister Narendra Modi in July 2015 are must to ensure an adequate coverage of the e-governance and e-choupal. Modernising India: The internet revolution has redefined the business to consumer industries such as media, retail, and financial services. In the next 10 years, the Internet of Things revolution will dramatically alter manufacturing, energy, agriculture, transportation, and other industrial sectors of the economy which nearly two-thirds of the global gross domestic product. It will also fundamentally transform how people will work through new interactions between humans and machines. The basis of the competition, redraw industry boundaries and create a new wave of disruptive companies. Cost Ineffectiveness: It is also said that the digitalization is not cost effective, it s operations are too costly and the ratio between the procurement and implementation are too high pointing to the wasteful movements. It is also considered that the storage losses are very high. However if we were to analyze the transmission losses which also incur a huge loss. We cast our research net wide, wanting to understand how search technologies affect businesses, individuals, and public service entities so that the health care and education in the public services. Negligible impact on the government institutions regarding digitalizing: The research study by Abhishek Singh in the year 2013 states that all the government institutions including schools, colleges, hospitals, public banks and the government offices do not have the proper infrastructure for the highspeed internet connection. The satisfaction level of the customers of the government ISP s are not very happy with them. Basically, the research was based on the data services usage, major players in the internet services, and henceforth concluded it. Less Connectivity: Many studies have also reported to enable new ways of connectivity for networking, interfacing and producing content.the capacity and the force to disrupt existing social and economic relations and thus have major impacts on society. The paper investigates the socio-economic of emerging e-ruptions, in an attempt to try and contextualize their implications and relevance for policy formulation. 325 Mr. Upender Singh, Mr. Rakesh Seervi, Dr. Surabhi Pandey

3 Now what we see that there is a less of infrastructure and the policies due to which everything is out of context. Missed in Targeting: The government initiated with the digitalization of India so that everyone can be connected. But the research done by Jacques Bughin in 2011 states that they have missed it. The casting of our research net wide, wanting to understand the search technologies affect businesses, individuals, and public service entities and hence it is not able to do the task successfully. The search technology also varies depending upon the geography and the economic circumstances: to the specific date, much of the analysis has been done and concentrated to the Indian market. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES : The objectives of this research are: 1. To study the customer satisfaction level using Governmnet ISP s 2. To find out the market share of the companies using the government ISP s. 3. To study the market potential for the 4G companies. 4. To estimate the potential customers in the government institutions. 5. To provide the solutions to increase the efficiency of digitalizing in the new era. RESEARCH METHODS AND DATA COLLECTIONS A descriptive research design was chosen for the study. There is only one entity involved in the functioning of the Digitalization i.e. the government. The data was ccollected from the four states of India i.e. Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Rajasthan and Gujarat. Sampling technique applied was simple random and 500 government institutions were surveyed to collect the feedback and record the satisfaction level. A structured questionnaire was used for collecting data from the customers. All the government institutions like schools, colleges, hospitals and the government offices of the four states mentioned above were done rigorously. Structured Interview was schedules were developed to collect feedback from the employees of the four states. The employees of all the government institutions included the Principals, Directors, Deans and the Chairpersons of the various government offices. The other sampling technique were the employees of the Telecom Ministry, in total 10 employees of the Telecom Ministry were interviewed to get the data more concrete and reliable. The research was conducted for a period of over 60 days that comprises of determining, evaluating, and selecting the best course of action to take in a given situation. DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATIONS: Table no 1 S.NO Internet service provider Percentage usage 1 BSNL 53 2 Private 40 3 Local channel Mr. Upender Singh, Mr. Rakesh Seervi, Dr. Surabhi Pandey

4 Internet Service Provider BSNL PRIVATE LOCAL VENDOR 0% 7% 40% 53% Interpretation: 53% of government organizations, institutes & offices are completely depending upon BSNL. 40% of government organizations, institutes & offices are also using private internet services along with Government ISPs. Organizations and institutes in deep rural areas (4%)are completely depending upon the local internet service provider. Table no 2 S.no Why this Isp Percentage response 1 Mandatory 70 2 Speed & cost effective 18 3 Unavailability of others 12 Why ISP Mandatory Speed & cost effective unavailability of others 12% 18% 70% Interpretation: 70% of government organizations, institutes & offices are using BSNL internet connection because it has made mandatory to BSNL connection. 18% of government organizations, institutes & offices 327 Mr. Upender Singh, Mr. Rakesh Seervi, Dr. Surabhi Pandey

5 prefer BSNL over other as due to its speed and cost effectiveness. 12% of government organizations using BSNL as due to unavailability of other better ISPs. Table no 3 S.no Type of connection use Percentage usage 1 Broadband 85 2 Leaseline 11 3 Others(fiber, USB drives) 4 Type of conection Broad band leaseline others 11% 4% 85% Interpretation: 85% of government organizations, institutes & offices are using BSNL broadband. 11% of government organizations, institutes & offices are using high speed dedicated lease line.4% on government Organizations and institutes in deep rural areas completely depending other modes. Table 4 s. no Internet type Percentage usage 1 2G,2.5G,2.74G G G G Mr. Upender Singh, Mr. Rakesh Seervi, Dr. Surabhi Pandey

6 Bandwidth(Inernet Speed use) below 512kbps(2g & 2.5g &2.75G ) 2-5mbps (3G) 5-7 mbps(3.5g) Above 7 mbps( 4G) 4% 10% 13% 73% Interpretation: 73% of government organizations, institutes &offices are using 2G, 2.5G, 2.75G (speed below 512Kbps). 13% of government organizations, institutes & offices are using 3G (speed 2-5Mbps). 10% of governments organizations, institutes & offices are using 3.5G, (speed 5-7 Mbps). 4% of government organizations, institutes & offices are using 4G. Table no 5 S no Internet service provider Satisfaction level percentage 1 Government ISP 61 2 Private ISPs 35 3 Local channel 4 Satisfaction level Gov. ISP PRIVATE LOCAL VENDORS 4% 35% 61% Interpretation: 61% of government organizations, institutes &offices are satisfied while using only government internet service provider. 35 % of government organizations, institutes & offices are satisfied in 329 Mr. Upender Singh, Mr. Rakesh Seervi, Dr. Surabhi Pandey

7 using private internet service provider. 4% of government s organizations, institutes & offices are satisfied using internet from local vendors. Table no 6 S no Problem faced Percentage 1 Downtime 22 2 Post service 10 3 Speed 11 4 No problem 57 Interpretation: 47% government organizations, institutes &offices are facing problem while using government internet service provider 22% of facing Downtime problem, 10 % facing the problem of post services and 11% facing the problem of speed. Table no. 7 S.No Ability to Expense Percentage 1 Below 50, ,000-1lakh lakh lakh and above Mr. Upender Singh, Mr. Rakesh Seervi, Dr. Surabhi Pandey

8 Ready to expense below 50,000 50,000-1 lakh 1-2 lakh 2 lakh and above 4% 18% 26% 52% Interpretation: 52% of government organizations, institutes &offices are ready to expend 0-50,000 on yearly basis on new connection of high speed internet. 26% of government organizations, institutes & offices are ready to expend 50,000-1lakh on yearly basis on new connection of high speed internet. 18% of government organizations, institutes &offices are ready to expend 1lakh-2lakh on yearly basis on new connection of high speed internet. 4% of government organizations, institutes &offices are ready to expend 2lakh and abobe yearly basis on new connection of high speed internet. RESULT DISCUSSION & MAJOR FINDINGS OF THE STUDY We have found that the digital India programme which is being launched by our honourable Prime Minister Narendra Modi does not satisfy the government institutions. The lack of the government initiation is seen throughout the process. No surveys are being done by the government to ensure whether the institutions are using the high-speed internet connection. The end-customers are not being able to utilize the facilities being provided by the government. The problems of infra-structural and office services are also seen at a very large scale. The lack of finance, policies being formulated by the government. There are no Training and the development programmes for the employees of the government institutions to be familiar with the Digital India. 1. Procedural Challenges: i. Government Of India: The government is facing a shortage of employees due to which they are having a lot of problems in the procurement and implementation of the Digital India. They do not have storehouses for the proper storage of the Internet Service Providers and the implementation of policies formulated by them. ii. Government Institutions: When the government launch any programmes like Digital India or the other related ones the employees in the government institutions have to work simultaneously in order to make it successful. When the employees are going for these, it requires skills according to the tasks which asks for more precision. 2. Human Resource Challenges: i. Government Of India: The Government of India is facing a shortage of the employees. The number of employees who should be there are not sufficient for fulfilling the overall responsibilities which must be functioned properly. Due to this each employee is over-burdened with two to three responsibilities. This makes the employee restrained for completing the duties properly. ii. Government Institutions: The number of employees who should be there in the government institutions like schools, hospitals, colleges, universities are not sufficient enough whether the programmes which are initiated by the central government are being fulfilled or not. 331 Mr. Upender Singh, Mr. Rakesh Seervi, Dr. Surabhi Pandey

9 3. Functional Challenges: i. Government Of India: The number of the storehouses are not sufficient enough for the procurement and the implementation of the high-speed internet connections. The programmes which are firstly initiated by the government are not being implemented throughout India. Only the Hotel Industry are being using the high speed internet connection. ii. Government Institutions: The government institutions of all the four states do not have the skilled employees who have a free hand while using high-speed internet connection. We have seen that no Research and Development programmes are either initiated by the Central Government or the Government Institution themselves that the digital india could have been successful. PROPOSED SOLUTIONS TO INCREASE THE EFFECTIVENESS DIGITALIZATION IN THE NEW ERA: 1. Solutions to Procedural problems: i. Government Of India: The central government should focus on the recruitments of the B and C grade employees which would enhance the working in an efficient manner. The burden which the employees are facing right now due to which they are having a lot of mental tension. They should also focus on the proper implementation of the Digital India and the related programmes so that the high speed internet connection are being done. ii. Government Institutions: The government institutions like schools, colleges, hospitals and government offices of all the four states should also focus on the skills development of the employees. The Research and Development programmes must be there to see the lackness in the system to be available. 2. Solutions to Human Resource Problems: i. Government Of India: The Government Of India should focus on having sufficient employees for the implementation of the programmes like Digital India and other programmes to be successful. No employee should be overburdened with the responsibilities. Hence for every organization, the employees are the backbone of them and having said that it is must for them. ii. Government Institutions: The government institutions of all the four states should make sure that there are sufficient members to develop the skills and the abilities to execute it. The fundings done by the government should be evaluated on the human resource and are done a simultaneous manners. 3. Solutions to Functional Challenges: i. Government Of India: The number of the storehouses should be made enough for the procurement and the implementation of the high-speed internet connection. The sectors like education, hospitals, healthcare, and the government offices have to increase the skills and the talents so that we are able to really have the INDIA TOMORROW. ii. Government Institutions: The Research and Development programmes must be initiated by them so that we know where the gap is and what needs to be done to fill that gap. It needs to be more effective at the cost of the high-speed services. The speed and the downtime things need to be done and maintained at an appropriate time. Lots of organization would be successful in having it. REFRENCES Mr. Upender Singh, Mr. Rakesh Seervi, Dr. Surabhi Pandey