Hungary s geothermal potential and utilization

Transcription

1 Hungary s geothermal potential and utilization Annamária Nádor Geological and Geophysical Institute of Hungary XIX. Épületgépészeti Szakmai Napok, október 10-11, Debrecen

2 Geothermal resources of Europe high enthalpy (el. power) high temp. basins (el. power, direct heat) medium temp. basins (direct heat ) everywhere shallow geothermal Pannonian basin: outstanding potentials EGEC

3 Pannoninan basin formation: back-arc style rifting and thinning lithosphere in Miocene Bada and Horváth, 2001

4 Average terrestrial heat flow: 100 mw/m 2 (continental average: 60 mw/m 2 ) Geothermal gradient: 45 C/km (continental average: 33 C/km) Lenkey et al., 1999

5 Dövényi et al., 2002 Temperature distribution 500 m below the surface

6 Dövényi et al., 2002 Temperature distribution 1000 m below the surface

7 Dövényi et al., 2002 Temperature distribution 2000 m below the surface

8 Pannonian basin - hot sedimentary aquifer (convectional flow system): utilization of geothermal energy thermal groundwater / fluid abstraction high heat flux thermal insolation of basin fill sediments regional groundwater flows driven by hydraulic potential between recharge and discharge areas 1 Main geothermal reservoirs Paleo-Mesozoic fractured, karstified basement rocks Miocene porous and carbonate reservoirs Mio-Pliocene porous basin fill: multilayered sandstones, shales depth (top) > m Basement highs m temperature > C C C prospect power, CHP CHP, direct heat direct heat, balneology

9 thermal wells of basement aquifers thermal wells of porous basin fill aquifers ~1300 thermal wells (>30 C) 788 operating wells (2010) thermal power: 654,6 MWt

10 Outflow temperature C

11 Outflow temperature C

12 Outflow temperature C

13 Outflow temperature 90 C <

14 Current utilization schemes No. of thermal wells Abstracted amount of thermal water (million m 3 ) Installed capacity (MW th ) Annual use (TJ/y) Balneology , Agriculture - animal husbandries, other 68 2,09 56,3 750 Agricultureheating of greenhouses and plastic tents 86 7,25 185, Heating (DH, town-heatnig and individual buildings) 51 6,76 132, Industry 15 1,44 8,3 170 Otherdrinking water 87 10,8 25, Other - sanitary water 22 2,73 18,4 220 Otherundefined 17 0,57 5,41 80 TOTAL ,44 697, Nádor et al.2013

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16 Unconventional geothermal systems: EGS Dövényi et al. 2005

17 New energy strategy of Hungary National characters Import dependency: ~ 83% of hydrocarbons Security supply, focus on own resources European market 4,5 billion m 3 /y Total consumption: 12 billion m 3 /y Russian import 20 billion m 3/ y Main aim: ensure the longterm sustainability, security, and economic competitiveness of energy supply in Hungary Increasing the share of renewables Own production: 1,8-2,0 billion m 3 /y 6,5 bn m 3 /yr 4,1 bn m 3 /yr 4,5 bn m 3 /yr RES Directive (2009/28/EC): 13% RES for Hungary Hungary: not an obligation but a POSSIBILITY for economic growth: 14,65% RES by 2020 (120,57 PJ)

18 Contribution of geothermal energy % of total RES % of total RES Direct heat (PJ) 4,23 14,95 Electricity production (MW) Distribution of RES in the Electricity and Heating-Cooling sectors

19 Licensing of exploration and production: regulation is based on depth (-2500 m concession) and type of production Depth below surface (m) Open area Below 2500 Closed area Type of production Closed loop, no water produced (GSHP) Abstraction of thermal water Not relevant, Concession procedure Licensing Authority Regional Mining Inspectorate Regional Inspectorates for Environment, Nature and Water water permit also considered as a license for prospection, exploitation and utilization of geothermal energy Hungarian Office for Mining and Geology: CVIA Minister signs concession contract Regional Mining Inspectorates: designation of geothermal protection zones

20 Concession Mining Act 49 (24): Below m: entire country is closed - exploration and exploitation (irrespect of utilization type!) in the frame of CONCESSION Since 2011 altogether 14 geothermal proposals for concessional areas from enterpreneurs for areas with best potentials Complex vulnerability and impact assessments (pre-requisite for call for tender) completed for 10 geothermal areas In August 2013, three geothermal blocks tendered All information available (documents to be downloaded) at

21 Technical barriers reinjection, compulsory for energetic use Basis for regulating re-injection: water management aspect: quantity status of aquifers River Basin Management Plans (Water Framework Directive) quantity status of porous thermal aquifers (i.e. sandstone reservoirs) energetic use without reinjection cannot be SOLELY accused for unsatisfactory aquifer status much of balneological use could be re-injected (heating of freshwater pools)

22 Reinjection outlook Re-injection into sandstone needs more R&D (heterogenous sandstone lithology) Re-injectivity potential of porous and karstic aquifers (Tóth, 2011)

23 Conclusions Due to the favorable geological setting, the geothermal potential of Hungary is very good In the current utilization balneology is overwhlemming, direct use in agriculture is significant, but much beyond the potentials in district heating Ambitious NREAP numbers forecast a 3,5 times growth in direct heat and establishment of power production by 2020 Foster geothermal energy production: no restrictions from resource side, dismantle non-technical barriers, e.g. reliable and transparent regulatory framework, short licensing, appropriate financial incentives (e.g. support of green-heat, risk insurance, etc.) R&D in re-injection into porous reservoirs First concession tenders published

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