OWEA Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition Upgrading WRFs for Biological Nutrient Removal. June 25, 2015

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1 OWEA Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition Upgrading WRFs for Biological Nutrient Removal June 25, 2015

2 Agenda Permitting and Planning BNR Overview Case Example Innovative Approaches

3 Proactive Participation in NPDES Nutrient Permits Can Save Millions Traditional Limits Weekly/Monthly Annual, 6-month, or Seasonal More Recent Max day limits - Stringent Ammonia and Ultimate Oxygen Demand 5-Year Bubble Permits HRSD TN and TP Compliance flexibility Focus on most cost effective upgrades instead of upgrading each WRF Implementation Periods 2-4 permit cycles for low nutrients (typ) HRSD, Meeting Minutes for 3/23/2010, Brown and Caldwell 3

4 NEORSD P Removal - Impact of Averaging Period Averaging Period Filtration Capacity Required, mgd 0.5 mg/l TP 0.3 mg/l TP Easterly (100 mgd annual, 400 mgd peak) 30 Day Average 90 Day Average 180 Day Average

5 Typical Nutrient Removal Planning Scenarios Item Ammonia mgn/l Total Nitrogen, mgn/l Total Phosphorus, mgp/l Nitrification Varies Biological Nutrient Removal -- <8 to 10 <1.0 Enhanced Nutrient Removal -- <3 to 4 <0.3 ENR and beyond -- <2 to 3 <0.05 to 0.1 Different Solutions when overlaying permit averaging

6 Key Source Material: Research by the Water Environment Research Foundation Nutrient impacts are seldom responsive to short term variations Study of long term statistics on the performance on exemplary nutrient removal plants Examples of nutrient permit bases Bott and Parker, 2011 Conclusions about type of technology on performance statistics

7 Key Source Material: Research by WERF Nutrient Management Vol. 2-Bott & Parker 2011 Study of long term statistics on performance of exemplary nutrient removal systems TP or OP (mg P/L) TP or OP (mg P/L) TP 0.01 TP OP OP Ln-Normal Values mg/l, 95% of time; 10 Florida plants achieve 3.5 Ln-Normal Values Daily % of Values Less Than or Equal to Indicated Value Monthly 1 Only 4 plants identified meeting max day effluent 0.1 likely required for reliability TP OP Ln-Normal Values TP or OP (mg P/L) TP or OP (mg P/L) Weekly 0.1 N Removal Plants 4- or 5-stage Bardenpho plants almost meet TN=3 mg/l. Cold climate Kalkaska plant may reach 3.0 mg/l TN % of Values Less Than or Equal to Indicated Value Annual NH 4 -N criterion of 4 mg/l additional facilities TP OP Ln-Normal Values % of Values Less Than or Equal to Indicated Value % of Values Less Than or Equal to Indicated Value

8 BNR Upgrade Overview

9 Nitrifying Activated Sludge Plant Increase SRT to days Additional Bioreactor : 2x to 3x AEROBIC CLARIFIER EFFLUENT RETURN SLUDGE WASTE SLUDGE

10 Adding Bio-P to Nitrification Selector: 15-20% Total Volume ANAEROBIC ANAEROBIC AEROBIC AEROBIC CLARIFIER CLARIFIER EFFLUENT EFFLUENT TP < mg /L (Monthly) RETURN SLUDGE RETURN SLUDGE WASTE SLUDGE WASTE SLUDGE Struvite Control Capacity Loss 0

11 Total Nitrogen Removal Anoxic Zone: 30% Total Volume ANAEROBIC ANOXIC AEROBIC CLARIFIER MIXED LIQUOR RECYCLE EFFLUENT TN < 10 mg /L (Monthly) RETURN SLUDGE WASTE SLUDGE Capacity Loss 20%

12 Combining TP and TN removal Selector: 15-20% Total Volume ANAEROBIC Anoxic Zone: 30% Total Volume ANOXIC AEROBIC CLARIFIER EFFLUENT MIXED LIQUOR RECYCLE RETURN SLUDGE TP < mg/l TN < 10 mg /L (Monthly) WASTE SLUDGE Capacity Loss 25-30% Struvite Control

13 Further Reducing Phosphorus Discharges Scenario Effluent TP, mg P/L Monthly Annual Alum Dual Media or Deep Bed Filters Filters <0.3 < Membranes <0.2 < Membranes Alum Dual Media or Deep Bed Filters Scenario Effluent TP, mg P/L Monthly Annual Filters <0.1 <0.1 Membranes <0.1 <0.1 CoMag w/o Filters <0.1 <0.1 Membranes

14 Total Nitrogen Removal: Building on what you own Process Type Performance of Exemplary Plants, Max Month Performance,EPA and WERF Study, TN mg/l Influent Carbon for Denitrification 4 to 11 Influent Carbon and External Carbon (with Filtration) Nitrify First, Denitrify with External Carbon (with Filtration) <4 <3 Combination (with Filtration) 3 to 4

15 Influent Carbon and External Carbon (with Filtration) 5-Stage Bardenpho Process CARBON ANAEROBIC ANOXIC AEROBIC ANOXIC AEROBIC CLARIFIER EFFLUENT MIXED LIQUOR RECYCLE RETURN SLUDGE WASTE SLUDGE Annual TN= 4 mg N/L with filtration

16 Nitrify First, Denitrify with External Carbon (with Filtration) ORGANIC CARBON ANAEROBIC AEROBIC CLARIFIER ANOXIC AEROBIC CLARIFIER RETURN SLUDGE WASTE SLUDGE RETURN SLUDGE Dentrification Activated sludge Annual TN= 3-4 mg N/L with filtration Biologically activated filters (Biostyr, Biofor) Deep Bed Denite filters 16

17 Case Example Progression from Nitrification to BNR/ENR Step Feed Nitrifying Activated with Seasonal Nitrification Limit Summer: 2 mg/l NH3-N Winter: 5-15 mg/l NH3-N No P limit Phase 1 Upgrades Reduce TP to 1 mg/l Phase 2 Upgrades TP: 0.3 to 0.1 mg/l TN: 4 to 10 mg N/L

18 Phase 1 Maximized Capacity to Save $100M+

19 Selector Zones

20 Effluent TP, mg/l Phase 1 Reduce TP to 1.0 mg/l Results 3.0 Daily Daily 30-DMA Annual Moving

21 Phase 2: Reduced Phosphorus Discharges 2A 0.3 mg/l (Filters) 2B 2B 0.1 mg/l 2A

22 1/1/2009 2/8/2009 3/18/2009 4/25/2009 6/2/2009 7/10/2009 8/17/2009 9/24/ /1/ /9/2009 1/16/2010 2/23/2010 4/2/2010 5/10/2010 6/17/2010 7/25/2010 9/1/ /9/ /16/ /24/2010 1/31/2011 3/10/2011 4/17/2011 5/25/2011 7/2/2011 8/9/2011 9/16/ /24/ /1/2011 1/8/2012 2/15/2012 3/24/2012 5/1/2012 6/8/2012 7/16/2012 Effluent Total Nitrogen, mg N/L Existing Nitrogen Discharges NO3-N Ammonia-N Organic N NO2-N

23 Phase 2 TN Reduction Using Influent Carbon Monthly TN= 10 mg N/L RAS Anaerobic Anoxic RAS SI To FST 300% SI

24 Phase 2 - Influent Carbon for TN Reduction Monthly TN= 10 mg N/L Monthly TP = 1.0 mg/l

25 Phase 2 Nitrify First, Denitrify with External Carbon Denite Filters TP < 0.3 mg/l TN< 4 or < 10 mg N/L

26 Phase 2 Nitrify First, Denitrify with External Carbon Denite MBBR Tert. Clarifiers Membranes TP < 0.1 mg/l TN< 4 or < 10 mg N/L

27 Innovation

28 How Why Why/How to Innovate in Our Industry? Cost, Energy, Footprint Efficiency = Sustainability Pilot BNR 1 st Generation Basic Research Pilot-scale Research Demonstration-scale Research Brown and Caldwell 28

29 Development/Number Installed S Curve for Innovation Laggards? Mature Technology Late Majority Innovative (Increased Risk) Pilot First Demonstration Second Generation First Generation Time Conventional (Low risk) Early Majority Early Adopters Innovators Parker s and Roger s S Curves Combined for Brown and Caldwell Status of Technology and Type of Adopter 29

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31 BNR Innovation Examples Dixie Drain, Boise ID: P removal-water trading Littleton-Englewood CO: Effluent recycle for TN Marley Taylor WRF MD: BioMag process Nampa ID: P removal, A/O MLE, groundwater infiltrn St Petersburg FL: Mainstream Nitrite shunt Chambers Creek, Tacoma WA: Demon sidestream N Minneapolis (MCES): Air Mixed Selectors Brown and Caldwell 31

32 Dixie Drain Phosphorus Trade, Boise River TMDL allocated point sources at 0.07 mg/l TP City of Boise strategy: Treat to ~0.5 mg/l at WWTP Treat agricultural return flows Projected cost savings: $40 million Brown and Caldwell 32

33 Nitrified Effluent Recycle Reduces TN and Methanol Needs TN Reduction Headworks odor suppression Methanol savings: $0.25 M/yr Phase 2

34 Marlay Taylor WRF BioMag Process Clarifier SLR to 100 lb/sf-d Plant Capacity increased 2x-3x 30-40% adder to BNR energy ESS = 1-3 mg/l (tertiary filters)

35 St Petersburg Southwest Water Reclamation Facility - Nitrite Shunt

36 Nitrite Shunt 25% Oxygen Reduction 40% carbon and biomass reduction Brown and Caldwell 36

37 Creating Conditions for Nitrite Shunt Control Parameter NH 4 + Control Condition NH 4 + < 1.0 mg N/L NH 4 + > 3.0 mg N/L Action Reduce SRT DO = 0.1 mg/l. Increase SRT DO = 0.1 to 0.3 mg/l. NO 3 - Control NO 2 - Control NO 3 - > 1.0 mg N/L NO 3 - < 1.0 mgn/l Decrease DO =0.1 mg/l Monitor NO 2 - accumulation in basin No action required Monitor effluent NO 2 - as surrogate measurement of shunt performance

38 Nitrogen Species, mg/l Total Phosphorus, mg/l Southwest Water Reclamation Facility - Nitrite Shunt Operations /28/13 8/4/13 8/11/13 8/18/13 8/25/13 9/1/13 Ammonia Nitrite Nitrate 0 07/28/13 08/04/13 08/11/13 08/18/13 08/25/13 09/01/13 Influent Effluent Aeration Demands Reduced 40-50%

39 Chambers Creek Demon Process $6 million in capital & O&M savings Multi-process to address lack of nitrogen limits in permit Brown and Caldwell 39

40 Air Mixed Selectors

41 Phosphate, mg PO4-P/L Air Mixed Selector Typical Basin Profile 40 AM Profile 11-Mar-15 PM Profile Selector End Pass 1 End Pass 2 Mid Pass 3 AB-0 Selector End Pass 1 AB-6 End Pass 2 Mid Pass 3

42 1/1/2001 7/1/2001 1/1/2002 7/1/2002 1/1/2003 7/1/2003 1/1/2004 7/1/2004 1/1/2005 7/1/2005 1/1/2006 7/1/2006 1/1/2007 7/1/2007 1/1/2008 7/1/2008 1/1/2009 7/1/2009 1/1/2010 7/1/2010 1/1/2011 7/1/2011 1/1/2012 7/1/2012 1/1/2013 7/1/2013 1/1/2014 7/1/2014 1/1/2015 Effluent Total Phosphorus, mg/l Air Mixed Selectors EBPR Stress Testing Pseudo Selector On-line EBPR Improvements Liquid Stream and Digester Construction New Industry On-line Anaerobic Digesters Operational Reduced DO Daily 12-Month Rolling Average

43 Thank you! Don Esping, P.E.