Elizabeth Larson, CBAP, PMP, CSM CEO, Watermark Elizabeth Larson

Transcription

1 Elizabeth Larson, CBAP, PMP, CSM CEO, Watermark Learning Enhanced 1 Performance. Enduring Elizabeth Larson

2 Describe the essential models to use during requirements analysis Learn how models work together and complement each other Learn how to leverage modeling for more effective elicitation and complete requirements

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6 Modeling requirements is extremely useful in elicitation

7 Modeling is hard at first

8 Could get real messy quickly

9 ...especially if we get distracted by using the one and only correct notation

10 Isn t modeling just a collection of text, diagrams and matrices?

11 Represent current or future realities Communicate abstract concept to different audiences

12 Break into small groups Introduce yourselves Discuss barriers (2-3) Common themes?

13 With all these barriers, why should we model requirements?!

14 Model Ask Confirm Listen Synthesize

15 So, how you which models to? Contact Location # contact id (FK) # location id (FK) Location # location id address city state/province country postal code... Contact # contact id customer number (FK) last name first name middle initial o title phone o address... Customer # customer number o company name o date of incorp o number of household members credit limit date added... Order # order number customer number (FK) date of order time of order order status... Shipment # shipment number actual ship date actual ship time location nbr (FK) ship mode shipper tracking nbr... Order Fulfillment # order number (FK) # product id (FK) # location nbr (FK) # shipment nbr (FK) quantity shipped Order Item # order number (FK) # product id (FK) # location nbr (FK) o invoice nbr (FK) selling price projected ship date quantity ordered...

16 Process Data D O Scope K N O W Interaction U S E User Interface

17 Discussion: Which are your favorite models?

18 Simon says My goal is to review these models and show-- How they relate to each other How to get started by asking 3-5 questions Everybody do the wave!

19 Process Process models depict how to get the job done Models include: SIPOCs Process Maps/Flowcharts Workflow diagrams Activity diagrams Data flow diagrams State diagrams What is a process?

20 Process Model Example Process Sample Questions 1. What are initial inputs and final outputs? 2. Who produces inputs and gets outputs? 3. Which steps are done and in what sequence? What happens most commonly? 4. What are the alternates and exceptions? 5. How many, how often, and when (what triggers the process)?

21 Simon says Everybody find something out about your neighbor in this room their name, their title, their company, and how long they have worked there

22 Data Data models show the data and the rules of the business how they are used Models include: Entity relationship diagrams Class diagrams Data dictionaries Logical models not physical data models or physical database design

23 Entity/Relationship Diagram (ERD) Default to United States? What are the allowed values? Facts Contact Location # contact id (FK) # location id (FK) Location # location id address city state/province country postal code... Shipment # shipment number actual ship date actual ship time location nbr (FK) ship mode shipper tracking nbr... Contact # contact id customer number (FK) last name first name middle initial o title phone o address... Customer # customer number o company name o date of incorp o number of household members credit limit date added... Order # order number customer number (FK) date of order time of order order status... Data Minimums and maximums Each customer can place any number of orders, but each order has to be placed by a single customer Business Rules Sample Questions 1. What business information do you care about? 2. What are the facts about that information? 3. Can you leave the screen without filling in the information? What Order are Itemthe defaults (if any) and Order Fulfillment # order number (FK) # product id (FK) # allowed order number values? (FK) # location nbr (FK) # product id (FK) o invoice nbr (FK) # location nbr (FK) selling price # shipment nbr (FK) projected ship date quantity shipped quantity ordered Is the relationship between two pieces of business information required? Can you set up one piece of business information without setting up the other? 5. What are the min/max for each relationship?

24 Describes data in business terms Items to include: Name Description Alias Values/meanings Derived data Entity Information Attribute Information Name Customer Type of Entity * F Definition Current Volume Expected Growth Rate A customer may be a person or a company, and is anyone who has asked for information or has placed an order. Name Key Definition Domain Information Opti onal customer number PK unique identifier Arbitrary number company name Character: any parent cust FK Integer Y number date of Character: any incorporation date added Small Integer credit limit Small Integer * Entity types: F = Fundamental (occurs as a business object), T = Subtype, A = Associative, R = Role, S = Structure Example Data Dictionary Entry

25 Simon says Everybody greet your neighbor

26 Interaction Interaction models show how actors interact with a system Use case diagrams/narratives Prototypes (Interface) How process interacts with data State diagrams CRUD matrix

27 Actor Order Processing System System Interaction Actor Specialist Request items Inventory System Reserve items in inventory Check credit Sample Questions: Customer 1. What is the work this project is doing? 2. Which stakeholders are involved? 3. How do stakeholders want to use the system? 4. How do other systems interface Credit with Authorization the system? 5. How big is our system? Invoice customer Ship product Use Case Accounting Operations User Interface

28 Interaction Number and Name: UC 100 Reserve Item in Inventory Actor(s): CSR, Customer Pre-condition: Actor is logged on; system is available; line item page is displayed Post-conditions: Item Reserved message is displayed Actor Action 1. Enter item number 4. IMS sends item description to OP 7. Confirm reservation request 9. IMS sends Item Reserved message to OP System Response 2. Perform check digit verification 3. Send item number to IMS 5. Display item description 6. Display reserve request message 8. Send reservation request to the Inventory system 10. Display Item Reserved Message 4 5 Alternate Flow A1: Item number entered is not valid 1. System displays item number not found message 2. System launches a search on item description 3. System displays all close matches 4. Actor selects item Return to primary flow step 3 Exception Flow E1: Actor cancels transaction (any point) 1. Actor indicates wish to cancel transaction 2. System displays item transaction cancelled Exception confirmation question Flow 3. System requests IMS to back out reserved item 4. System displays item cancelled message 5. Exit use case

29 Event Sample Questions 1. What are the different stages of each entity? 2. What is the life cycle, of each entity? How do entities get created, changed, Interaction and deleted? (Process) 3. What event triggers changing from one state to another? (Process) State Candidate hire/ Accepts job Begin date/ Begins work Retirement/ Retires New Hire Rejects offer Employee Terminates Retired Transition (process) Former Emp Non Hire

30 Everybody look at your cell phone or smart phone.

31 Interface Interface models graphically depict how people interact with Models include: Prototypes, mockups/wireframes

32 Interface Sample Questions We thought it should be intuitively obvious! 1. Where does UI begin and end? How do we know when we re done? 2. Process-screen navigation: What are the most common, alternative, exception paths? 3. Data - look and feel of the screen: how should the data be arranged? 4. Data: what edits are needed to prevent errors? 5. When exceptions occur, what message is displayed? (data) What action does the user take? (process) Input and Display Data Login was successful You may now perform the following activities: View Line Items Reserve Line Items Go Calculate Shipping Process Nope. Users want a Go button

33 Simon says Everybody stand up! Guess how many people are in the room. Guess how many people are outside the room.

34 Scope Scope models depict the boundaries of the solution to be implemented Models include: Goals, objectives, lists, rules User stories/features list Use case diagrams Context diagrams Functional decomposition diagram (expanded)

35 Iterative Elicitation & Modeling Business Process Modeling Data Modeling Process Models Business Process Model/Map, Activity Diagram, Swim Lane Diagram Questions: What is the order/sequence? Which functions and activities are done? How many, how often, and when? Who produces inputs and gets outputs?, Where does process begin and end? Scope Modeling Data Models: Entity-Relationship Diagram, and/or Class Diagram Questions: What area the min/max for each relationship? Is it required? What are the defaults? What business info matters and the related facts? Use Case Modeling Use Case Models: Use Case Model: Diagram and Narrative, Activity Diagram, Sequence Diagram Questions: When to begin? When is done done? What are the most common path, alternatives, exceptions? What happens when exceptions occur? Sample Questions What are the goals of solution? What are the boundaries of our solution? What are the components of the solution? Which stakeholders are impacted? What other systems interface? User Interface Modeling (UI) User Interface Models Prototype, Mockup, Wireframe, Storyboard Questions: What messages appear with exceptions? What edits are needed to prevent errors? Where does UI begin and end? For more information on Watermark Learning courses, please visit us at Copyright 2014 Watermark Learning. Enhanced Performance. Enduring Results.

36 Iterative Modeling Throughout Life Cycle Discover/Scope Define Detail Develop Solution Management Business Need, Solution Scope, Product Vision, Requirements Management Plan Product Backlog, Epic User Stories, Release Plan, Traceability Structure & Attributes Trace Requirements Establish Baseline Report actuals User Stories, Story Maps High-level Requirements/ Models Trace requirements Manage changes Report actuals Detailed Business Rules, Groomed User Stories Detailed Models Trace to Design and Testing Measure results Business Process Modeling Value Chain/ Cross-Functional Models Context Diagrams SIPOCs Functional Decomposition, Swim Lane Diagrams Detailed Process Maps Code Design Use Case Modeling Use Case Diagrams Use Case Narratives Activity Diagrams Sequence Diagrams Code Design Data Modeling Entity-Relationship Diagrams (no Attributes) Entity-Relationship Diagrams (w/ Attributes) Entity-Relationship Diagrams (Normalized) Database Design User Interface Modeling Written/ High-Level Views High-Level Prototypes/ Mock-ups Detailed Prototypes User Interface Design

37 Scope Process Interaction Data Interface Actor1 A System C B Actor2 Realtor Seller Property Buyer Interface Views User Realtor Property Offers Counters Closing Define Use Case A Pri Flow Alt Flow Excp Flow Realtor # realtor id (office address) office phone nbr realtor license nbr... Property # Property id (property address) legal property id legal property desc... Buyer/Seller # user number (user name) (mailing address) home phone nbr date added... Detail C [Amt out of range] [Account number B valid] Perform reasonability unt number Validate account check on the A sit amount number deposit amount [Amt in range] [Account number not valid] Display account Search on customer Display all close Receive selected number not found name matches customer name message eposit amount Notify teller of Update teller rrent account successful transaction file balance completion Use Case A Pri Flow Alt Flow Alt Flow Excp Flow Excp Flow Realtor Property User # Property id # user number # realtor id (property address) (user name) (office address) legal property id (mailing address) office phone nbr legal property desc home phone nbr realtor license nbr... date added... password reminder question password reminder User Realtor answer... # user id # realtor id # Seller user number # Buyer user number (user name) price range (mailing address) desired home phone nbr date added... Log in to CTC Enter User ID and Password Below User ID Login Password Forgot userid/password (link) New user (link)

38 1. Overdoing a model 2. Letting an electronic modeling tool drive the What analysis modeling 3. challenges Being overly have concerned with modeling correctness you faced during a facilitated workshop 4. Being intimated by those who are more concerned about the physical design

39 1. Choose the models that make sense 2. Remember 3. Translate models into business language 4. Use models to elicit 5. Collaborate

40 Since 1992 offering workshops and certification preparation programs: Project Management Business Analysis Agile Business Process Management Influencing Skills Course licensing and development Industry Partnerships An original PMI Global REP; A Charter IIBA EEP Offering BA and PM Masters Certificate programs through Auburn University Enhanced Performance. Enduring Results.

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