Increasing the renewable energy ratio of northern communities

Transcription

1 Increasing the renewable energy ratio of northern communities Dr. Eric Bibeau Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering Dept NSERC/Manitoba Hydro Alternative Energy Chair Canadian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society/ Canadian Geophysical Union 44th Annual CMOS Congress 36th Annual Scientific Meeting of CGU 3rd Joint CMOS-CGU Congress Ottawa, May 31 June 4, 2010

2 Energy Drivers Peak oil Environmental emissions GHG leading to global warming Sustainability Energy security Costs

3 How to address energy drivers Separately reduce GHG Together increase the RER apply RED levers

4 RER of Canada RE EJ 9. FF EJ 469 EJ RE RE RER PE FF RE EJ 16.4% ( ) EJ

5 Increase RER using RED levers EJ ( ) EJ 16.4% R Add Renewable energy E Increase energy Efficiency D Lower energy Demand

6 Canada s RER Performance RER = RE/PE RER may decrease in Canada with time Canada can address climate change by increasing the use of fossil fuels 0.000

7 Renewable Sources to Increase RER World demand = 18.0 TW; 10,000 time more RE Solar (Nuclear fusion) 78,000 TW radiation 39,000 TW water evaporation 3,600 TW wind & waves 90 TW Photosynthesis

8 Renewable Sources to Increase RER World demand = 18.0 TW Tides 3 TW Tides caused by moon Tidal energy using kinetic turbines (power) Nuclear fission on earth 32 TW rock conduction 0.3 TW volcanoes and hot springs

9 Remote Communities Energy Electricity Diesel fuel Subsidized and consumption limited Road access, ice roads, fly-in, barged-in Heat Oil, wood, diesel Transportations Motor fuels

10 Benefits can be obtained by communities installing renewable energy systems Diesel plant Less fuel, less wear, less smell, less noise More local benefits Less fuel import, more local employment More tax base Critical aspect of long term energy planning?

11 Why are remote community projects are harder to implement More expensive financing Higher overhead costs More failures Not ideal for renewable technologies demonstrations Remote communities offer no little finical support for technology development However, one project can make significant impact on the RER

12 How to summarize renewable energy status in Canadian remote communities Significant distributed resources and few population Reply on fossil fuels purchase from abroad Lack of policies for renewables Canada not a leading industrial nation on expansion of renewables Remote community policy: support people to stay in remote communities to promote Canadian sovereignty issues

13 Communities need to focus on increasing RER: it s like loosing weight Eat better (R) RER GHG Exercise (E) Eat less (D) Look at inputs rather than outputs and track RER

14 Not all renewables are the same: example using wind energy Definition of a kw Capital cost equation Cost Name plate C np = C p $2,200 Effective C eff = C p C f $8,800 Continuous C con = C p C f. η c. η d + S r. C s DoD. η d $55,906 Assumptions: C p = $2,200/kW np, C f = 25%,η s = 90%, η d = 95%,S r = 52 kwh/kw eff,c s = $750/kWh, and DoD = 90%

15 Add PEV Batteries $$$$$$$ Repurposing Recycle New load New Renewables $ Repurpose Previous PEV s How to increase the RER using electric mobility and contribute to remote community storage

16 Working with a remote community: case study FERNANDO DE NORONHA, BRAZIL UNESCO World Heritage Site Remote: 547 km off-shore 3,000 Inhabitants Use diesel Average Hourly Peak load of 1.8 MW 18.4 km 2

17 How can a community decide what RER level it could implement, configure, and at what cost? 1 ST OPTIMIZATION System Configuration Photovoltaic (PV) Panels Wind Turbines Wind Turbines Controller PV Controller 2 ND OPTIMIZATION System Operation AC RER vs. COST DC vs. RELIABILITY Battery Bank Diesel Central Controller Biomass DC Loads Inverter AC Loads

18 Technologies that can allow communities to increase RER cost effectively Need to prove system in commercial setting Microturbine Burner Manual Starter Depend only on heat input; reliable prime mover that can be maintained; positive ROI UofM 30 kwe R&D facility

19 Technologies that can allow communities to increase RER cost effectively Kinetic turbines In-situ testing on Winnipeg River Designs for Canadian rivers applications

20 New Energy 25 kwe

21 Acknowledgement NSERC/Manitoba Hydro Chair in Alternative Energy Presentations on alternative energy