Transborder Farming in Small-scale Land Use Systems

Transcription

1 Transborder Farming in Small-scale Land Use Systems Prof. Dr. Hermann Auernhammer Dipl.-Ing. agr. Michael Mayer Dr. Markus Demmel Department of Bio Resources and Land Use Technology Crop Production Engineering Freising - Weihenstephan (Germany) CIGR International Symposium 2000 "Global Agriculture in the 21st Century" Tsukuba (Japan) Dec AUERNHAMMER, LT-Weihenstephan (1)

2 Transborder Farming in Small-scale Land Use Systems 1. Aims of investigations 2. Methods 3. Realization and results 3.1 Area without field marks 3.2 Area with field marks after a former land consolidation 4. Conclusions AUERNHAMMER, LT-Weihenstephan (2)

3 Example of Virtual Land Consolidation from an existing structure to a Transborder Farming System using modern information technology Winter wheat Winter barley Winter canola Existing struc ture Set- aside as green boarder Transborder farm ing system AUERNHAMMER, LT-Weihenstephan (3)

4 Steps of realization: 1. Definition of joint areas 2. Safeguard of field borders 3. Lowering field marks (if existing) 4. Settlement of common crop rotation 5. Definition of management targets related to yield output or to environmental protection AUERNHAMMER, LT-Weihenstephan (4)

5 Management of a Transborder Farming System Y ie ld or ien ted ( ec onomic al) M anage men t targe ts En vir on men tal orien te d (e cological) De fin ition of yield t arge ts an d app lication r ate s by owne rship by c om m on yie ld ta rget by site- spec if ic far m in g by er osion r educ tion P lot own er D efinition of a M a nage m ent Com bination of de fines its yield com m on yield de pending on field par ts tar gets a nd its tar get with inform a tion fr om re garding a pplica tion ra tes com m on unifie d loca l yields a nd topogra phic a pplica tion ra tes site- specific issues ac ross applica tions existing bor der s by lan dsc ape pr otection Enlar ged fields a re de pendent on a m ainly uncha nged landsc ape structur e Man ageme nt an d d ocu men tation E conom ic al e ffe ct s Ec ologic al e ffe cts Re cor din g of a pplica tion ra tes and yie lds pe r in tegra ted plot High investm ents with unused yield pote ntials Only slightly ch anged countryside E xpenses and yields ar e se ttle d de pending on the portion of in tegra ted lan d M inim um investm ents still with unused yield pote ntia ls Pr obably loca l supply problem s M ana gem ent and docum enta tion with site -spec if ic tec hnique Highest inve stm en ts in an optim ised pr oduc tion proce ss Loc al conditions ar e ta ken under strong consider ation All m e asure m ents a re docum e nted by own er ship str ucture s Little in ve stm e nts an d sta ble c on ditions Se ttle me nt of a m a xim ised re duction of e rosion R ec ording of applica tion rate s a nd yie lds per inte gr ate d plot Highest inve stm en ts with a low pr oduc tion level S oc ial dem ands a re ta ken into consider ation AUERNHAMMER, LT-Weihenstephan (5)

6 Required in a Transborder Farming System Management targets Yield oriented (economical) Environmental oriented (ecological) by ownership by common yield target by site-specific farming by erosion reduction Local yield (local yield Local yield Local yield detection detection) detection detection by landscape protection Local yield detection Additional necessary technical equipment Process documentation Variable drill Variable fertilising (Variable spraying ) Process documentation Weighing bridge Process documentation Variable drill Variable fertilising (Variable spraying ) Process documentation Variable drill Variable fertilising (Variable spraying ) Process documentation Variable drill Variable fertilising (Variable spraying ) AUERNHAMMER, LT-Weihenstephan (6)

7 Realization of Transborder Farming Systems Nürnberger Land AUERNHAMMER, LT-Weihenstephan (7)

8 Headland and working time effects in two Transborder Farming Systems AUERNHAMMER, LT-Weihenstephan (8)

9 Reduction of costs in four Transborder Farming Systems AUERNHAMMER, LT-Weihenstephan (9)

10 Very first (careful) evaluations of different Transborder Farming Systems Management targets Yield orientated (economical) Environmental orientated (ecological) by ownership by common yield by site-specific target farming by erosion reduction by landscape protection 5 Suitability (idealised targets) Only an exceptional situations, if owners or landlords agree only to this way of transborder farming Cheapest step getting into transborder farming with necessary additional fertiliser application on different plots Reduction of heterogeneity within the joint transborder fields by taking all local conditions into account and reducing the risk of erosion! Possible way of farming if the society requires the remaining of the existing structures AUERNHAMMER, LT-Weihenstephan (10)

11 Conclusions Transborder farming opens new perspectives in the future management of small-scale farming areas with: Optimized use of the information technology. Creation of larger structures for land cultivation with advantages in soil protection, reduced labor consumption and less expenses. New chances in the combination of economical and ecological management targets including a minimization of erosion. Precision farming also in small-scale farming systems. AUERNHAMMER, LT-Weihenstephan (11)