Enhanced Coalbed Methane Recovery & Carbon Sequestration Projects in Canada and China: Single Well Micro-Pilot Tests

Transcription

1 Enhanced Coalbed Methane Recovery & Carbon Sequestration Projects in Canada and China: Single Well Micro-Pilot Tests David H.-S. Law Alberta Research Council (ARC) Inc. Edmonton, Alberta, Canada 1

2 Basic Rational of Micro-Pilot Perform initial flow testing to obtain pre-injection reservoir data Inject gases of various compositions into the formation Allow injected gases to adsorb to coal Perform post-injection flow testing to obtain post-injection reservoir data 2

3 Alberta Research Council (ARC) led ECBM and Carbon Sequestration Project in Alberta, Canada Sustainable Development of Coalbed Methane - A Life Cycle Approach to Production of Fossil Energy 3

4 ECBM Project in Alberta, Canada PHASES YEAR I 1997 II 1998 IIIA IV Proof of Concept for Alberta Single Well CO 2 Micro-Pilot Single Well Flue Gas Micro-Pilots Matching CBM Resources with CO 2 Sources In Deep Coals > 1000 meters IIIB CO 2 Sources Multi-Well CO 2 Pilot In Shallow Coal < 500 meters CO 2 Sources: Coal Fired Utility Fertilizer Ethanol Plant Gas Plant Portable Novel Land Fill V Methanogenesis of Coals 4

5 Participants for Phases I, II, IIIA & IV Air Liquide Canada Alberta Geological Survey Alberta Innovation and Science (ASRA) BJ Service Company Canada BP Amoco Corporation Burlington Resources (U.S.A.) Canadian Climate Change Action Fund CSIRO Petroleum (Australia) Dow Chemical EnCana Corporation Environment Canada (PERD) EPCOR Utilities Inc. Exxonmobil Canada Gas Technology Institute (U.S.A.) Geological Survey of Canada Geotechnical Engineering, University of Alberta Gulf Canada Resources Ltd. Husky Energy Inc. IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme (U.K.) JCOAL (Japan) MGV Energy Inc. Netherlands Institute of Applied Geosicence TNO (The Netherlands) Saskatchewan Energy & Mines Sproule International Suncor Energy Inc. Tesseract Corporation (U.S.A.) TransAlta Utilities TransCanada Pipelines Ltd. United Kingdom Department of Trade and Industry (U.K.) United States Department of Energy (U.S.A.) 5

6 Micro-Pilot Test Site Fenn Big Valley, Central Alberta, Canada T37 Test Site Edmonton T36 Red Deer T35 Calgary R22 R21 R20W4 Fenn-Big Valley 6

7 Age: Mannville Coal Characteristics Lower Cretaceous coal Rank: High volatile bituminous B Vitrinite Reflectance: 0.51% Depth: 1,250 meters Thickness: 4 meters 7

8 0.035 Sorption Isotherms Upper Mannville Coals Sorbed Content (m 3 /kg) DAF CO 2 CH 4 N Pressure (kpa) 8

9 Single Well Micro-Pilot Tests 4A W4 (FBV-4A) old well 100% CO Flue gas (87% N 2 & 13% CO 2 ) W4 (FBV- I#2) - new well 100% N CO 2 -enriched flue gas (53% N 2 & 47% CO 2 )

10 Micro-Pilot Test Site Well Locations 1999 N 2 / Flue Gas Micro-Pilot Well Potential 5-Spot wells 1998 CO 2 / 2000 Flue Gas Micro-Pilot Well 10

11 CO 2 Micro-Pilot Test FVB 4A Well Reference Time = June 20, 1998 CH 4 Production/Build-up Test 1 st CO 2 Injection/Falloff Test (One 12-tonne CO 2 slug) 2 nd Production Test Symbols: Field Curves: Numerical 2 nd CO 2 Injection/Falloff Test (Twelve 15-tonne CO 2 slugs) Final Production Test 220 Initial conditions: Initial pressure: 7,653 7,770 kpa Initial gas composition: 91.2% CH 4, 1.8% C 2 H 6, 0.3% C 3 H 8, 1.6% CO 2, 5.1% N 2 Absolute permeability: 3.65 md Final conditions: Absolute permeability: 0.98 md Increase in injectivity: 147% 11

12 CO 2 Micro-Pilot Test - FBV 4A CO 2 Compressor CO 2 Tank & Pump Trucks 12

13 CO 2 Micro-Pilot Test - FBV 4A Gas Production Monitoring CO 2 Injection 13

14 Flue Gas Micro-Pilot Test FVB 4A Well Reference Time = February 29, 2000 Flue Gas Injection/Falloff Test (One 110-tonne flue gas slug) Symbols: Field Curves: Numerical Production Test After extended soak: Pressure: 7,653 kpa Gas composition: 65.1% CH 4, 1.4% C 2 H 6, 0.5% C 3 H 8 +, 29.8% CO 2, 3.2% N 2 Absolute permeability: 0.98 md Final conditions: Absolute permeability: 23.7 md (near well region) 110 Flue gas composition: 87% N 2 & 13% CO 2 14

15 Flue Gas Micro-Pilot Test FBV 4A Flue Gas Injection Flue Gas Generation Unit (Under-Balanced Drilling System) 15

16 N 2 /Flue Gas Micro-Pilot Tests FVB I#2 Well Reference Time = December 15, 1999 (One 10-tonne N 2 slug) N 2 /O 2 Injection/Falloff Test 2 nd Production Test Symbols: Field Curves: Numerical N 2 /CO 2 Injection/Falloff Test (One 110-tonne flue gas slug) 2 nd Water Injection Test Final Production Test Initial conditions: Initial pressure: 7,901 kpa Initial gas composition: 94.42% CH 4, 1.53% C 2 H 6, 0.33% C 3 H 8 +, 0.26% CO 2, 3.46% N 2 Absolute permeability: 1.18 md During N 2 injection: Absolute permeability: 13.8 md 180 Flue gas composition: 53% N 2 & 47% CO 2 16

17 Flue Gas Micro-Pilot Test FBV I#2 Drilling New Well 17

18 Flue Gas Micro-Pilot Test FBV I#2 Core Sampling 18

19 Alberta Research Council (ARC) led ECBM and Carbon Sequestration Project in Shanxi, China The development of China s Coalbed Methane Technology Carbon Dioxide Storage Project 19

20 China ECBM Project Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) Canadian Climate Change Development Fund (CCCDF) (CA $ 5 million) Ministry of Commerce (MOFCOM) China United Coalbed Methane Corporation Ltd. (CUCBM) (CA $ 5 million) year CA $ 10 million Project (Started March 2002) 20

21 Participants CIDA Canadian Consortium: Alberta Research Council (ARC) Sproule International Ltd. Computer Modelling Group (CMG) SNC-Lavalin Inc. Computalog CalFrac Well Services Porteous Engineering China United Coalbed Methane Corporation Ltd. (CUCBM) 21

22 Micro-Pilot Test Site Well Locations Shanxi Province Taiyuan Hebei Province Shijiazhuang Qinshui County Qinshui Basin Pilot Area Jincheng Changzhi Anyang Henan Province Zhengzhou 22

23 Qinshui Basin Coal Characteristics Rank: High ranked semi-anthracite and Anthracite Vitrinite Reflectance: 2.7-4% Depth: 472 meters Thickness (No. 3 Seam): 6.45 meters (6.05 meters net) 23

24 Sorption Isotherms Sorbed Content (m 3 /kg) DAF CO 2 CH 4 N ,000 10,000 15,000 Pressure (kpa) 24

25 CO 2 Micro-Pilot Test Cable to surface readout 244.5mm Surface casing at 39.73m Pump Pump seating nipple Perforations for #3 seam m nogo seating nipple 2.4 m perforated pup joint Blanking sub with Prism pressure tranducers at m Top of bridge plug at 573 m Perforations for #15 seam Wellhead 25

26 CO 2 Micro-Pilot Test Level Delivery Truck CO 2 Injection Blackmer Booster Pump 26

27 CO 2 Micro-Pilot Test Reference Time = April 6, 2004 CO 2 Injection/Falloff Test (13 Slugs, Total tonnes) Symbols: Field Data Curve: Numerical Production/Pressure Build-up Test Initial conditions: Initial pressure: 1,296 kpa Initial gas composition: 97.52% CH 4, 0.04% CO 2, 2.42% N 2 Absolute permeability: 12.6 md Final conditions: Absolute permeability: 7.8 md Decrease in injectivity 27

28 CO 2 Micro-Pilot Test Reference Time = April 6, 2004 CO 2 (Field Data) CH 4 (Field Data) Numerical Numerical 28

29 Single Well Micro-Pilot Tests Summary All single well micro-pilot tests were successful Coal characterization has been completed CO 2 sequestration into low permeability coal seams (few md) is feasible Increase understanding of the CO 2 sequestration and ECBM process (e.g., permeability variation) High quality database was obtained for numerical simulator validation 29

30 What have we learned? Significant absolute permeability variations have been observed in all micro-pilot test Injectivity increased during CO 2 injection in Alberta coal Injectivity decreased during CO 2 injection in Qinshui Basin coal Measurements of production gas composition are essential in shedding light to gas diffusion mechanisms between coal matrix and natural fracture systems 30