Introduction urban resilience & spatial planning

Transcription

1 Introduction urban resilience & spatial planning LES 1, Ungheni February 2018 Disclaimer: The content of this presentation represents the views of the author only and is his/her sole responsibility. The European Commission does not accept any responsibility for use that may be made of the information it contains.

2 General international trend Disaster Management Disaster Risk Reduction Resilience through DRM 2

3 Resilience New wine in old wineskins? The ability of a system, community or society exposed to hazards to resist, absorb, accommodate, adapt to, transform and recover from the effects of a hazard in a timely and efficient manner, including through the preservation and restoration of its essential basic structures and functions through risk management. UNISDR,

4 The fashion of Resilient Cities OECD Rockefeller Foundation UNISDR 4

5 The 10 essentials of resilience 1. Organize for disaster resilience. Put in place an organizational structure with strong leadership and clarity of coordination and responsibilities. Establish Disaster Risk Reduction as a key consideration throughout the City Vision or Strategic Plan. 2. Identify, understand, and use current and future risk scenarios. Maintain up-todate data on hazards and vulnerabilities. Prepare risk assessments based on participatory processes and use these as the basis for urban development of the city and its long-term planning goals 3. Strengthen financial capacity for resilience. Prepare a financial plan by understanding and assessing the significant economic impacts of disasters. Identify and develop financial mechanisms to support resilience activities. 4. Pursue resilient urban development and design. Carry out risk-informed urban planning and development based on up-to-date risk assessments with particular focus on vulnerable populations. Apply and enforce realistic, risk compliant building regulations. 5

6 The 10 essentials of resilience 5. Safeguard natural buffers to enhance the protective functions offered by natural ecosystems. Identify, protect and monitor natural ecosystems within and outside the city geography and enhance their use for risk reduction 6. Strengthen institutional capacity for resilience. Understand institutional capacity for risk reduction including those of governmental organizations; private sector; academia, professional and civil society organizations, to help detect and strengthen gaps in resilience capacity. 7. Understand and strengthen societal capacity for resilience. Identify and strengthen social connectedness and culture of mutual help through community and government initiatives and multimedia channels of communication. 6

7 The 10 essentials of resilience 8. Increase infrastructure resilience. Develop a strategy for the protection, update and maintenance of critical infrastructure. Develop risk mitigating infrastructure where needed. 9. Ensure effective preparedness and disaster response. Create and regularly update preparedness plans, connect with early warning systems and increase emergency and management capacities. After any disaster, ensure that the needs of the affected population are placed at the centre of reconstruction, with support for them and their community organisations to design and help implement responses, including rebuilding homes and livelihoods. 10. Expedite recovery and build back better. Establish post-disaster recovery, rehabilitation, and reconstruction strategies that are aligned with long-term planning and providing an improved city environment. 7

8 Manage the potential downside Be careful that resilience does not become window dressing for leave it up to the citizens (especially community resilience). The government has its own inalienable responsibilities to protect safety. The potential to absorb risk as a society in itself does not make a risk acceptable. Yes, you can recover, but lives may have been lost and communities have been impacted irreversibly. Resilience is no substitute for the precautionary principle. Risk discriminates the vulnerable. So might resilience. 8

9 Multi-layer safety a Dutch approach to flood risk resilience

10 Multi-layer safety a Dutch approach to flood risk resilience Crisis management urban planning

11 From traditional prevention room for the river primary and secundary defenses waterworks

12 to spatial planning flood safe housing flood safe evacuation routes 12 critical infrastructure protection

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14 to crisis management and community preparedness evacuation, shelter and rescue crisis management with volunteers 14 crisis communication and citizens involvement

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16 3 interrelated levels of spatial planning Spatial Master Plan general spatial principles and ambitions Area Plan land use and regulations Construction/building plan actual design 16

17 Risk-concerns integrated in all 3 planning levels

18 Yes, the example is from developed cities, but the principles are valid everywhere and a good long-term ambition Different perspectives Frog perspective Bird perspective

19 Spatial Master Plan For our city we want long-term spatial planning that: fits the long-term demographic and economic needs of our city encourages sustainable development, like economic zones and preservation of cultural heritages of touristic importance promotes climate neutral development, like energy efficiency renovations and carbon reducing innovations protects eco-systems and natural protection areas revitalizes the use of areas lagging behind adapts to the potential impacts of climate change reduces exposure to priority disaster risks encourages risk-informed new developments facilitates response and community resilience 19

20 Area land use plan (risk paragraph) New development in areas exposed to priority hazards is limited or prohibited Land use for existing highly exposed areas is restructured, starting with public buildings Building codes are up-to-date to integrate the requirements for the main hazards (seismic, urban fire, flood, landslides etc.) For new design/building plans a risk assessment paragraph is required (integrating risk levels related to climate change models for the year XX) Safety distances for hazardous human activities (gas stations, industry etc.) Through community participation green areas are expanded, to decrease urban heat stress and to retain extreme precipitation The location of critical infrastructures exposed to main hazards is reconsidered and discussed with the service providers The layout of roads enables swift evacuation from areas at risk (and the routes are integrated in Early Warning Systems) The accessibility for emergency services is ensured 20

21 Construction/building plan Multi-hazard risk assessment for the construction area or building integrated in the desing process (i.e. standardized checklist) General building codes taking into account main hazards Additional requirements to allow for buildings in high risk areas Check of design plans and actual construction works by technical inspectorate and risk specialists (i.e. fire department) Resilient hook-up to critical infrastructures Encouraging of innovative ideas for energy efficiency, heat deflection, temporary retaining of heavy precipitation etc. 21

22 Lessons on spatial planning Early involvement of risk concerns in spatial planning Networking, networking, networking: sharing the rhythm of the dance Discuss tribal language Sensitization and risk education of stakeholders Dialogue, innovations and practical help, rather than just forbidding Search for win-win Even with limited resources, these basic principles can be applied 22

23 Homework Research question (presentation): investigate existing local efforts for urban resilience planning Due: e-les 2, 25 or 2 April Short essay: make a preliminary analysis of local spatial planning processes (local language, English summary) Due: LES 2, May 23

24 Շնորհակալություն ուշադրության համար მადლობა ყურადღებისთვის Vă mulțumim pentru atenție