Updated after Public Hearing

Transcription

1 Updated after Public Hearing EIA Report for Public Hearing of Proposed Silica sand Mine ( Ha.) with a Production of 2,01,975 TPA at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 of Chintavaram village & 496/1 of Ballavolu village, Chillakur Mandal, Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. ToR Letter No. SEIAA/AP/AP/NLR/MIN/07/2016/154 Dated Monitoring Period : December 2016 to February 2017 Applicant M/s. Kohinoor Minerals Mg. Part. Smt. P. Devasena, 7/105, Mittipalem Street, Gudur, Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. EIA Consultant M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd. QCI/NABET accredited vide S.No:145 (dated displayed on NABET website) Plot No. 74/A, Flat No. 102, Central Bank Building, Kalyan Nagar, Hyderabad ssmntpl@gmail.com, web: Contact Number : , Fax:

2 DECLARATION OF CONSULTANT Declaration by Experts contributing to the EIA report for M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,420,421 & of Chintavaram & 496/1 of Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Schedule 1 (a) Category-"B1" As per EIA Notification 2006 and its Amendment thereof. I, hereby, certify that I was a part of the EIA team in the following capacity that developed the above EIA. EIA Coordinator Mr. Hayavadana Tadapatri Signature Date Period of involvement Contact information 09/04/2018 Feb 2016 to April 2018 Functional Area Experts Functional Name of Expert S.No. areas 1. AP Mr. Vipin Kumar 2. WP Dr. CH Rajani Kumari 3. SHW Ms. Reshma Thakur 4. SE Mr. A.Mohan Reddy 5. EB Dr. CH Rajani Kumari Involvement (period and task) Site visits followed by selection of monitoring locations, Supervision of air quality monitoring, Identification of probable impacts of different air emission from the plants/ facilities proposed, suggesting most suitable control device and contribution to EIA documentation. Site visit & supervision & checking of sampling locations for surface water & Ground water samples & their analysis results, Water use auditing, water balance, water budgeting, water conservation and developing scheme for reuse of water, identification of impacts, finalization of mitigation measures and contribution to EIA documentation. Identification of waste generated from the site, confirming adequacy of mitigation measures for management of hazardous waste and contribution to EIA documentation Conducting baseline socio-economic surveys interviews/ through questionnaire from the surrounding area/villages of the proposed project, impact identification and mitigation measures for incorporating to EIA documentation Site visit and conduct of ecological survey and preparation of status report for rare endangered and threatned species of animals and plants and also species protected under national laws, assessment of the impacts of proposed project the activities biological on environment and contribution to EIA documentation Signature and Date

3 S. No. Functional areas Name of Expert 6. HG Dr. N.H. Reddy 7. GEO Dr. N.H. Reddy 8. SC Mr. Sunderao Duggaraju 9. AQ Mr. Subramanyam Adapa 10. NV Mr. Subramanyam Adapa 11. LU Mr. Subramanyam Adapa 12. RH Mr. K. Raji Reddy Involvement (period and task) Understanding and representing groundwater conditions, supervision of groundwater sampling locations, finalization of survey findings, identification of impacts, suggestion of mitigation measures and contribution to the EIA documentation Identification of impacts, suggestion of mitigation measures and contribution to the EIA documentation Site visits followed by selection of monitoring locations, Supervision of soil quality monitoring, Identification of probable impacts of different air emission from the plants/ facilities proposed, suggesting most suitable control device and contribution to EIA documentation. Evaluation of meteorological data with collected secondary data, modeling and prediction, identification of impacts, finalization of mitigation measures and contribution to EIA documentation Checking of noise sampling results, analysis of data, identification of impacts and mitigation measures, and contribution to EIA documentation. Generation and analysis of data related to landuse pattern. Development of landuse maps of study area using ArcGIS / related tools, site visit for ground truth survey, finalization of landuse maps, contribution to EIA documentation. and hazards of Identification hazardous substances Preparation of impacts diagrams & mitigation measures, preparation of disaster management plan, contribution to EIA documentation. Signature and Date /\/ /\/..t.-':t- cl I J7o S:,..., ).,. J L,. OU I 'f? / I Declaration by the Head of the Accredited Consultant Organization/ authorized person I, Dr. CH Rajni Kumari, hereby, confirm that our experts prepared the EIA report for M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha. Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,420,421 & Of Chintavaram & 496/1 of Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. I also confirm that I shall be fully accountable for any mis-leading information mentioned in this statement. Signature Name Designation Name of the EIA Consultant Organization NABET Certificate No. & Valid Date t,., a.,_ - Dr. CH Rajani Kumari Mainaging Director Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech Pvt. Ltd. Plot No. 7 4/A, Flat No. 102, Central Bank Building, Kalyan Nagar, Hyderabad NABET/EIA/1518/RA Nov 18, 2018

4 Contents

5 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1 Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. CONTENTS CHAPTER NO PARTICULAR COMPLIANCE TO TERM OF REFERENCE (TOR) EXECUTIVE SUMMARY INTRODUCTION PROJECT DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME ADDITIONAL STUDIES PROJECT BENEFITS ENVIRONMENT COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN SUMMARY & CONCLUSION DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ENGAGED ANNEXURES M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech. (P) Ltd. i

6 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1 Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. INDEX S. NO PARTICULAR CHAPTER - I INTRODUCTION PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT PROFILE OF PROJECT PROPONENT ADDRESS OF THE APPLICANT BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF NATURE, SIZE, LOCATION OF THE PROJECT PROJECT OBJECTIVE SCOPE OF THE STUDY TERMS OF REFERENCE CHAPTER II PROJECT DESCRIPTION INTRODUCTION TYPE OF PROJECT NEED FOR THE PROJECT AND ITS IMPORTANCE TO THE COUNTRY AND OR REGION: LOCATION OF THE PROJECT TOPOOGRAPHY & DRAINAGE PATTERN REGIONAL GEOLOGY& LOCAL GEOLOGY RESERVES MINING OPERATION PRODUCTION TARGET PARAMETER (AS PER MINE PLAN) ANTICIPATED LIFE OF THE MINE CONCEPTUAL MINING PLAN UTILITIES USE OF MINERAL MINERAL BENEFICIATION DESCRIPTION OF MITIGATION MEASURES CHAPTER III DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT INTRODUCTION STUDY AREA STUDY PERIOD COMPONENTS AND METHODOLOGY LANDUSE PATTERN OF THE STUDY AREA GEOLOGY HYDROGEOLOGY AIR QUALITY AND METEOROLOGICAL AMBIENT AIR ENVIRONMENT NOISE ENVIRONMENT WATER ENVIRONMENT LAND ENVIRONMENT BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech. (P) Ltd. PAGE NO ii

7 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1 Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT SOLID WASTE & HAZARDOUS WASTE RISK ASSESSMENT CHAPTER IV ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES INTRODUCTION AIR ENVIRONMENT IMPACT OF NOISE / VIBRATIONS & MITIGATION MEASURES IMPACT ON WATER ENVIRONMENT & MITIGATION MEASURES IMPACT OF SOIL AND LAND USE PATTERN & MITIGATION MEASURES LANDSCAPE AND LANDUSE PATTERN SOCI-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY IMPACT ON BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT CHAPTER V ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES SITE CHAPTER VI ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME INTRODUCTION ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT CELL MONITORING SCHEDULE AND PARAMETERS BUDGETARY PROVISION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT DATA ANALYSIS CHAPTER VII ADDITIONAL STUDIES PUBLIC CONSULTATION RISK ASSESSMENT DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN REHABILITATION & RESETTLEMENT (R&R) CHAPTER VIII PROJECT BENEFITS INTRODUCTION IMPROVEMENT IN SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE EMPLOYMENT POTENTIAL CONCLUSION CHAPTER - IX ENVIRONMENTAL COST BENEFITS ANALYSIS INTRODUCTION CHAPTER - X ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN INTRODUCTION AIR ENVIRONMENT M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech. (P) Ltd iii

8 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1 Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh NOISE & GROUND VIBRATION MITIGATION WATER MANAGEMENT SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT GREENBELT DEVELOPMENT AND PLANTATION PROGRAMME BIOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT MEASURES POST PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS AND SAFETY SOCIO ECONOMIC MEASURES CHAPTER XI SUMMARY & CONCLUSION INTRODUCTION PROJECT DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENT IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME PROJECT BENEFITS CONCLUSION CHAPTER XII DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANT ENGAGED INTRODUCTION TABLE NO INDEX LIST OF TABLES PARTICULAR DETAILS OF SURROUNDING AREA PRODUCTION TARGETS LAND USE PATTERN AT THE MINE PEAK WATER REQUIREMENT MANPOWER REQUIREMENTS MITIGATION MEASURES TO MINIMIZE IMPACT OF PROJECT LAND USE PATTERN OF STUDY AREA AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING LOCATIONS AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING RESULT (A-K) RESULT OF FREE SILICA IN PM10 LOCATION OF NOISE MONITORING STATIONS NOISE LEVELS DURING STUDY PERIOD NOISE STANDARDS IN RESPECT OF DIFFERENT ZONES NOISE LEVEL WITHIN THE STUDY AREA GROUND WATER SAMPLING LOCATIONS IN THE STUDY AREA ANALYSIS RESULTS OF GROUND WATER LOCATION OF SURFACE WATER SURFACE WATER ANALYSIS REPORT M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech. (P) Ltd PAGE NO iv

9 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1 Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh SOIL SAMPLING LOCATIONS IN THE STUDY AREA SOIL ANALYSIS RESULTS DETAILS OF FOREST BLOCK IN STUDY AREA LIST OF FLORA FAUNA IN THE STUDY AREA LIST OF FAUNA IN THE STUDY AREA LIST OF FISH SPECIES IN THE STUDY AREA DETAILS OF VILLAGES COMPRISING STUDY AREA CATEGORIZATION OF VILLAGES IN PROJECT IMPACT AREA MAJOR DOCUMENTS & INFORMATION SOURCES SALIENT FEATURES OF DEMOGRAPHICS IN STUDY AREA SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF PROJECT SUGGESTIVE PLAN FOR DEVELOPING SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT LIST OF GROUP PARTICIPANTS OF SAMPLE VILLAGES EMISSION RATE DETAILS INCREMENTAL RISE IN CONCENTRATION (GLCs) OF PM EMISSION FACTORS AFTER ACCOUNTING THE VEHICLE SPEED LAND USE PATTERN FOR FIVE YEARS SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS PREDICTION OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT STAGE WISE CUMULATIVE PLANTATION POST PROJECT MONITORING PROGRAMME COST OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION MEASURES STAGE WISE CUMULATIVE PLANTATION SPECIES RECOMMENDED FOR GREENBELT DEVELOPMENT KEY SUGGESTIVE MEASURES UNDER EMP BUDGET FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION SUMMARY OF AMBIENT AIR QUALITY AFFORESTATION SCHEDULE LIST OF ANNEXURES NO PARTICULAR LETTER OF GOVERNMENT OF ANDHRA PRADESH INDUSTRIES AND COMMERCE (M-I) DEPARTMENT VIDE G.O.Ms.No.128 DATED: TOR ISSUED BY STATE EXPERT APPRAISAL COMMITTEE (SEAC) ANDHRA PRADESH VIDE LETTER NO.: SEIAA/AP/AP/NLR/MIN/07/2016/154 DATED: MINING PLAN HYDROGEOLOGY REPORT AAQ DATA COMPANY EHS POLICY PUBLIC HEARING DETAILS QUESTIONNAIRE ******* M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech. (P) Ltd. v

10 Compliance to TOR Letter

11 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1 of Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. POINT TO BE CLARIFIED TO THE STATE EXPERT APPRAISAL COMMITTEE, (SEAC), ANDHRAPRADESH AS PER THE APPROVED TOR FOR SILICA SANDMINE PROJECT OF M/s.KOHINOOR MINERALS, VILLAGE: CHINTAVARAM,CHILLAKUR MANDAL,NELLORE DISTRICT, ANDHRA PRADESH LEASE AREA HECT. S. N. 1. Terms of Reference Compliance Year-wise production details since 1994 onwards should be given clearly starting the highest production achieved in any one year prior to It may also. Be categorically informed whether there had been any increase in production after the EIA Notification, 1994 coming into force w.r.t. the highest production achieved prior to Proposed project is an operating Mine, and the Letter of Intent was issued by Government of Andhra Pradesh Industries and Commerce (M-I) Department, vide G.O.Ms.No.128, Dated to M/s.KOHINOOR MINERALS Prior to statutory permission, Details of production work from the lease area carried out by the project proponent given below Years Production Remarks Proposed Achieved (In (In tonnes) tonnes) ,000 --Mining Plan , Period , , , First Mining scheme period Second Mining scheme period ,39, ,39, ,82, Total 1,60,076 A copy of the document in support of the The Letter of Intent was issued by fact that the proponent is the rightful Government of Andhra Pradesh Industries and lessee of the mine should be given. Commerce (M-I) Department, vide G.O.Ms.No.128, Dated: to M/s. KOHINOOR MINERALS attached as Annexure 1. Letter of approval of mining plan is enclosed as Annexure 3. All documents including approved mine All documents including approved mine plan, M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech. (P) Ltd. 1

12 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1 of Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. 4. plan, EIA and public hearing should be compatible with one another in terms of the mine lease area, production levels, waste generation and its management and mining technology and should be in the name of the lessee. All corner coordinates of the mine lease area, superimposed on a high resolution imagery/toposheet should be provided. Such as imagery of the proposed area should clearly show the land use and other ecological features of the study area (core and buffer zone). 5. Information should be provided in survey of India Topo sheet in 1:50,000 scale indicating geological map of the area, geomorphology of land forms of the area, existing minerals and mining history of the area, important water bodies, streams and river and soil characteristics 6. Details about the land proposed for mining activities should be given with information as to whether mining conforms to the land use policy of the state; land diversion for mining should have approval from state land use board of the concerned authority. It should be clearly stated whether the proponent Company has a well laid down Environment Policy approved by its Board of Directors? If so, it may be spelt out in the EIA Report with description of the prescribed operating process/procedures to bring into focus any infringement/deviation/violation of the environmental or forest norms/ conditions? The hierarchical system or administrative order of the Company to deal with the environmental issues and for ensuring compliance with the EC conditions may also be given. The system of reporting of non-compliances violations of environmental norms to the Board of Directors of the Company and/or shareholders or stakeholders at 7. M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech. (P) Ltd. EIA are compatible with one another in terms of the mine lease area, production levels, waste generation and its management. All corner coordinates of the applied lease area, and along with other ecological features of the study area (core and buffer zone) superimposed on a high resolution imagery/toposheet in Figure 1.3 and 1.5 and the surrounding details are given in Table 1.1 of Chapter 1. Page number 4, 5, 8 & 9. The Surface plan of mine lease area is given in Chapter 2, Figure 2.1.Page.No.15. The topographic map of the study area is given in Chapter 1, Figure 1.2.Page. No.8. The mining history of the area is given in Chapter 1. Point no 1.1. Nearest water bodies, river and stream details are given in Chapter 1, Table 1.1. Page No. 5. The Letter of Intent was issued by Government of Andhra Pradesh Industries and Commerce (M-I) Department, vide G.O.Ms.No.128, Dated to M/s. KOHINOOR MINERALS. Yes, Company has a well laid down Environment Policy i.e. Integrate the consideration of environmental concerns and impacts into all the decision making & activities. Promote environmental awareness among the employees and encourage them to work in an environmentally responsible manner. Train, educate and inform our employees about environmental issues that may affect their work. Where required by legislation or where significant health, safety or environmental hazards exist, develop and maintain appropriate emergency and spill response programmes. Strive to continually improve our 2

13 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1 of Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. large, may also be detailed in the EIA Report. 8. Issues relating to mine safety, including subsidence study in case of underground mining and slope study in case of open cast mining, blasting study etc. should be detailed. The proposed safeguard measures in each case should also be provided 9. The study area will comprise of 10 km zone around the mine lease from lease periphery and the data contained in the EIA such as waste generation etc. should be for the life of the mine / lease period. 10. Land use of the study area delineating forest area, grazing land, wildlife sanctuary and national park, migratory routes of fauna, water bodies, human settlements and other ecological features should be indicated. Land use plan of the mine lease area should be prepared to encompass pre-operational, operational and post operational phases and submitted. Impact, if any, of change of land use should be given. environmental performance and minimize the social impact and damage of activities by periodic review of environmental policy in light of current and planned future activities. The hierarchical system is given in Chapter 6, Figure 6.1. This is Silica sand Mining Project with Mining method will be opencast semi mechanized method with digging and scooping and excavated with the help of simple tools like spade/pawdas and occasionally using excavator/loaders. Therefore, no subsidence study will be carried out. Slope as well as blasting study is not applicable to this silica sand mine. The study area of the proposed project comprises of 10 km radius around the mining Lease boundary. Map showing study area (10km radius from the lease boundary) is given in chapter-1 of Final EIA/EMP Report in Figure no 1.3, EIA contains the data regarding waste generation for the life of mine and the same has been incorporated in Chapter-2 of Final EIA/EMP Report. Para 2.8 There is no forest area, grazing land, wildlife sanctuary and national park, migratory routes of fauna, water bodies, human settlements and other ecological features involved in the mine lease area. Land use plan of the study area:- LANDUSE Water Bodies Barren Land Road Built-up Land Agriculture Land Railway Line Total AREA (In Hectares) PGA% The mine lease hold area is in a part of barren land which is not fit for agricultural and even M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech. (P) Ltd. 3

14 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1 of Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh for grazing purpose. After total removal of silica sand small lake like structures will be formed. Once the mining activity is complete, the lakes will be formed and they will continue to serve as channels for water flow into the downstream systems. Land use S. pattern Item No. for 5 years Area under excavation 2. Mineral Stack Yards Plantation Roads 0.70 Others (area for future use) Total Unmined area Total Not applicable. No overburden is anticipated by mining activity of silica sand. Hence no land is required for any overburden dumping outside of the ML area. No R&R involved. Not applicable No forest land is involved in the mining lease area. Details of the land for any overburden dumps outside the mine lease, such as extent of land area, distance from mine lease, its land use, R&R issues, if any, should be given. A Certificate from the Competent Authority in the State Forest Department should be provided, confirming the involvement of forest land, if any, in the project area. In the event of any contrary claim by the Project Proponent regarding the status of forests, the site may be inspected by the State Forest Department along with the Regional Office of the Ministry to ascertain the status of forests, based on which, the Certificate in this regard as mentioned above be issued. In all such cases, it would be desirable for representative of the State Forest Department to assist the Expert Appraisal Committees. Status of forestry clearance for the Not applicable broken up area and virgin forestland The lease area is devoid of any forest land involved in the Project including hence NPV and CA is not applicable. deposition of net present value (NPV) and compensatory afforestation (CA) should be indicated. A copy of the forestry M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech. (P) Ltd. 4

15 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1 of Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh clearance should also be furnished. Implementation status of recognition of forest rights under the Scheduled Tribes and other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 should be indicated. The vegetation in the RF/PF area with necessary details should be given. A study shall be got done to ascertain the impact of the Mining Project on wildlife of the study area and details furnished. Impact of the project on the wildlife in the surrounding and any other protected area and accordingly detailed mitigative measures required, should be worked out with cost implications and submitted. Location of National parks, Sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserves, Wildlife Corridors, Tiger/Elephant Reserves (existing as well as proposed), if any, within 10 km of the mine lease should be clearly indicated supported by a location map duly authenticated by Chief Wildlife Warden Necessary clearance, if any, as may be applicable to such projects due to proximity of the ecologically sensitive areas as mentioned above should be obtained from the State Wildlife Department/ Chief Wildlife Warden under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 and copy furnished. A detailed biological study for the study area [core zone and buffer zone (10 km radius of the periphery of the mine lease)] shall be carried out. Details of flora and fauna, endangered, endemic and RET species duly authenticated, separately for core and buffer zone should be furnished based on field survey clearly indicating the Schedule of the M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech. (P) Ltd. Not applicable The area is not covered under Scheduled Tribes and other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, Hence, it is not applicable Reserved Forest falling within 10 km radius of the mining lease areaare as below: 1. Momid RF 1.25 km N 2. Kottapatnam 4.88 km E 3. Udavaripalem 4.91 km SW 4. Vallipadu 6.38 km - SW Details of Flora found in RF are given in Chapter 3 ofpara Detailed Biological Study for the project has been conducted. Impact and Mitigation measures are incorporated in Chapter3& Chapter 4. There are no National parks, Sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserves, Wildlife Corridors, Tiger /Elephant Reserves (existing as well as proposed) in the core area. There is no schedule-i fauna present in the study area. A detailed biological study is discussed under Chapter3, para no

16 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1 of Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh fauna present. In case of any Scheduled I fauna found in the study area, the necessary plan for their conservation should be prepared in consultation with State Forest and Wildlife Department and details furnished. Necessary allocation of funds for implementing the same should be made as part of the project cost. Proximity to Areas declared as Critically Polluted or the Project areas likely to come under the Aravali Range, (attracting court restrictions for mining operations), should also be indicated and where so required, clearance certifications from the prescribed Authorities, such as the SPCB or State Mining Dept. Should be secured and furnished to the effect that the proposed mining activities could be considered. Similarly, for coastal Projects, A CRZ map duly authenticated by one of the authorized agencies demarcating LTL, HTL, CRZ area, location of the mine lease w.r.t CRZ, coastal features such as mangroves, if any, should be furnished. Note: The mining Projects falling under CRZ would also need to obtain approval of the concerned Coastal Zone Management Authority). R&R plan/ compensation details for the project affected people should be furnished. While preparing the R&R Plan, the National Rehabilitation & Resettlement Policy should be kept in view. In respect of SCs/STs and other weaker sections, need based sample survey, family-wise, should be undertaken to assess their requirement and action programmes integrating the sectoral programme of line departments of the State Government. It may be clearly brought out whether the village(s) located in the mine lease area will be shifted or not. The issue relating to shifting of village(s) including their R&R and socioeconomic aspects should be discussed in the report. M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech. (P) Ltd. Not Applicable. The proposed project does not fall within 10 Km radius of any CRITICALLY POLLUTED area and Also the project area does not fall in Aravali hill ranges. The proposed project does not fall within CRZ area. Not Applicable. There will be no resettlement or rehabilitation involved in the project area, hence compensation details are not applicable. 6

17 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1 of Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh One season (non-monsoon) ((i.e. MarchMay (Summer Season); OctoberDecember (Post monsoon season); December-February (winter season)) primary baseline data on ambient air quality as per CPCB Notification of 2009, water quality, noise level, soil and flora and fauna shall be collected and the AAQ data so complied presented data-wise in the EIA and EMP report. Site-specific metrological data should also be collected. The location of the monitoring stations should be such as to represent whole of the study area and justified keeping in view the pre-dominant downwind direction and location of sensitive receptors. There should be at least one monitoring station within 500 m of the mine lease in the pre-dominant downwind direction. The mineralogical composition of PM10, particularly for free silica, should be given. Air quality modeling should be carried out for prediction of impact of the project on the air quality of the area. It should also take into account the impact of movement of vehicles for transportation of mineral. The details of the model used and input parameters used for modeling should be provided. The air quality contours may be shown on a location map clearly indicating location of the site, location of sensitive receptors, if any and the habitation. The wind roses showing predominant wind direction may also be indicated on the map. The water requirement for the project, its availability and source to be furnished. A detailed water balance should also be provided. Fresh water requirement for the project should also be indicated. M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech. (P) Ltd. One season data of ambient air quality, water quality, noise level, metrology, soil and flora and fauna has been collected during winter season Dec 2016 to Jan & Feb Details are given in Chapter 3. Based on ISCST3 model Air quality modelling has been prepared for prediction of impact of the project. The details are given in Chapter 4, Para no The daily fresh water requirement is 8.0 KLD. Water will be obtained through existing bore wells from nearby village; Requirement Purpose (KLD) Dust Suppression 5.0 Green belt 2.0 Development Domestic Use 1.0 Total

18 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1 of Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh Necessary clearance from the Competent Authority for drawl of requisite quantity of water for the project should be provided Description of water conservation measures proposed to be adopted in the Project should be given. Details of rainwater harvesting proposed in the Project, if any, should be provided. The total requirement of water will be 8.00 KLD, which will be met from the existing bore wells from nearby village; NOC need to be obtained from Gram Panchayat. Water requirement will be met from the existing bore wells from nearby village. Major consumption of water is for dust suppression and greenbelt development in the ML area which is 7.0 KLD. Planted saplings will be survived in 2 to 3 years period and eventually water consumption will be come down with survival of plants. Surface water Water requirement will be met from the existing bore wells from nearby village. No adverse impact on surface water body. Ground water The water table in this region is at a depth of 5.0mbgl and 3.5mbgl (pre monsoon and post monsoon). Mining will be carried out 1 m above the ground water table of 3.5 m. Mining activity will be confined to 2.5 m depth from the ground level and safe barrier of 1 m will be maintained of the existing water level though out the mining activity. No chemical having toxic elements will be used for carrying out mining activity. Also, silica sand does not contain any kind of toxic element which can contaminate the water. The mining will be done 1 m above the ground water table. The mining will be done up to the depth of 2.5 m from ground level and 1 m safe barrier will be maintained of existing water level i.e.; 3.5 m bgl. There will be no intersection of mining activity with ground water level. Hence no adverse impact on ground water table. 27. Impact of the project on the water quality both surface and groundwater should be assessed and necessary safeguard measures, if any required should be provided. 28. Based on actual monitored data, it may clearly be shown whether working will intersect groundwater. Necessary data and documentation in this regard may be provided. In case the working will intersect groundwater table, a detailed hydro geological study should be undertaken and report furnished. Necessary permission from Central Ground Water Authority for working The hydro geological data is given in Chapter below ground water and for pumping of 3, Para no. 3.6 ground water should also be obtained and copy furnished. Existing bore wells from nearby village; NOC will be obtained from Gram Panchayat. Details of any stream, seasonal or There is one spring channel on south side in otherwise, passing through the lease the ML area. As the modifications to mining area and modification / diversion plan/scheme are made by following the proposed, if any, and the impact of the guidelines, there will be no adverse effect on 29. M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech. (P) Ltd. 8

19 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1 of Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh same on the hydrology should be the spring channel. brought out. As per the modifications, no mining of silica sand will be carried out on either side of the spring channel up to 50 m. The safety zone of 50 m on both side of spring channel will be maintained as No Mining Zone during the mining activity of 5 year mining plan. Hence, no adverse effect on water regime is anticipated. Information on site elevation, working The information is given below:depth, groundwater table etc. should be AMSL bgl provided both in AMSL and bgl. A Site elevation schematic diagram may also be provided Working depth for the same. Ground water (pre-monsoon) Ground water (post-monsoon) A time bound Progressive Greenbelt Development Plan shall be prepared in a tabular form (indicating the linear and quantitative coverage, plant species and time frame) and submitted, keeping in mind, the same will have to be executed up front on commencement of the project. Phase wise plan of plantation and compensatory afforestation should be charted clearly indicating the area to be covered under plantation and the species to be planted. The details of plantation already done should be given. The plant species selected for green belt should have greater ecological value and should be of good utility value to the local population with emphasis on local and native species and the species which are tolerant to pollution. Impact on local transport infrastructure due to the project should be indicated. Project increase in truck traffic as a result of the project in the present road network (including those outside the project area) should be worked out, indicating whether it is capable of handling the increase load. Arrangement for improving the infrastructure, if contemplated (including action to be M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech. (P) Ltd. A time bound Progressive and Stage - wise Greenbelt Development Plan is given in Chapter-10, of para no There is no major impact on local transport as 48Trucks/ day will be required for transport of mineral from mine. The LOS value from the proposed mine is excellent and very good for all villages. Traffic Management & Mitigation Measures includes 1. Haul roads will be sprinkled with water to keep the dust suppressed. 9

20 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1 of Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. taken by other agencies such as State Government) should be covered. Project Proponent shall conduct Impact of Transportation study as per Indian Road Congress Guidelines. 33. Details of the onsite shelter and facilities to be provided to the mine workers should be included in the EIA report. 34. Conceptual post mining land use and Reclamation and Rehabilitation of mined out area (With plans and with adequate number of sections) should be given in the EIA report. 35. Occupational heath impact of project should be anticipated and prevention measures initiated. Details in this regard should be proved. Details of pre placement medical examination and periodical medical examination schedules should be incorporated in the EMP. The project specific occupational health mitigation measures with required facilities proposed in the mining area may be detailed. M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech. (P) Ltd. 2. Proper route management of the traffic will be done for smooth ingress and egress of traffic. 3. Supervisors will be appointed to regulate the traffic at the project sites. 4. Speed breakers will be constructed in accident prone areas to calm the traffic and its speed. 5. Signposts will be erected at the sensitive and precarious places to caution or provide information to road users. Onsite shelter and facilities will be provided to the mine workers as per Approved Mining Plan & as per Mines Rules. Following are the infrastructural facilities which will be provided to the workers: First aid facilities will be provided. Personal protective equipment as helmets, shoes,ear muffs, gloves etc. will be provided to the workers. At the conceptual stage, out of the total mining lease area (i.e.; Ha), total mined out area will be 20.1 Ha.No Reclamation and Rehabilitation of mined out area will be taken as mining will be continued up to 2.5m below after detailed exploration. Land use plan of the lease area in Present Land Use, End of 5th year and Conceptual Land Use Pattern area are given above TOR point 10. All safety measures prescribed under mining laws will be followed strictly. All workers will be medically examined in pre placement phase. Periodical medical examination as per Mines Rule should be done every 5 years. The persons working in dusty environment should be examined every year as per the DGMS circular No. 01 of Medical examination will be as per the medical fitness prescribed under Form P and P1 of the Mines Rule 1955, amended by Mines (amendment) Rules, The persons working in dusty environment will beexamined every six month as per company policy. 10

21 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1 of Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh Public health implications of the Project and related activities for the population in the impact zone should be systematically evaluated and the proposed remedial measures should be detailed along with budgetary allocations. Measures of socio economic significance and influence to the local community proposed to be provided by project proponent should be indicated. As far as possible, quantitative dimensions may be given with time frame for implementation. Detailed environmental management plan to mitigate the environmental impact which, should inter-alia include the impacts of change of land use, loss of agricultural and grazing land, if any, occupational health impacts besides other impacts pacific to the proposed project. Public hearing points raised and commitment of the project proponent on the same along with time bound action plan to implement the same should be provided and also incorporated in the final EIA/EMP report of the project. Details of litigation pending against the project, if any, with direction /order passed by any Court of Law against the project should be given. The cost of the project (capital cost and recurring cost) as well as the cost towards implementation of EMP should clearly be spelt out. A Disaster management Plan shall be prepared and included in the EIA/EMP Report Benefits of the project if the Project is implemented should be spelt out. The benefits of the project shall clearly indicate environmental, social, economic, employment potential, etc. M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech. (P) Ltd. The details of Occupational health impact of project are described under Chapter 4. The workers health check up will be done in every six month. Medical camp will be organized in impact zone under CSR activity and details are given in Chapter 10. Measures of socio-economic influence to the local community have been furnished and described under Chapter 9, point no Environmental Management Plan is address in Chapter 10. Details are given in Chapter 7. There is no litigation against the applicant and the lease area in any court of law to the best of our knowledge. Total Project Cost lakhs Cost for Environmental Protection Measures Capital Cost-Rs.2,70,000/Recurring Cost-Rs.1,80,000 /Disaster management Plan have been furnished and described under Chapter 7, Section 7.3of EIA report. M/s.Kohinoor Minerals has proposed to provide financial assistance of Rs. 2.5 lakhs for the development of social infrastructure of the area. Following measure will be taken to improve 11

22 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1 of Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. 44. a. b. c. d. e. f. g. the Social infrastructure of the study area: Preventive medical care and educational facilities for rural population shall be promoted. Priority will be given to local people for employment. Indirect employment through contractual services shall be provided. Extending general benefit by way of development work in the villages through respective Gram Panchayat. Supplementing Govt. efforts in health monitoring camps, social welfare and various awareness programmes among the rural population. Assisting social forestry programme. Besides the above, the below mentioned general points are also be followed: Executive summary of the EIA/EMP Executive summary has been incorporated. Report. All documents to be properly All documents to be properly referenced with referenced with index and continuous index and continuous page numbering. page numbering. Documents have been numbered in continuation and properly referenced w.r.t. to Table of Contents (Index). Where data are presented in the report The data presented in the report especially in especially in tables, the period in which table, along with the period in which the data the data were collected and the sources was collected and the source has been should be indicated. incorporated. Project proponent shall enclose all the Analysis/testing reports of water, air, soil, noise analysis/testing reports of water, air, has been incorporated. soil, noise etc. using the MoEF&CC/NABL accredited laboratories. All the original analysis/testing reports should be available during appraisal of the project. Where the documents provided are in a Compliance made language other than English, an English translation should be provided. The questionnaire for environmental The relevant questionnaire will be incorporated appraisal of mining projects as devised in the final EIA by the ministry shall also be filled and submitted. While preparing the EIA report, the All instruction mentioned in O.M. No. J-11013/ instructions for the proponent and 41/ IA.II (I) dated 4th August, 2009 are instruction for the consultant issued by being complied with. MoEF/CC vide O.M. No. J- M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech. (P) Ltd. 12

23 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1 of Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. h. i. j /41/2006-IA.II(I) dated 4th august 2009, which are available on the website of this ministry, should be followed. Changes, if any made in the basic scope and project parameters (as submitted in Form-1 and the PFR for securing the TOR) should be brought to the attention of MoEF&CC with reasons for such changes and permission should be sought, as the TOR may also have to be altered. Post public hearing changes in structure and content of the draft EIA/EMP (other than modifications arising out of the P.H. process) will entail conducting the PH again with the revised documentation. As per the circular no. J11011/618/2010-IA.II(I) dated Certified report of the status of compliance of the conditions stipulated in the Environment Clearance of the existing operation of the project should be obtained from the regional office of Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, as may be applicable. The EIA report should also include i) Surface plan of the area indicating contours of main topographic features, drainage and mining area, ii) Geological maps and sections and iii) Sections of the mine pit and external dumps, if any, clearly showing the land features of the adjoining area. There is no change made in the basic scope and project parameter. This is new project. Hence, not applicable. All Surface plan, Geological cross section plan, Conceptual plan has been incorporated in EIA Report. ADDITIONAL TOR POINTS 1 Project Proponent shall maintain the setback distance of 50 meters on both sides of spring channel/from the spring channel and 7.5 meters buffer zone all around the mine lease area for greenbelt development. The PP ensured to maintain the distance of 50 meters on both sides of spring channel and 7.5 meters buffer zone all around the mine lease area and greenbelt development will be done in 7.5 m barrier zone of ML area. ******* M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech. (P) Ltd. 13

24 Executive Summary

25 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals Executive Summary 1.1 INTRODUCTION M/s. Kohinoor Minerals is silica Sand Mine spread over an extent of Hectares (95.98 Acres) of mining lease area in Sy. Nos.: 396, 397, 398, 410, 411, 412, 413, 420 & 421 of Chintavaram village & 496/1 of Ballavolu village, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Silica sand production from the mine is 2,01,975 TPA. 1.2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION M/s. Kohinoor Minerals proposes to produce Silica Sand of 2,01,975 TPA from its mining lease spread over an area of Ha, with a project cost of Rs.50.0 Lakhs. An amount of Rs. 5.0 lakhs has been budgeted for implementing the Environmental Management Plan. 1.3 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT The study area covers 10 km radius of M/s. Kohinoor Minerals mine lease area located near Chintavaram & Ballavolu Villages, Chillakur Mandal, Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. As part of Environmental Impact Assessment study, baseline environmental monitoring was carried out covering the months of December 2016, January and February The predominant wind directions during these hours were from NW N W sector accounting to about 33.7 % of the time with calm winds of less than 1.6 kmph for 32.1 % of the time. Wind speed during this period was varying from 1.6 to 15 kmph. Ambient air quality of the study area has been assessed through a network of 8 ambient air quality locations. Results of the ambient air quality at all the above locations were found to be well within the limits of National Ambient Air Quality (NAAQ) standards specified for Rural and Residential areas. Concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx and CO are mainly contributed due to vehicular traffic and local activities. The following is the summary of ambient air quality in the study area 1

26 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals Table1.1: Summary of Ambient Air Quality (mg/m3) 98th Percentile Values PM 10 PM 2.5 SO2 NOx Note: CO values are observed less than 1 ppm during study period. Noise levels were measured near residential areas and other settlements located within 10 km radius in and around the mine area. Noise levels recorded were found to be in the range of 50.4 to 54.5 db (A) during day time and in the range of 41.4 to 51.6 db (A) during night time. Assessment of water quality in the study area includes the quality assessment of parameters as per the Indian standard IS Water samples collected showed compliance of all parameters with the drinking water standard of IS The study area is covered with sand. Soil samples were collected from eight locations for assessing the quality. There are no rare or endangered flora/fauna species in the area. Major portion of the working category is engaged in agricultural, cultivation and other works than household works. Due to the excavation of mining activity in the area a good proportion of the population is directly or indirectly employed in other works also ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITEGATONS MEASURES AIR ENVIRONEMENT The air borne particulate matter is the main air pollutant contributed by open cast mining. The major activity being transport from the working pit to the stock pile and stock pile to end users, the dust levels are distributed all along the transport route from the mine. The maximum concentration of PM10 is about µg/m3 at 50 m from source and hence the air pollution impact on the surrounding is negligible. AIR POLLUTION CONTROL MEASURES Present ambient air quality levels in the mine area are well within the limits. The 2

27 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals mining operations being fugitive dust prone, the impact at far distances will be minimal. The main activities for air pollution are loading, unloading of silica sand and transportation of silica sand by trucks. The maximum contribution of dust emissions will be from handling and transport to an extent of 2,01,975 tonnes/annum. No overburden is present in the mine so transport of overburden is not envisaged. The environmental control measures to control the fugitive dust released for the proposed production are given below: Regular water sprinkling on sand heaps and haul roads with water tankers. Regular grading of haul roads and service roads to clear accumulation of loose material. The vehicles will be kept in well-maintained condition so that emissions will be minimized Afforestation for control of dust. NOISE ENVIRONMENT Noise will be produced due to vehicular movement. The mining activity will not generate any noise as no drilling or blasting or use of heavy machinery is involved. NOISE POLLUTION CONTROL MEASURES No major impact of the mining activity on the vicinity is envisaged. However, pronounced effect of noise levels (generated by vehicular operations) is felt only near the active working area and on the personnel working in the vicinity. The following noise abatement measurements are proposed for implementation during operational phase: Proper and regular maintenance of vehicles, machinery and other equipment. The workers employed will be provided with protection equipment, earmuffs and ear-plugs, as a protection from the high noise level generated at the mine site wherever required. Speed of trucks entering or leaving the mine will be limited to moderate 3

28 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals speed of 25 kmph to prevent undue noise from empty trucks. M/s. Kohinoor Minerals will develop greenbelt in 7.5 m width barrier zone all around the mine boundary to control the work zone noise levels around the mine to some extent WATER ENVIRONMENT The drainage pattern in the area is dendritic. One spring channel is passes through the mine lease area. M/s. Kohinoor Minerals will leave a barrier of 50 m on either side of the channel as undisturbed zone to prevent any contamination or siltation of the canal. Both side 50 m barrier of spring channel will be maintained as No Mining Zone. The mine workings will be above the water table throughout the life of the mine. The deepest level to be reached will be 2.5 m below ground level and groundwater table is at 3.5 m bgl. There will not be intersection of ground water table due to mining. About 0.4 m3/day of domestic sewage will be generated from the toilets and other areas. This waste water will be treated in septic tank followed by soak pit. As the quantity of wastewater generation from this section is very small, no biological treatment system is envisaged LAND ENVIRONMENT There is no solid waste generation from the mine. No top soil is generated from the mine as the mine lease area is full of silica sand in loose form. No overburden waste material generation is envisaged during the life of the mine AFFORESTATION M/s. Kohinoor Minerals proposes to afforest an area of 0.04 Ha along the mine lease boundary. 4

29 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals Table 1.2: AFFORESTATION SCHEDULE Years Area (Ha) Ist Year IInd Year IIIrd Year IVth Year Life of Mine No. of plants proposed Location Type of plant Along 7.5 m barrier zone Cashew plants Afforestation along the mining lease and mined out area will be done mainly by planting Cashew plantation which is growing in the area based on agro climatic conditions SOCIO ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT The mine area does not cover any habitation. Hence the mining activities do not involve any displacement of human settlement. No public buildings, places, monuments etc exist within the lease area or in the vicinity. The mining operations will not disturb/relocate any village or need resettlement. No R&R plan is involved OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY MEASURES All the persons will undergo preplacement examination at the time of joining. M/s. Kohinoor Minerals will provide essential medicines at the site. The medicines and other test facilities will be provided at free of cost. The first aid box will be made available at the mine for immediate treatment. Apart from the above, M/s. Kohinoor Minerals will incur an amount of Rs.2 lakhs/year towards the periodic checkup of the workers. 1.5 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES (TECHNOLOGY & SITE) M/s. Kohinoor Minerals is adopting open cast semi mechanized method of mining. This method mainly involves digging, scooping, spreading, screening, collecting in basket and loading into trucks and occasionally use of excavators. 5

30 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals 1.6 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM M/s. Kohinoor Minerals will monitor the environmental parameters as per CPCB/ IBM/ MoEF&CC guidelines and will ensure the implementation of the EMP measures within the mine area and carryout efficient monitoring. They will incur an amount of Rs. 4.0 lakhs for implementation of environmental management plan. 1.7 PROJECT BENEFITS M/s. Kohinoor Minerals has employed 32 persons for carrying out the mining operations. In addition there will be indirect employment to many more people in the form of contractual jobs, business opportunities, service facilities etc. This will enhance the economic status. Apart from the jobs, the M/s. Kohinoor Minerals will contribute to medical and educational facilities to the employees. SOCIAL WELFARE MEASURES M/s. Kohinoor Minerals will take up the following social welfare measures for the villages located in the vicinity. Conducting Health camps for surrounding villages Repair of roads in nearby villages. infrastructure to schools including toilets, uniforms, black board, Providing course material, text books etc Sponsoring rural sports and adult education. Publicity awareness camps for HIV, Pregnant women Repair/construction of public conveniences like Bus Shelters etc., M/s. Kohinoor Minerals will incur an amount of Rs. 2.0 lakhs/annum for implementing the above measures. 1.8 CONCLUSION M/s. Kohinoor Minerals strongly believes in the concept of ecofriendly industrialization. Various socio economic development activities proposed will bring about overall socio economic development in the area. 6

31 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1 Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Purpose of the Project The production of silica sand at 2,283 thousand tonnes in decreased by about 19 % over that of the previous year due to lack of demand from cement plants and labour problems. Andhra Pradesh the major producing state reported decrease of about 28% in comparison with the previous year due to of request labour problems. During the year under review, there were 133 reporting mines as against 138 in the preceding year. Besides, the production of silica sand was also reported as an associated mineral by four mines during the year. Ten principal producers accounted for about 54% of the total production. The share of public sector in the total production was 5% in as against 1% in the preceding year. Andhra Pradesh, the leading producing state accounted for 39% of the total production during the year followed by Gujarat (17%), Rajasthan (14%), Maharashtra (13%), Uttar Pradesh (7%), Jharkhand and Karnataka (4%each). The remaining two percent productions was the contribution of Kerala, Odisha and Tamil Nadu. About 62% of the total production of silica sand was contributed by 15 silica sand mine sand two associated mines, each mine producing more than 50 thousand tonnes annually and about 33% by 56 silica sand mines and one associated mine, each producing five thousand to fifty thousand tonnes. The remaining 5% of the output was contributed by 62 silica sand mine sand one associated mine, each producing less than 5000 tonnes annually. Mine-head stocks of silica sand at the end of were 3,260 thousand tonnes as against of 1,280 thousand tonnes in the beginning of the year. The average daily employment of labourers in was 2,401 as against 2,257 in the previous year. Domestic prices of silica sand are furnished in the General Review on Prices. Background of Project: The proposed project is for mining of Silica sand mineral by semi mechanized opencast method. The lease area of ha Silica sand mine situated at Chintavaram & Ballavolu Village, Chillakur mandal, S.P.S.R Nellore district, Andhra Pradesh. It is a Government land. This lease has been sanctioned on for 20 Years. The first renewal of mining lease was granted in favor of M/s Kohinoor Minerals, managing partner Smt. P. Devasena M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd. 1

32 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1 Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report over an extent of Ha., in 396,397,398,410,411,420 & 421 of Chintavaram Village and 496/1 of Ballavolu Village, Chillakur Mandal, and SPSR Nellore District. Vide G.O.Ms.No128 of Industries & commerce (M.I) Dept., dated , for a period of twenty years to mine silica sand. The mining plan was approved vide letter no.: 659(205)/SI/95/NLR dated: , by IBM, Hyderabad. The 2nd scheme of mining was approved on by JDM&G O/o DM&G Hyderabad vide letter no.: 12/MS/NLR/13 dated: for 2 years and The 3rd scheme of mining was approved on by the JDM&G O/o DM&G Hyderabad, vide letter no.: 596/MS/NLR/2015 Dated: from to Sub-Committee of SEAC on Nellore Silica Sand project environmental conditions: SEAC (AP) identified the present area of operations as eco-sensitive and accordingly issued a few guidelines after detailed study, for protection of environment, in which the existing approved mining plan/scheme was modified. Accordingly the present modifications are being submitted for approval. The same guide lines are issued by AD Mines and Geology also. After The Asst. Director, Mines & Geology, Nellore, Vide Notice No 2634/NGT/2015 dated: , issued guidelines to be followed by the Mining Lease holders in Kota & Chillakur Mandal of Nellore District to be conducted as per the Environmental, Ground Water Department and Mining Norms. Based on this guidelines the lessee prepared the modified mining plan and got approved from DDMG, Guntur zone vide Letter. No.: 187/SS/MMS/NLR/2016 dated: Silica sand production from the mine is 2,01,975 TPA. The credible action was initiated against the mine for operating the mine earlier without EC and case was filed in Hon ble 2nd Addl. Judicial Magistrate of first class, Nellore (Case no. 182/2016) and paid a fine of 1 lakh on Dated: in court. M/s. Kohinoor Minerals is in a process to obtain Environmental Clearance for the above mine from SEAC/SEIAA, Andhra Pradesh. The proposed activity is categorized as Category B1 project as per Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification on Dated: 14/09/2006. It necessitates obtaining the Environmental Clearance from SEAC/SEIAA. As per the requirement of EIA notification, necessary application to SEIAA, Andhra Pradesh was submitted on for approval of Term of Reference (TOR). TOR was approved by SEIAA, Andhra Pradesh vide letter no.: SEIAA/AP/AP/NLR/MIN/07/2016/154 on Dated: M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd. 2

33 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1 Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report 02/09/2016 attached as an Annexure 2. Compliance of terms of reference has been given in the EIA report. The subject report is Final EIA Report prepared for Environmental Clearance of the project. This EIA has been prepared as per the Terms of Reference granted and the EIA Notification. Further to assess the impact on environment, it is necessary to ascertain present status of environment prevailing at the project site and proposed construction and operation including identification and Assessment of impact on the environment. Keeping these points and statutory requirement in view, this Environment Impact Assessment Report (EIA) and Environmental Management Plan (EMP) (here in after described as the EIA/EMP Report) has been prepared. Environmental Study has been carried out within 10 km radius of the mine area over a period of December 2016 To February 2017 (winter season). 1.2 Profile of Project Proponent Smt. P. Devasena, Managing Partner of M/s. Kohinoor Minerals has been working in the field of mining from past twenty years at Chintavaram & Ballavolu Village, Chillakur Mandal, SPSR Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Silica sand is one of the most common varieties of sand. Silica sand produced is supplied to manufacturer of glass, synthetic foundry moulding. It is also used for acid heat resistant ceramics, refractoriness, pottery glaze, enamel etc. M/s. Kohinoor Minerals Silica Sand Mine supplies silica sand for manufacturer of glass and moulding industries in Chennai and Bangalore since last 10 years. The Mining Plan has been approved under Rule 22 (4) of Mineral Concession Rules, 1960 by The Deputy Director of Mines & Geology, Kakinada, vide letter no.: 187/SS/MMS/NLR/2016 Dated: 30/01/2016, letter of approval of mining plan is attached as Annexure 3 for mining lease and also to fulfill the requirement to obtain the Environmental clearance. 1.3 Address of the Applicant M/s. Kohinoor Minerals Mg. Partner: Smt. P. Devasena M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd. 3

34 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1 Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report W/o. P. Shiva Kumar Reddy, 7/105, Mittapalem Street, Gudur, Nellore Dist. (A. P.). 1.4 Brief Description of Nature, Size, Location of the Project The details are given in Table 1.1. Table-1.1: Details of Surrounding Area S. N. A. B C Particulars Nature of project Size of project Mining Lease area Proposed Production capacity Project location Village Mandal District State Survey No Land Toposheet No. Latitude & Longitude M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd. Details M/s Kohinoor Minerals Ha 2,01,975 TPA of Silica sand Chintavaram Village & Ballavolu Village Chillakur SPSR Nellore Andhra Pradesh 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 of Chintavaram village & 496/1 of Ballavolu Village Government Land 57N/16 & 66B/4 BP Latitude Longitude N E N E N E N E N E N E N E N E N E N E N E N E N E N E 4

35 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1 Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report D E N E N E N E N E N E N E N E Environmental Settings Details(With approx. aerial distance and direction from the mining lease boundary) Nearest Village Ballavolu village 0.5km (S) Nearest City Gudur 20.0 km (W) Nearest National Highway NH km (W)- Nellore-Chennai Highway Nearest Railway station,airport& Sea Gudur Railway Station 23 km (W), port Tirupati Airport 77.0 km (SW) & Krishnapatnam Port km (NE) Interstate boundary Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu inter-state boundary at a distance of 71.0 km (S) Archeological Place No Archeological place in the study area. National Park, Wild Life Sanctuary, Nil within the study area Wild Life Corridors, Biosphere Reserves, Migratory routes for Birds. Protected Forest etc. within 10 Km radius study area Reserve Forest and Protected Forest Momidi RF 1.2 km in North within 10 Km radius Kottapatnam RF 4.8 km in East Udatavaripalem R.F 4.9 Km in Southwest Vallipedu R.F. 6.3 Km in Southwest Water bodies within 10 km radius Yeruvu Cheruvu 4.8 km (NW), Upputeru River 5.5 km (NNW), Pennaki Cheruvu 6.7 km (SSW), Swarnamukhi River 7.3 km (SE), Bay of Bengal 8.3 km (E) Seismic Zone Zone-III Cost Details Total Project Cost Rs Lakhs Cost for Environmental Protection Capital Cost-Rs. 2.7 Lakhs Measures Recurring Cost-Rs. 1.8 Lakhs Source: Site Visit M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd. 5

36 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1 Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report Location Map and Site Photographs Map showing general and specific location of proposed mine site, Topo map with 10 km radius, photographs and Google imagery are given in Figure 1.1, Figure 1.2, Figure 1.3 & Figure 1.4. M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd. 6

37 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1 Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report Figure 1.1: Map Showing State, District and Project Location Andhra Pradesh M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd. 7

38 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1 Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report Figure 1.2: Topomap (1:50,000) with 10 KM Radius Demarcation around the Proposed Project Site M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd. 8

39 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1 Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report Figure 1.3: Photographs of Proposed Mine Site Figure 1.4: Google Image of the Proposed Mine Site M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd. 9

40 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1 Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report Location and Approach to the Mine The site is well connected to the link road and NH-5 is 19.7km (W) Nellore-Chennai Highway. Nearest town is Gudur at 20 Km (West) and Nellore District Headquarter is at 35 Km (North) from the mine site. Nearest Railway station Gudur is 23.0 Km (West) from proposed mine site. Post and Telegraph, Hospital, Bank, Education and all market facilities are available at these places. 1.5 Project Objectives Existing Mine Lease (Credible action completed) Production of 2,01,975 TPA of Silica sand as per the JDMG, Hyderabad approved Mining Plan. Mining method will be open cast semi mechanized method with digging and scooping and excavated with the help of simple tools like spade/ pawdas and occasionally using excavator/loaders. 1.6 Scope of the Study Comply all the Terms of Reference points issued in ToR by SEAC. Identification of Environmental Aspects and its associated impacts on the environment. Prediction of impacts of mining activity on environmental attributes. Delineating proper environmental measures to mitigate/minimize the impacts on environment. To check the compliance of operations as per the statutory Consent/Legal requirements Methodology of EIA The EIA/EMP has been prepared based on EIA Notification 2006/2009/2011, as amended from time to time and the TOR as follows: The various steps involved in the study include: Identification of significant environmental parameters and assessing the status within the impact zone. Prediction of Impacts envisaged due to proposed scheme on various environmental parameters. Evaluation of impacts after superimposing the predicted scenario developed by using ISCST3 model over the baseline scenario to prepare Environmental Management Plan. M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd. 10

41 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1 Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report Collection of site-specific meteorological data at the mine site. Carrying out a site specific ecological study. Carrying out a site specific study for the Core and Buffer Zone for Ambient air, Water, Soil, Land use, socio economic status etc. Literature review that includes identification of relevant data from various government agencies and other sources for socio-economy, demography, meteorology, land use, ecology, etc. Identify various existing pollution loads due to mining and domestic activities in the buffer zone. Evaluate the predicted impacts on the various environmental attributes in the study area by using scientifically developed and widely accepted Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Methodologies. Preparation of Environmental Management Plan (EMP) outlining the measures for improving the environmental quality. 1.7 Terms of Reference The term of reference have been issued by State Environment Impact Assessment Authority (SEIAA), Andhra Pradesh dated and are enclosed as Annexure 3. The Compliance to the terms of reference has been given in EIA report. ******* M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd. 11

42 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420,421 of Chintavaram & 496/1 of Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report CHAPTER 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 2.0 INTRODUCTION Andhra Pradesh has the major producing Silica sand reserve in India. The districts of Nellore, Prakasam, Krishna, Godavari and Visakhapatnam are endowed with extensive high grade silica sand minerals. The present and consistent production of approximately 8.7 Lacks tons provides for the Glass plants in these districts. 2.1 Type of Project The Mining Lease area has been proposed over an area of Ha, which is a Government Land. There is no forest land within the ML area. The project planning details are: Mining Method Mining method will be open cast semi mechanized method with digging and scooping and excavated with the help of simple tools like spade/pawdas and occasionally using excavator/loaders. Production - 2,01,975 TPA of Silica sand (Peak Production) Project cost - Rs Lakhs The total mineable reserve estimated for Silica sand is 28,60,700 tones. The anticipated life of the mine is 14 years with peak production of 2,01,090 TPA of Silica sand. This mining project falls under Category B Project or activity 1(a) as per EIA Notifications 2006, as amended from time to time. 2.2 Need for the Project and its Importance to the Country and or Region The basic objective of the project is to effective utilization of Mineral in the country and /or region. With the development and industrialization has enhanced the demand of Silica sand is chosen for many constructions and building stone. Silica sand used in the manufacturing of glass and ceramics and for foundry moulds. 2.3 Location of the Project Location details have been incorporated in Chapter-1 of this final EIA report, Table 1.1 and Figure Topography and Drainage Pattern Topography-The core zone is almost plain land with worked pits. The rain water is mostly absorbed by sand and excess water flows towards NE direction. There is no grazing or agricultural land in and around the mining lease area. The area is fully covered with silica M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd. 12

43 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420,421 of Chintavaram & 496/1 of Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report sand. No other outcrops of any rock types are present in the area. The silica sand have resulted from the back water bay of Bengal. A little presence of silt and ferruginous material associated with silica sand. This was sorted by waves and deposited near the shore line. Buffer zone of the study area is occupied by the recent unconsolidated deposits of alluvium consisting of sand, silt and clay (clay is dominant) by both fluvial and marine action representing the quaternary in geological time scale. These formations favor excellent ground water prospects but the salinity will be the problem in deep wells. Hence, the potable ground water in the study area is restricted to shallow depths only. The mine owner has excavated the Duruvas up to the depth to water encountered 30 m x 30 m grid, the elevated zones is up to 3.5 m below un-disturbed surface. Hence, after study it is confirmed that the water level at the mine lease area is at a depth of 3.5 m below the ground level. Geomorphologically, the study area is formed by fluvial and marine land forms like coastal plain; Cut off meander, abandoned channels, palaeo channel Beach, Alluvial plain etc. The area to the north of Upputeru River is occupied by Fluvial Marine land forms whereas the southern part is formed by marine action. Figure 2.1 shows surface plan of mine lease area. Drainage Pattern- The general drainage pattern Dendritic to sub-dendritic. Both, Upputeru or Kandaleru and Swarnamukhi Rivers are non-perenial at the upstream lands. The study area, being coastal dunal landforms, in all probability formed over an impervious clay beds, the water table is shallow. Fresh water aquifiers occur under phreatic to confined conditions in the sand dunes of Nellore District. The study area exhibits nearly level topography (0-3%) and sloping towards east and north east. The mine site is bound by Upputeru or Kandaleru River which flowing in the northeastern direction and Swarnamukhi River. The drainage pattern is parallel to sub parallel with moderate to fine texture. The drainage density is very low and indicating the recent alluvial deposits and high infiltration rate. The water table in the area as per study at mine lease area is at a depth of about 3.5 m from ground surface. The mine workings will be above the water table throughout the life of the mine. The deepest level to be reached will be 2.5 m below ground level and groundwater table is at 3.5 m below ground level. There will not be intersection of ground water table due to mining. Figure 2.2 shows the drainage pattern of the study area. Figure 2.3 shows the geological cross sections of mining. Figure 2.4 shows the Mining Lease Sketch of the mining area. M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd. 13

44 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420,421 of Chintavaram & 496/1 of Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report 2.5 Regional Geology: Pennar and Swarnamukhi rivers are the major contributors to the formation of deltaic plains in the district. The deltaic and coastal plain extends from north to south along the eastern margin of the district all along the coast. The southern fringe of the coastal plain is occupied by Pulicat Lake, few kilometers north to this lake, a vast stretch of sandy coastal plains region occurs between the mouths of Swarnamukhi River and Kandaluru Creek. This sandy coastal plain extends up to a distance of 5 to 6 km from sea coast and appears in a crescent shape, with deposition of sands up to 8 m msl, indicating a formation of the coastal dunal systems. This coastal dunal system is the specific interest of the present study, which moves the eastern part of the Chillakur mandal and the northern part of the Kota mandal. As per Geological Survey of India, these deposits belong to marine to fluvio-marine origin containing tidal flat (Qmb) and deltaic (Qfm) deposits with unconsolidated sand, silt and clay sediments in varying amounts with variable effective porosify to carry fresh to saline ground water in varying amount of the sand have an aeolin origin that the sand of the present dunal system was once (Pleistocene to Holocene period) submerged under sea water and exposed after a long spell of global glacitations, which was followed by sand deposition and consequently through aeolin process the present dunal system appeared. The schist, sand and sandy soil incorporates the general geology of the applied area. The main geological sequence is as follows. Recent Nellore schist belt Dharwars Archaeons Silica, sand and clay Allumina and silica rich products Schist's, Phylliteetc. Igneousrocks Local Geology: Local geology and Lithology of the area is as follows: Silica sand Fine grade sandy soil Schists and other rocks Silica sand 2.0 to 2.5 m thick. Sand with sedimentation of clay material. Below 6m (not confirmed in any of the existing operating mines). The area is fully sandy in appearance throughout. As the entire mine area is occupied by the single litho unit silica and deposit with East-West trend with shallow dips towards north. The litho units show a conformable sequence with gradational transitions. Therefore the geological sequences are referred in general way. M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd. 14

45 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420,421 of Chintavaram & 496/1 of Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report Figure 2.1: Surface Plan of Mine Lease Area M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd. 15

46 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420,421 of Chintavaram & 496/1 of Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report Figure 2.2: Drainage Pattern M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd. 16

47 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420,421 of Chintavaram & 496/1 of Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report Figure 2.3: Geological cross sections M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd. 17

48 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420,421 of Chintavaram & 496/1 of Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report Fig. 2.4: Mine Lease Sketch M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd. 18

49 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420,421 of Chintavaram & 496/1 of Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report 2.6 Reserves Reserves blocked under the 7.5 m barrier zone : 1,44,755 T Reserves blocked under 50m spring channel safety zone: 3,55,192 T Mineable reserve : 28,60,700 T 2.7 Mining Operation The silica sand is loose mineral. Mining will be semi mechanized open cast method of digging, scooping and excavating with the help of simple tools like spade/ pawdas. Excavators/ Loaders will be deployed occasionally. There is no change in the method of mining. The depth of excavation will be restricted by scooping the sand in retreading direction of mine face developed Extent of Mechanization This is an open cast semi mechanized method of mining with digging, scoping and occasionally with the help of excavators Year Wise Production for the Modified Scheme Period ( to ) In this scheme period, it is proposed to rise about 8,04,365 tons of sand. An average 2,01,190 T/year by advancing North face of the working pits towards South as shown Drilling and Blasting As this is silica sand available loosely in the mine lease area. Hence drilling and blasting is not required Loading and Hauling/ Transport Loading will be done by manually. Haulage within the mine will be done by manual head loads and mineral will be transported by hired trucks of 17 tons capacity to user industries. 2.8 Production Target Parameter (As Per Mine Plan) The production target for the first five years, along with the target for removal of OB and waste is given below: M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd. 19

50 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420,421 of Chintavaram & 496/1 of Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report Table 2.1: Production Targets Averag e Strike Length Cross Section Sectional Area in m2 IInd Year ( ) A-A B-B IIIrd Year ( ) C-C IVth Year ( ) D-D E-E Vth Year ( ) F-F G-G Year Volume m Total Total Total Production of Silica Sand Tonnage in MT Total Cumulative Total The mine will be worked on the day shift only; the average number of working days in the year would be 250. During the five years of working about 8,04,365 tons of Silica sand will be produced Handling of Waste Top Soil Removal There is no top soil generation in this five years plan period. Overburden Removal The Silica sand occurs from the surface without much overburden in proposed mining block. Hence there is no overburden removal necessitating preproduction development. It is a development cum production programme right from starting of mining activity. 2.9 Anticipated Life of the Mine It is proposed to work entire Mineable reserve during life of mine; during this plan period Silica sand is proposed for life of mine of peak production is tons per annum. However, for safer side taking mineable reserve into consideration 28,60,700 tons of Silica sand, at the rate of proposed average production per annum, the life of the mine will be 28,60,700/ = Years OR Say 14 years based on this conceptual plan is prepared. M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd. 20

51 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420,421 of Chintavaram & 496/1 of Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report 2.10 Conceptual Mining Plan The depth of mining will be 2.5 m below ground level. The depth of excavation in permissible mining area shall in no case exceed 2.5 m from stay level in Minus-Z direction (The Safety Barrier Zone of 1 m will not be disturbed with excavations. Proper care will be taken to scoop the mineral from 2.5 m above the Safety Zone of water table i.e.; 3.5 m below the ground level. At the end of the mine about ha up to a depth of 2.5 m in the form of multiple pits will be mined. In this area, the mining incorporates only degradation and depletion of elevated land. The excavation of mineral will not be completed in next four years. Therefore, proposals of reclamation and rehabilitation of mined out land in next four years is not proposed. Table 2.2: Land Use Pattern at the Mine S. N. Land use Category Present (Pre Operational) Operational 1 Excavation (voids only) Roads Mine infrastructure Mineral storage m barrier zone Others Total area to be utilized for Mining Unmined Area Total Mine Lease Area Available Utilities Water No water consumption will be there except, the water required mainly for dust suppression, green belt development, drinking and other domestic purpose during mining operations. The total requirement of water will be 8.0 KLD, which will be met from the M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd. 21

52 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420,421 of Chintavaram & 496/1 of Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report existing bore wells from nearby village; NOC will be obtained from Gram Panchayat. Table 2.3: Peak Water Requirement Purpose Dust suppression Green Belt Development Domestic Use Total Requirement (KLD) Figure2.4: Water Balance Diagram Total Water Requirement 8.00 KLD Dug well/ River water Domestic 1.0 KLD Dust suppression 5.0 KLD Plantation 2.0 KLD No outflow Septic tank- Soak Pit Power No power is required for this mine lease area as the mining activities will be carried out during day time only. Man Power The Human Resource requirement for the Project is total 32 Nos. of Manpower. The detail of the manpower deployed at mine site is as follows: Table 2.4: Manpower Requirements Mine Manager Mining Engineer Mining Supervisor/ Clerk Mine Watchman Mining Labour ( On contract basis) Total M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd

53 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420,421 of Chintavaram & 496/1 of Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report 2.12 Use of Mineral The mineral (Silica sand) is used for mainly glass industry. Silica sand produced is supplied to manufacturer of glass, synthetic foundry moulding. It is also used for acid heat resistant ceramics, refractoriness, pottery glaze, enamel etc Mineral Beneficiation The material mined is not subjected to any beneficiation at the site. However, the user industries will subject it to washing. Mineral Processing No processing of the mineral will be carried at mine site Description of Mitigation Measures Following mitigation measures will be adopted by M/s. Kohinoor Minerals to minimize the impact of project on the surrounding environment: Table 2.5: Mitigation Measures to Minimize Impact of Project S. No. 1. Particulars Mitigation measures to be adopted Air Environment Regular water sprinkling on sand heaps and haul roads Source: Mining with water tanker to reduce fugitive dust emission at Activity (Digging, project site. scooping and The vehicles will be kept in well maintained condition excavating) & so that fugitive emissions will be reduced. Vehicular Over loading of vehicles will be avoided. Movement Green belt will be developed along the 7.5 m safety zone as dust preventive barrier. 2. Water Environment Domestic waste will be treated in septic tank followed by soak pit. No top soil is generated from the mine activity. No overburden waste material generation is envisaged during the life of the mine. Solid/Hazardous No Solid/ Hazardous waste material generation is Waste Environment envisaged during the life of the mine. Noise Environment Proper and regular maintenance of vehicles, machineries and other equipment at regular intervals will be done to reduce generation of noise. Personal protective equipment like earplugs and earmuffs will be provided to the workers exposed to high noise level M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd. 23

54 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420,421 of Chintavaram & 496/1 of Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report Speed of trucks entering or leaving the mine will be limited to moderate speed of 25 kmph to prevent undue noise from empty trucks. Green belt development will help in reducing noise level in the plant as a result of attenuation of noise generated due to plant generated due to plant operations and transportation. ******* M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd. 24

55 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report CHAPTER 3 DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT 3.0 INTRODUCTION The main objectives of describing the environment, which may be potentially affected, are (i) to assess present environmental quality and the environmental impacts and (ii) to identify environmentally significant factors. The chapter contains information on existing environmental scenario of the proposed project study area. 3.1 Study Area The proposed mine lease boundary is considered as a center, a radial distance of 10 km is considered as study area for baseline data collection and environmental monitoring. The study area map is given in Chapter 1, Figure Study Period The baseline data generation for the EIA-EMP has been carried out during December 2016 to February 2017 for the period of three months. 3.3 Components and Methodology To achieve the objectives of ToR, M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech Pvt. Ltd. team members visited the study area and monitored the environmental parameters as per of ToR Letter and accordance with the Guidelines for EIA, issued by the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change, Government of India. The components of the study are given below: Sr. No Component Land use Geology Hydrogeology Air Quality and Meteorology Air Environment Noise Environment Sr. No Component Water Environment Land Environment Biological Environment Socio-economic Environment Solid and Hazardous Waste Risk Assessment Data Collection Methodology The baseline information on micro-meteorology, ambient air quality, water quality, noise levels, soil quality and floristic descriptions are largely drawn from the data generated by M/s. KIWIS Eco Laboratories Pvt. Ltd. (NABL Accredited Lab). The FAEs are also involved in selection of monitoring locations and data collection. Long term meteorological data recorded at the nearest IMD station, Nellore was also collected. Micrometeorological data at site was recorded using automatic weather station. Apart from these, secondary data have been collected from Census Handbook, Revenue Records, Statistical Department, Soil Survey 25 M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd.

56 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report and Land use Organization, District Industries Centre, Forest Department, Central Ground Water Authority, etc. 3.4 Land Use Pattern of the Study Area (A) Data Used Indian Remote Sensing satellite, multi-spectral digital data has been used for the preparation of land use/ land cover map of present study. Survey of India reference map on 1:50,000 scales have been used for the preparation of base map and geometric correction of satellite data. Ground truthing has been carried out to validate the interpretation accuracy and reliability of remotely sensed data, by enabling verification of the interpreted details and by supplementing with the information, which cannot be obtained directly on satellite imagery. (B) Methodology the methodology used for the study consists of following components. Methodology Adopted for Thematic Data Extraction from the Satellite Imageries ERDAS 9.2 image processing software was used for digital processing of the spatial data. Digital image processing techniques were applied for the mapping of the land use land cover classes of the provided area from the satellite data. Methodology Used for Land use Classification and Mapping is presented in Figure 3.1. Figure 3.1: Methodology Used for Land use Classification and Mapping 26 M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd.

57 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report Results In the present study, both digital image processing and using visual interpretation technique were used to generate output of Land use cover map of study area. A land use/ land cover details of the study area is shown in Fig A land use pattern of the study area (10 km from the project site) is shown in Fig. 3.3.A standard False Colour Composite (FCC) image has also been generated on the same scale and is shown in Fig. 3.4.The land use pattern of the study area is given in Table 3.1. Table 3.1: Land Use Pattern of the Study Area S. No. Particular 1 Water Bodies 2 Barren Land Road Built-up Land Agriculture Land Railway Line Total Area (ha.) PGA (%) Figure 3.2: Land use / land cover details Water Bodies Agriculture Land Road Builtup Land Figure 3.3: Land Use Railwa Line Waste Land Pattern of the Study Area (10 km Radius from the Project Site) M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd.

58 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report Figure 3.3: Land use / land cover details 28 M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd.

59 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report Figure 3.4: FCC Map of the Study Area (10 km Radius from the Project Site) 29 M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd.

60 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report 3.5 Geology Nellore district (officially: Sri Potti SriRamulu Nellore district), located in Coastal Andhra region is one of the 13 districts of Andhra Pradesh. The district is bordered by the Bay of Bengal to the east, Kadapa District to the west, Prakasam District to the north, Chittoor District and Thiruvallur District of Tamilnadu to the south. The eastern side consists of area of low-lying land extending from the base of the Eastern Ghats to the sea. The west side of the district is separated from Kadapa district by Veligonda hills. The district is split by the River Pennar and is located on both south and north banks of it. About the half of the total area is cultivated and the rest is wasteland because of it is rocky land, sandy coastline or covered with scrub jungles. Pennar, Swarnamukhi and Gundlakamma are the main rivers that flow through the most of the district. This area is rich in particular kind of flint called quartzite. The district forms a part of Eastern Ghat Mobile belt exposing all the characteristic litho units of the Eastern Ghat Super group such as the khondalite group is represented by khondalite (quartz-felspar-garmet-sillimanite-graphite gneiss), calc granulite and quartzite which occur as impersistent bands within the khondalite. The charnockite group consists of acid, intermediate, and basic varieties. The migmatite group consists various rock types including leptynite, porphyroblasticgranitioid gneiss, gamet-biotite-hypersthene gneiss, quartz of elspathicmobilisates and other associated hybrid rocks. Bauxitic laterite occupies several flat topped and gently slopping hills at elevation at 100m and above. Laterites are mostly developed on khondalites and rarely on charnockites. Tirupathi sandstone of Gondwana super group occurs unconformably over the Archaean crystallines. This is represented by coarse sandstone and clays exposed close to the coast. Channel bars and active channels contain brown silts and coarse sand. The marine sediments of active beach and tidal flat are seen in the narrow coastal plain. The coastal plain south of Elamanchili is rocky, scarp faced and believed to be fault controlled. The rocks along the coast bear the impressions of sea level fluctuations up to an elevation of 145 m above MSL. The structural grain of the litho units is defined by foliation which is considered to have developed because of first phase of folding and uniformly shows parallelism with the primary layering wherever preserved. The strike of the foliation varies from NE-SW to NW SE with moderate to steep dips. The rocks have been subjected to tight isoclinal folding having regional trend of NE-SW. As a result of cross folding on NW-SE axis, structural domes and basins have been formed in the area. 30 M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd.

61 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report 3.6 Hydrogeology In the study area forming coastal/fluvial plain, groundwater occurs under phreatic to confined conditions and is developed through shallow dug wells, filter point wells and tube wells. The thickness of the coastal alluvium ranges from 10 to 20 meters. Ground water occurs in unconfined condition within the highly porous and permeable formations of coastal alluvium. The depth of dug wells ranges from 5 to 12 m, while the depth of filter point wells generally varies from 6 to 11 m. The yields generally range in this aquifer between 3.5 to 5.0 m3/hr. Occasionally high yields occur in the palaeo channel areas. The ground water in the area is fresh to brackish, with pockets of saline occurrences. Palaeo channels, wind-blown sand, and sand dune areas are favorable locations for fresh water aquifers. Since the area forms coastal terrain, it is prone to salt water encroachment; hence deeper bore wells cannot be drilled. The transmissivity value of the aquifers ranges from 200 to 500 m 2/day with specific capacity of 35 to 1000 m3/day/mdd respectively (CGWB, 2013). Detailed hydrogeological report is given in Annexure Air Quality and Meteorology Climate The climate of the area is characterized by a hot and dry summer from March to May, a south-west monsoon or rainy season from June to September, a pleasant post-monsoon or retreating monsoon from October to November and a cool winter from December to February. Therefore, climatologically, four seasons viz. summer (pre-monsoon), monsoon, post-monsoon and winter could be deciphered comprising the following months: Summer : March, April, May Monsoon : June, July, August, and September Post-monsoon : October and November Winter : December, January, and February Air Pollutants upon discharge to atmosphere pass through a number of mechanisms, which include diffusion and transportation leading to dispersion. These mechanisms are governed by the local atmospheric conditions. All these result in the necessity to collect the meteorological parameters like ambient temperature, wind speed, wind direction, and other weather conditions (relative humidity, atmospheric pressure etc.), which will be ultimately 31 M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd.

62 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report used for the prediction of the ground level concentrations of the air pollutants through mathematical modeling. For this purpose a temporary auto weather station was installed to record micro meteorological data on wind speed, wind direction, Ambient Temperature, Solar Insulation and Relative Humidity on hourly basis. The primary data from the site was matched with secondary data of IMD station, Nellore for data proofing. A sophisticated on-site meteorological observatory was established near project site and operated continuously for three months period (Dec to Feb. 2017). The observatory was located about 10 m above the ground level and ensured to be free from any obstruction to wind. Besides, this location was found to be most suitable one being close to the project site. The Wind rose diagram for the entire period is shown in Figures 3.5. Windrose Observations: First predominant wind isnw followed by N. The total wind flow in both directions is 25.8% of the total time. Calm percantage (32.1%) of the wind direction is more than that the total time of the both predominent direction. 32 M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd.

63 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report Figure 3.5: Wind rose Diagram (Site Specific) 33 M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd.

64 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report 3.8 Ambient Air Environment An assessment of the existing air quality is required to establish the reference level. To accomplish this, Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (AAQM) Stations were set up within 10 km radius of ongoing mining area. Data over baseline status of ambient air quality was generated with following objectives: Qualitative analysis of air environment of the area. Representation of regional back ground levels Influence of existing sources of pollution The major contributors/sources of air pollution in the area are Vehicular traffic Windblown Dust Ambient Air Quality The ambient air quality monitoring was carried out at 8 locations. The location and descriptions of AAQM stations is shown in Table 3.2 & Figure 3.6. The parameters monitored during the study period were Particulate Matters (PM10), Particulate Matter (PM2.5), Sulphur dioxide (SO2), Oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and Carbon Monoxide (CO). The results of AAQM are depicted in the Table 3.4 and AAQ data are depicted Table 3.3. AAQ detailed data is attached as Annexure 5. Table 3.2: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations Code Sampling Location A-1 Project Site A-2 Distance (km) w.r.t Project site Direction w.r.t Project site Ballavolu 1.0 km SSE A-3 Chintavaram 1.5 km NW A-4 Mogaliguntapalem 1.9 km NNW A-5 Idulavaripalem 3.4 km ESE A-6 Ankulapateru 6.7 km W A-7 Siddavaram 7.2 km SE A-8 Uttamnellure 8.1 km SSE 34 M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd.

65 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report Figure 3.6: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations 35 M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd.

66 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report Table 3.3 (A): Particulate Matter PM10 Location Name Project Site Ballavolu Chintavaram Mogaliguntapalem Idulavaripalem Ankulapateru Siddavaram Uttamnellure Minimum Maximum Average th Percentile Table 3.3 (B): Particulate Matter PM2.5 Location Name Project Site Ballavolu Chintavaram Mogaliguntapalem Idulavaripalem Ankulapateru Siddavaram Uttamnellure Minimum Maximum Average th Percentile Table 3.3 (C): Sulphur Dioxide - SO2 Location Name Project Site Ballavolu Chintavaram Mogaliguntapalem Idulavaripalem Ankulapateru Siddavaram Uttamnellure Minimum Maximum Average th Percentile M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd.

67 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report Table 3.3 (D): Oxides of Nitrogen NOx Location Name Project Site Ballavolu Chintavaram Mogaliguntapalem Idulavaripalem Ankulapateru Siddavaram Uttamnellure Minimum Maximum Average th Percentile Table 3.3 (E): Ozone O3 Location Name Project Site Ballavolu Chintavaram Mogaliguntapalem Idulavaripalem Ankulapateru Siddavaram Uttamnellure Minimum Maximum Average th Percentile Location Name Project Site Ballavolu Chintavaram Mogaliguntapalem Idulavaripalem Ankulapateru Siddavaram Uttamnellure Table 3.3 (F): Lead Pb Minimum Maximum Average 98th Percentile Table 3.3 (G): Nickel Ni Location Name Project Site Ballavolu Chintavaram Mogaliguntapalem Idulavaripalem Ankulapateru Siddavaram Uttamnellure Minimum Maximum Average 98th Percentile 37 M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd.

68 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report Table 3.3 (H): Arsenic As Location Name Project Site Ballavolu Chintavaram Mogaliguntapalem Idulavaripalem Ankulapateru Siddavaram Uttamnellure Minimum Maximum Average 98th Percentile Table 3.3 (I): Benzo(o)Pyrene BaP Location Name Project Site Ballavolu Chintavaram Mogaliguntapalem Idulavaripalem Ankulapateru Siddavaram Uttamnellure Minimum Maximum Average 98th Percentile Table 3.3 (J): Benzene C6H6 Location Name Project Site Ballavolu Chintavaram Mogaliguntapalem Idulavaripalem Ankulapateru Siddavaram Uttamnellure Minimum Maximum Average 98th Percentile Table 3.3 (K): Carbon Monoxide CO Location Name Minimum Project Site Ballavolu Chintavaram Mogaliguntapalem Idulavaripalem Ankulapateru Siddavaram Maximum Average 98th Percentile 38 M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd.

69 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report Uttamnellure Conclusion The analysis of ambient air quality data for three months consequently indicates excellent ambient air conditions at site as well as around the site upstream as well as downstream. Particulate matter PM10 as well as PM2.5 is within limits prescribed. SO2 and NOx levels are well below the limits prescribed hence overall picture as far as ambient air is concerned is positive. Table 3.4: Result of Free Silica in PM10 S. No Station name Free Silica in PM10 (µg/m3) Project Site Ballavolu Chintavaram Mogaliguntapalem Idulavaripalem Ankulapateru Siddavaram Uttamnellure Baseline Scenario a) Suspended Particulate Matter (PM10) Suspended particulate matter in general terms is the particulate matter in suspension in ambient air. It includes dust, smoke etc. In general some of the important sources of suspended particulate matter are mines. The following sources of suspended particulate matter in the study area are identified: Emission due to vehicular movement Dust generation from ground or other mining operations The minimum and maximum level of PM10 recorded within the study area was in the range of µg/m3 to µg/m3 with the 98th percentile ranging between µg/m3 to µg/m3. The 24 hourly average values of PM10 were compared with the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) and found that all sampling stations recorded in the study area are within the applicable limits i.e., 100 µg/m3 for SPM in rural areas. 39 M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd.

70 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report b) Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) Sulfur dioxide gas is an inorganic gaseous pollutant. Sulfur dioxide emissions are expected to be emitted wherever combustion of any fuel containing sulfur takes place. The sulfur in the fuel will combine with oxygen to form sulfur dioxide. The following sources of sulfur dioxide in the study area are identified: Emissions from domestic/consumption of fuel (coal, diesel, etc.) Emissions from DG sets used by mining activity and local residents Sulfur dioxide in atmosphere is significant because of its toxicity; sulfur dioxide is capable of producing illness and lung injury. Further it can combine with water (moisture) in the air to form toxic acid aerosols that can corrode metal surfaces, fabrics and the leaves of plants. Sulfur dioxide is an irritant to the eyes and respiratory system. Excessive exposure to sulfur dioxide can cause bronchial asthma and other breathing related diseases as it affects the lungs. The minimum and maximum level of SO2 recorded within the study area was in the range of 9.90 µg/m3 to µg/m3 with the 98th percentile ranging between µg/m3 to µg/m3. The 24 hourly average values of SO2 were compared with the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) and it was found that all sampling stations recorded values are below the applicable limits 80 µg/m3 for rural areas. c) Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) The important sources of oxides of Nitrogen are from utilities and auto exhaust due to vehicular movement in mine lease area. The following sources of oxides of nitrogen in the study area are identified. Emissions from field burning of coal. Emissions from vehicular movements in the study area. Oxides of Nitrogen in the presence of sunlight will undergo reactions with a number of organic compounds to produce all the effects associated with photochemical smog. NOX has inherent ability to produce deleterious effects by themselves like toxicity. It causes asphyxiation when its concentration is great enough to reduce the normal oxygen supply from the air. 40 M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd.

71 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report The minimum and maximum level of NOx recorded within the study area was in the range of µg/m3 to µg/m3 with the 98th percentile ranging between µg/m3 to µg/m3. The 24 hourly average values of NOx were compared with the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) and it was found that all sampling stations recorded values are below the applicable limits 80 µg/m3 for rural areas. d) Carbon Monoxide (CO) The minimum and maximum level of CO recorded within the study area was in the range of mg/m3. The 8 hourly average values of CO were compared with the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) and it was found that all sampling stations recorded values are below the applicable limits mg/m3 for rural areas. e) Ozone O3 The minimum and maximum level of ozone O3 recorded within the study area was in the range of µg/m3 to µg/m3 with the 98thpercentile ranging between µg/m3 to µg/m3. The 8 hourly average values of O3 were compared with the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) and it was found that all sampling stations recorded values are below the applicable limits 100 µg/m3 for rural areas. f) Ammonia NH3 The minimum and maximum level of NH3 recorded within the study area was in the range of 6.10 µg/m3 to11.90 µg/m3 with the 98th percentile ranging between 6.90 µg/m3 to µg/m3. The 24 hourly average values of NH3 were compared with the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) and it was found that all sampling stations recorded values are below the applicable limits 100 µg/m3 for rural areas. 3.9 Noise Environment Noise survey has been conducted in the study area covering residential transportation commercial and calm zones. The main objective of noise monitoring in the study area is to establish the baseline noise level, which is needed for assessing impact of total noise which is expected to be generated in the proposed project activities. 41 M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd.

72 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report Noise is measured in terms of loudness of the sound. Sound is a form of energy that propagates through an elastic medium at a speed that is determined by the properties of that medium. Since loudness of sound is important to the effects of noise on people, dependence of loudness upon frequency must be taken into account in environmental noise assessments. Several methods have been developed by researchers using the frequency spectrum of sound arrive at the loudness index or the given sound. For measuring the intensity of the sound Sound level meter is used which gives intensity of sound in terms of db (A). The basic step associated with impact assessment on the noise components of the environment involves identification and evaluation of the present noise status on the general population. Therefore noise level measurement was carried out at each ambient air quality station and also at site. The objectives of Noise environment studies are: To assess the ambient noise level in the study area. To characterize the noise pollution area. To predict the temporal changes in the ambient noise level of the area. Noise pollution in the study area is associated with the Industrial activities, Vehicular traffic. To judge the ambient noise level of the area, noise levels were recorded at 8 locations in db (A). The details of location are given in Table 3.5 and Figure 3.7. Monitoring results of the Noise level recorded at 8 locations is given in Table 3.6. Code N-1 N-2 N-3 N-4 N-5 N-6 N-7 N-8 Table 3.5: Location of Noise Monitoring Stations Distance (km) Location w. r. t. Project Project Site -Ballavolu 1.0 km Chintavaram 1.5 km Mogaliguntapalem 1.9 km Idulavaripalem 3.4 km Ankulapateru 6.7 km Siddavaram 7.2 km Uttamnellure 8.1 km Direction w. r. t. Project -SSE NW NNW ESE W SE SSE Table 3.6: Noise Levels during Study Period Max., Min. & Equivalent Noise levels LMax LMin Ld Ln N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 N6 N7 N M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd.

73 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report CPCB L min L max Ld Ln Ldn Ld Ln : Minimum Noise Level Recorded : Maximum Noise Level Recorded : Day Equivalent : Night Equivalents : Day-Night Equivalents It is observed that the noise values obtained were within the prescribed Ambient Air Quality Standards with respect to Noise Ambient Noise Standards Ministry of Environment Forests & Climate Change (MoEF&CC) has notified the noise standards vide gazette notification dated February 14, 2000 for different zones under the Environment Protection Act (1986). These standards are given in Table 3.7. Area Code A B C D Table 3.7 Noise Standards in Respect of Different Zones Noise db (A) Leq Category of Area Daytime* Night time* Industrial Area Commercial Area Residential Area Silence Zone Note: 1. Daytime is from 6.00am to pm and Nighttime is from pm to 6.00 am. 2. Silence zone is defined as area up to 100 meters around premises of hospitals, educational institutions and courts. Use of vehicle hours, loud speakers and bursting of crackers are banned in these zones. 43 M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd.

74 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report Figure 3.7: Ambient Noise Quality Monitoring Stations 44 M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd.

75 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report Noise Level Results The noise monitoring within the study area was recorded using sound level meter (Model No: SL 4030).Noise readings were taken at 8 different locations in the study area. S. No Table 3.8: Noise Level within the Study Area Leq Value monitored, in db(a) Location DAY* NIGHT* NQ NQ NQ NQ4 NQ5 NQ6 NQ7 NQ Conclusion The values of noise observed in some of the areas are primarily owing to vehicular traffic and other anthropogenic activities. Assessment of night time Leq (Ln) varies from 41.1 to 51.6 db (A) and the daytime Leq (Ld) varies from 50.4 to 54.5 db (A) within the study area Water Environment Water Quality Surface water and groundwater samples were collected from different sources within the study area and some important physical and chemical parameters were considered for depicting the baseline status of the study area Water Quality Assessment Selected water quality parameters for water resource of the study area have been used for describing the water environment and assessing the impacts. About 8 ground water samples were collected in the study area to assess the water quality. Water samples are drawn from the hand pumps being used by the villagers for domestic needs Ground Water Monitoring Methodology To evaluate the physico-chemical characteristics of the water resources existing in the study area, water samples of ground water sources were collected during the post-monsoon season and characterized for physico-chemical parameters. There samples were taken as grab 45 M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd.

76 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report sample and were analyzed for various parameters and compared with standards IS: The locations of water sampling stations have been shown in Table 3.9 and Figure 3.8. Table 3.9: Ground Water Sampling Locations in the Study Area Code Location Source GW-1 GW-2 GW-3 GW-4 GW-5 GW-6 GW-7 GW-8 Project Site Ballavolu Chintavaram Mogaliguntapalem Idulavaripalem Ankulapateru Siddavaram Uttamnellure Bore well Bore well Bore well Bore well Bore well Bore well Bore well Bore well Distance (km) w.r.t. Project -1.0 km 1.5 km 1.9 km 3.4 km 6.7 km 7.2 km 8.1 km Direction w.r.t. Project -SSE NW NNW ESE W SE SSE 46 M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd.

77 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report Figure 3.8: Water Sampling Location in the Study Area Analysis Report of Water Quality 47 M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd.

78 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report The quality of ground water was studied by collecting 8 water samples from representative hand pump and tanks. The physico-chemical characteristics of ground water samples presented in Table 3.10 Table 3.10: Analysis Results of Ground Water S. N. Parameters 1 Color Unit Limits as Per IS: 10500:2012 CU NTU μmho/c m 1 Not Specified mg/l 500 mg/l Not Specified mg/l 200 mg/l 200 mg/l 75 mg/l 30 mg/l 250 mg/l 200 mg/l 45 mg/l Not Specified mg/l Not Specified mg/l 1 mg/l mg/l 0.3 o C 3 Turbidity 4 Electrical Conductivity 5 Total Dissolved solids 6 7 Total Suspended Solids Alkalinity as CaCO3 8 Hardness as CaCO3 9 Calcium as Ca Magnesium as Mg Lead as Pb GW 1 GW 2 GW 3 GW 4 GW 5 GW 6 GW 7 GW <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 < <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 < <0.2 < <0.3 <0.3 <0.3 <0.3 <0.3 <0.3 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 Agreea ble Agreea ble Agreea ble Agreea ble Agreea ble Agreea ble Agreea ble Agreea ble <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 < Chlorides as Cl Sulphates as SO4 Nitrate as NO3 Sodium as Na Potassium as K Fluoride as F Iron as Fe Residual Chlorine as Cl Boron as B 0.2 mg/l 0.5 mg/l 5 - Agreeable mg/l 0.01 mg/l 0.1 mg/l mg/l 0.05 mg/l 0.05 mg/l 0.05 Zinc as Zn Odour Manganese as Mn Cadmium as Cd Copper as Cu Chromium as Cr - Cyanide as CN 48 M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd.

79 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report S. N. Parameters Total arsenic (as As) 3 3 E-Coli Unit Limits as Per IS: 10500:2012 mg/l 0.01 mg/l mg/l Mercury (as Hg) Phenolic Compounds as Phenols Mineral oil Total Coliform mg/l MPN/1 00 ml MPN/1 00 ml 0.5 Shall not be detectable in any 100 ml sample Shall not be detectable in any 100 ml sample GW 1 GW 2 GW 3 GW 4 GW 5 GW 6 GW 7 GW 8 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Observation of Ground Water ph varies from 6.89 at Chintavaram village (GW3) to 7.89 at Ankalupateru village (GW6) in the Study period. Hardness varies from mg/l at Siddavaram village (GW7) to mg/l at Idulavaripalem village (GW5) in the Study Period. Total dissolved solids varyfrom128 mg/l at Siddavaram village (GW7) to 885 mg/l at Idulavaripalem village (GW5) in the Study period Analysis Report of Surface Water Quality The Quality of surface water was studied by collecting three water samples from Upputeru River (Upstream) at Mogaliguntapalem village, Upputeru River (Downstream) at Mogaliguntapalem village and Swarnamukhi River (Downstream) at Siddavaram village. Détails of surface water location w. r. t. to mine site is given in Table 3.11 & Fig The physico- chemical characterestics of surface water samples presented in Table 3.12 Code SW-1 SW-2 SW-3 Table 3.11: Location of Surface Water Distance (km) Location Source w.r.t.to Project Upputeru River (upstream) Upputeru River (downstream) Swarnamukhi River (Downstream) Direction w.r.t.to Project Surface 5.90 km NNW Surface 6.50 km N 8.0 km S Surface 49 M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd.

80 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report Figure 3.9: Surface Water Sampling Location in the Study Area Table 3.12: Surface Water Analysis Report 50 M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd.

81 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report S. No Parameters 25.8oC Turbidity Color Electrical Conductivity Total Dissolved solids Total Suspended Solids Oil & Grease Alkalinity as CaCO3 Hardness as CaCO3 Calcium as Ca Magnesium as Mg Chlorides as ClSulphates as SO4 Nitrate as NO3 Sodium as Na Potassium as K Fluoride as F Iron as Fe Chromium as Cr+6 Zinc as Zn Chromium as Cr COD BOD (3 Days at 27OC) Dissolved Oxygen Copper as Cu Cyanide as CNPhenolic Compounds as Phenols Mercury (as Hg) Lead as Pb Manganese as Mn Cadmium as Cd Total arsenic (as As) Total Coliform 34 E-Coli Unit NTU CU μmho/c mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l SW < <0.3 <0.05 <0.2 < <0.05 <0.05 SW < <0.3 <0.05 <0.2 < <0.05 <0.05 SW < <0.3 <0.05 <0.2 < <0.05 <0.05 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l <0.001 <0.01 <0.003 <0.01 Absent <0.001 <0.01 <0.003 <0.01 Absent <0.001 <0.01 <0.003 <0.01 Absent Absent Absent Absent MPN/100ml MPN/100ml Baseline Quality The analysis results indicate that the ph is in the range of 7.13 to Total dissolved solid is in the range of 1280 mg/l to 1650 mg/l. Total hardness is in the range of 488 mg/l to 560 mg/l. Chlorides is in the range of mg/l to mg/l. 51 M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd.

82 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report Fluoride is in the range of 0.58 to 0.75 mg/l. Sulphates is in the range of to mg/l Land Environment (Soil Characteristics) The present study on soil quality establishes the baseline characteristics in the study area surrounding the mining lease area. The study has been addressed with the following objectives. To determine the base line characteristics. To determine the soil characteristics of proposed project site. To determine the impact of industrialization/urbanization on soil characteristics. To determine the impacts on soils from agricultural productive point of view. Soil samples were collected from 8 locations to assess the existing soil conditions representing various land use conditions and geological features and each these locations were identified randomly from where soil was collected from 30 cm below the surface. The samples were collected, labeled in the field with number and site name and sent to laboratory for analysis. The soil sampling locations are given in Table 3.13 and Figure 3.10 Code Table 3.13: Soil Sampling Locations in the Study Area Location Distance (km) w.r.t.to Direction w.r.t.to Project Project S-1 S-2 S-3 Project Site Ballavolu -1.0 km -SSE Chintavaram 1.5 km NW S-4 Mogaliguntapalem 1.9 km NNW S-5 Idulavaripalem 3.4 km ESE S-6 Ankulapateru 6.7 km W S-7 Siddavaram 7.2 km SE S-8 Uttamnellure 8.1 km SSE 52 M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd.

83 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report Figure 3.10: Soil Sampling Location in the Study Area Soil Analysis Results 53 M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd.

84 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report Soil analysis was carried out and the results are given in Table 3.14 Table 3.14: Soil Analysis Results S. N. 1 S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 ph Electrical Conductivity Bulk Density Moisture Content Organic carbon Available Calcium as Ca Available Magnesium as Mg Available Nitrogen as N Available Phosphates as P Available Potassium as K Parameters Texture a) Sand b) Silt c) Clay Loamy Sand Sand Loamy Sand Sandy Loam Silt Loam Sandy Loam Silt Loam Soil Type 13 Cadmium as Cd Silty Clay Loam 14 Chromium as Cr Nickel as Ni Lead as Pb 17 Copper as Cu Zinc as Zn Sodium Absorption Ratio(SAR) Results of Analysis of the Soil The following are the highlights of soil quality in the study area are as follows Soil Samples within 10 km Radius ph of the soil samples were found to be in the range of Organic content of the soil samples was found to be medium exhibiting in the range of 0.12 % % Soils in the area were found to be sandy and silty in texture with sand percentage in the range between %, silt between % and Clay % Biological Environment The study area for the ecological studies covers: 54 M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd.

85 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report Listing of the floristic and faunal species composition in study area Identification of sensitive locations or protected areas as per Wildlife Protection act, Identification of endemic, endangered, protected and vulnerable plant and medicinal plant and animal species To accomplish above objectives, a general flora and faunal study in study area was carried out. The survey includes: Reconnaissance survey for the selection of sampling sites; Compilation of secondary data; Generation of primary data to understand baseline ecological status; important floristic and faunal elements, sensitive habitats and rare species and Generation of data from local villagers about importance and status of plants and animals FOREST BLOCKS IN STUDY AREA As per records of forest department of Nellore district and on the basis of survey of India maps, the details of forest blocks in study area are presented below: Small plantations (agro forestry) could also be seen along the sea coast and near villages (Casuarina equsitifolia, Anacardium occidentale). A detail of Forest block in study area is given in Table Table 3.15: DETAILS OF FOREST BLOCKS IN STUDY AREA S. N Details of Forest Block Momidi Reserve Forest Kottapatnam Reserve Forest Udavaripalem Reserve Forest Vallipadu Reserve Forest Distance (Km) Direction w.r.t. to ML area N E SW SW PRIMARY FIELD SURVEY- FLORA Based on the physical setting and the kind of distribution of flora and fauna, the study area can be classified into cropland, forest land, terrestrial vegetational structure and aquatic ecosystems. 55 M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd.

86 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report CROPLAND ECOSYSTEM This is also known as manmade ecosystem or artificial ecosystem because man tries to control biotic community and physical environment. The common crops in crop land ecosystem in study area are Oryzha sativa, Pennesitumglaucam, Sorghum vulgare, Zea mays, which are mainly dependent on rainwater during monsoon season and also through ground water source, tube wells, open wells during non-monsoon season. In this crop land ecosystem in addition to the crop raised, a number of weeds like Cynodondactylon, Euphorbia hirta, Cyperusrotundus, Digetariasp and Alyscicarpussp also contributing to the primary production. Apart from that commercial crop like ground nut, sunflower, gossypium and several vegetables like Red Chillies, Brinjal, Bhendi and leafy vegetable crops could also grown in this region. TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM Natural vegetation is mostly restricted to herb layer having drought resistance. Other than herb layer the area is almost devoid of major forest type tree except agroforestry types and commercial plantations such as Tectona grandis, Leucenaleucophloe and Cocos nucifera..phoenix aculis, Borassus flabellifera, Azadirachta indica, Pongamia pinnata, Albizia procera, Delonix regia, Terminca liacatap, Pithiolobiumdulce, Prosopisspi cegera, Ficussp and Acacia sp which are mainly restricted to waste and culturable waste lands and in case of near villages and in case of agricultural lands, along the village road, state highways and major district roads Albizialeb beck, Peltofforum ferrusinum, Psidium guava, Dalber giasissoo, Mangifera indica and Tamarindus indica are predominant. The details of plantation species in study area which includes avenue plant species along the roads and natural vegetational species in study area are also presented in Table IMPORTANCE VALUE INDEX The Importance Value Index (IVI) is a statistical quantity which gives an overall picture of the importance of the species in the vegetative community. It considers the relative values of density, frequency and basal area of every species in given area. It thus incorporates three important parameters which are measures of diversity and productivity of every species. In any community structure, the quantitative value of each of the frequency, density and basal area and basal cover has its own importance. But the total picture of ecological importance cannot be obtained by one of these vegetation structure in respect to varying environmental factors can also be studied through such study of basal area, density and frequency of the 56 M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd.

87 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report community. The Importance value index as such, gives the total picture of sociological structure of species in a community but it does not give the dimension or share of relative values of frequency, density and dominance. The dominant plant species observed are Tephrosiapur puiajatrophasp, Cassia occidnetalis, Cassia tora and Parthernium hystreophorus. PLANT DIVERSITY Diversity means variety or variability. Species diversity therefore refers to the variation that exists among the different living forms. It is estimated that there are more than 50 million different species of living organisms on the earth. With the growing concern of species going extinct at a very rapid pace, identification of the different species of plants and animals and conserving them is of primary importance. Species indicates the extent of biodiversity in the ecosystem. Species diversity is a statistical abstraction with two components. These are the number of species or richness and evenness or equitability. For better understanding of plant diversity, the Shannon-Weaver index of diversity was used. The index considers two important characters of vegetation i.e.; floristic richness and proportional abundance of the species. Diversity index increases with the floral spectra (more species means that more wide species diversity) that show that undisturbed scenario of ecosystem. The species diversity indices for five sampling locations are presented in below Table Rare, Endangered and Endemic and Medicinal plants in study area On the basis of literature survey, from Red data books of Indian plants, detailed list rare and Endangered plant general of Andhra Pradesh particularly with reference to Nellore district reveals that there are no endangered, threatened, rare plant species or endangered, threatened, most threatened, vulnerable plant species observed or recorded during study period and this plant species is quite commonly present in the region. THE VEGETATION IN THE RF / PF AREAS IN THE STUDY AREA The vegetation in the following forest located in 10 km radius is mainly cashew and casuarina plantation. 57 M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd.

88 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report Table 3.16 List of Flora found in the study area is listed in below table: S. N. Botanical Name Local Name S. N. Acanthus ilicifillius Adina cardifolia Aegiceras comiculatum Albizia lebbeck Aristolochia indica Asparagus racemosus Atalantia monophysia(monophylla) Abrus precatorius Acacia Arabica Acacia leucophloea Acacia caesia Acacia Albiza amara Alangium lamarckil Anogeissus latifolia Annona squamosa Asparagus racemosus Atlantia monophylla Abutilon indicum Azadirachta indica Borassus flabellifer Bruguiera cylindrica Bilanitis aegyptiaca Baringtonia acutangula Bauhinia racemosa Bridella retusa Borassus flabellifer Buchanania angustifolia Butea monosperma Butea superba Calamum viminalis Canthium diocum Carissa spinarum Cassia auriculata Cassytha filliformis Chloroxylon suritenia Clerodendreon inerme Combretum ovalifolium Cordial dichtoma Creteava religiosa Alchi Paspuganapu Guggilam Pedda Dirisanam Dula Govela Pilli Gaddalu, Pilli Teegalu, Challa Gadda Adavi Nimma Gurivinda Nalla tumma Tella tumma Konda korintha Sundra Sundra Narlingi Ooduga Chiru Manu Sitaphalamu, Ganda Gathram, Sitapandu Pilli Gaddalu, Pilli Teegalu, Challa Gadda Adavi Nimma Erri Benda Yapa Karatalamu Vurada Gara Kurpa Are Kora Maddi Karatalamu Morli sara Moduga chettu Tiga Moduga Pepabettamu, Amlavetasamu Alli Vaka Tangedu Pachi tige Billudu Nilla Vuppi Geddepeyyeru, Bandi Katu-tige, Putangi Banka Nakkera Tella Ulimidi Botanical Name Local Name 58 M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd.

89 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report S. N. 84 Caesalpinia coriaria Calycopteris floribunda Canthium dicoccum Capparis sepiara Cardiospermum halicacabum Carallia brachiata Carissa carandas Chloroxylon swietenia Cleistanthus collinus Cordia domestica Cymobopogon coloratus Dalbergia paniculata Derris trifoliate Derris scandeus Dendrophthoe falcata Dichrostanchys cinerea Diespyros chloroxylon Dodonaea vicosa Dolichos lablab Drypetes sepiaria Dalbergia paniculata Datura Stramonium Desmodium pulchellum Dichrostachys cinerea Diospyros melanoxylon Dolichandrone falcata Dodonaea vicosa Elaeodendrum glancum Exoecaria agallocha Emblica officinalis Euphorbia antiquorum Ficus benghalensis Ficus tomentosa Ficus religiosa Flacourtia ramontchi Flacourtia indica Fluggea leucopyrus Feronia limonia Ficus hispida Ficus glomerata Garcinia spicata Glycosmis mauritiana Divi-divi Bandimurugudu Alli Nalla uppi Budda kakara Kaaralli Kalivi, Kali-Kai Billudu Kedisa Urunakkera Bodha Gaddi Sopera, Porla-patchari, Palsaru, Pachari Nalla Tige Sakal-tiga Badanika Velthuru Nela Ulimira, Ullinda, Thorika Puli-vailu Tellachikkudu Bira Sopera, Porla-patchari Dutturamu Karra Anthina Velthuru Thellagada Chittu-Niruddi Puli-vailu Nerdi Chilla Triphalamu Bomma Jemudu Pedda Marri Juvvi Rai Mulielka Kanru Pulugudu Pushpa-Phalamu Bommudu Atti Pidatha Gilugu Botanical Name Local Name Gossypium arboreum Prathithi 59 M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd.

90 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report Gymnosporia emarginata Gardenia resinifera Grewia hirsuta Gloriosa superba Hemidesmus indicus Hugonia mystax Hardwickia binata Helecteres isora Holarrhena antidysentrica Holoptelea integrifolia lchnocarpus frutescens Ipomoea biloba Ipomoea pes-caprae Ixora arborea Imperata cylindrica Kiraganelia reticulata Lannea coromandelica Lawsonia inermis Lepisanthes tetraphylla Mababuxifolia Mangifera indica Manikara hexandra Memecylon umbellatum Minusope elengi Moringa oleifera Maba buxifolia Madhuca indica Manilkara hexandra Merremia emarginata Memecylon edule Ochna squarrosa Olax scadens Opuntia dillenil Ocimum sanctum Opuntia elatior Pandanus tectorius Pavetta indica Pisonia aculeata Plecospermum spinosum Pongamia pinnata Premna latofolia Goddali-cippa Konda Manga Jibilika Potti Nabhi Barri Sugandhi Pisangi Yepi Pedda Shamala Kodaga Nauli Nalla Teega Beda Teega Bala-Banthi-Tige Korivi chettu Darbha Gaddi Nalla-Purugudu Gumpena Gorintaku Korivi Tella Alli Mamidi Puttapala Alli Pogada Munaga chettu Tella Alli Ippa Puttapala Elikajemudu Alli Erra Juvvi Bapana Mushti, Elka-Nakira, Tige Naku, Papeli Tulasi Nag-Dali Mogali Papidi Konki, Pisangi, Konkara Patri, Embudi Adavi Kokinta Kanuga Takli S. N. Botanical Name Local Name Prosopis specigera Phoenix sylvestris Jambi Etha Chettu 60 M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd.

91 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report S. N Pithecellobium dulce Pongamia pinnata Premna tomentosa Pronopis spicigera Pterospermum suberifolium Rhizophora apiculata Rhizophora mucronata Rivea hypocrateriformis Salicornia brachiata Salvadora persica Sapindus emanginatus Sapindus trifoliatus Sacciolepsis interrupta Scutia myrtina Spynifio littorals Stemona tuberosa Strucuvos nux-voncica Suaeda nudiflora Syzygium cumini Santalum album Sapindus emarginatus Schleichera oleosa Securinega leucopyrus Semecarpus anacardium Solanum indicum Streblus asper Strychnos nux-vomica Strychnos potatorum Syzygium cumini Sehima nervosum Tamarix troupil Tamarindus indica Terminalia tomentosa Thespesai lampas Tinospora cordifolia Toddalia aculeata Tylophora asthmatica Tephrosia purpurea Terminalia bellerica Terminalia chebula Botanical Name Thespesia populnea Tribulus terrestris Vanda roxburghii Sima chinta Kanuga Naguru, Kampu Gummudu Jammi Narudu Uppu ponna Upoo-ponna Boddi Teega Saakati-Pusalu, Koyyalu Chekkera-chettu Kunkudu Rittachettu Wolam Pariki Kalinga Kanupu Tige Mushty Revu Kada Neredu Tella Chandanam Kunkudu Rakot Tella Purugudu Nalla jeedi Chitti Mulaga, Adavi Uchinta Sitanike Mushti Induga, Chilia Neredu Nendra Gaddi Palligi Chinta Inna Maddi Papidi Tippa Teega Mulla Korinda, Mirapa Kandra, Varra Gokiri Gori Pala Vempali Tani Karakkai-Chettu Local Name Ganga Ravi Palleru Chitti Veduru 61 M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd.

92 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report Viscum orientale Vitex Negundo Webera corymbosa Walsura piscida Wrightia tinctora Zizyphus mauritiana Zizyphus oenoplia Zizyphus xylopyrus Zizyphus mauritiana Zizyphus (Rhamnus) xylopyrus Badanika Vyala, Sindu Vaaramu Kommi Yerra-Valsura Aku Pala Reni Parimi Gol Reni Gotti Chettu PRIMARY FIELD SURVEY-TERRESTRIAL-FAUNA An effort was made to identify habitats and areas of potential ecological importance for mammalian, avifauna and reptilian fauna within the study area. Baseline surveys of mammals, bird populations and reptilian fauna was undertaken within those selected locations. Wildlife Habitat A habitat survey was carried out both in the core zone i.e., Mine site and the buffer zone (10 km radius around the mine site). The core zone is a manmade rural ecosystem with agricultural land, homestead plantation and small village woodlot, which is not suitable for the large and medium sized mammals. Only some common bird species and few reptilian and amphibians are likely to be inhabitated. The buffer zone has natural forest, creeks and wetlands and river, which is suitable for wildlife population. But there are also other anthropogenic activity like human habitation etc. in the buffer zone, which may cause disturbance to wildlife habitat. Mammals There are several minor carnivorous and herbivorous wild animals in the study area. The commonly observed or reported mammals during study period are presented in Table Amphibians and Reptiles Amphibians were noticed mainly in fresh water and marshy places. Frogs and toads were present in this area. No tailed amphibians were cited in the survey. The details of different amphibians and reptiles in the study area are given in Table Avifauna in Study area Study for avifauna was carried out to identify species and their nature of living in the study area. The list of avifauna observed during study period is presented in Table M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd.

93 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report The list of identified insects from study area is presented in Table Location of Protected Areas (Elephant reserve, Tiger Reserve, National Park, Wildlife sanctuary, Community reserve and Conservation reserve) as per Wildlife protection act,1972 in study area is not recorded. As per Ministry of Environment and forests and Forest department of Government of Andhra Pradesh state notifications reveals that there are no biospheres, tiger reserves, elephant reserves, national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, conservation reserves and community reserves in 10 km radius from mine site. List of wildlife and conservation status as per wildlife protection act, 1972: A comprehensive Central Legislation namely Wild Life (Protection) Act was enforced in This law is enacted to provide protection to wild animals and for all matters related to their ancillary or incidental death. Schedule-I of this Act contains the list of rare and endangered species, which are completely protected throughout the country. Location of Spawning, Breeding, Nesting or Nursery of Turtles and or other Aquatic animals in study area: On the basis of field observations and interactions with forest officials of Nellore forest department, Nellore reveals that no aquatic animals have spawning, breeding, nesting or nursery of Turtles and other aquatic animals in study area. Table 3.17 The list of Fauna found in the study area is listed in below table: S. N. Common Name Scientific Name I II Mammals Pantha Jumple cat Common mangoose Squirrel Brown flying squirrel Bonnet monkey Grey langoor Reptiles Cobra Russel viper Common krait Local Name Panthera pardens Felis chaus Herpestes auropunctatus Fenambulus pennanti Petaurista sps Macaca radiate Presbytis entellus Chirutapuli Adavipuli Mungeesa Udumu Chettudutha Kothi Kondamuchu Naja naja Vipera sp Bungarus candidus Trachu pamu / nagupamu Raktha pinjara House Lizard Hemidactylus sp Balli Garden Lizard Calotes versicolor Tonda Rat snake Ptyas mucosu/ tripidonares miscator Jerripothu 63 M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd.

94 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report III 1 2 IV Amphibians Common frog Bufo frog Rana tigrina Bufo sp Avifauna Birds Winter Breeding Migrants (Aquatic) Flamingo Phenicopterus roseus pallas Gray / spotted bill pelican Pelecanus philoppensis gmelin Little cormorant Phalacrocorx niger Open billed stork Arastomus oscitans White / bis Therskiornis aethipic Spoon bill Platatia lencorodia linnnaeus Grey heron Ardea cinera linnaaeus Birds Winter Breeding Migrants (Terrestrial) Samudrapu ramachiluka Guda bathu China natikaki Natha gutta Tulli kandanaga pakshi Teddumukku konga Narayana pakshi Pied crested cackoo Clamator jacobinus Kukupitta Common hawk cackoo Cuculus varius vahi Kukupitta Koel Eudynamys scolopacea Koyala Birds Winter Migrants (Aquatic) Pintail Anas acuta Linnaeus Sudithoka bathu Common teal Anas crecca Linnaeus Paraja Spot bill Anas poecilorhyncha forester Chukkamuthi Pigeon Anas Penelope Linnaeus China yerra bathu Gadwall Ans strepra Linnaeus Godrala bathu Tusted poachard Aythya fuligula Linnaeus Cuvennamukku bathu 7 8 Cotton teal Nettapus coromandelianus Comb duck Sarkidiornis melanotos Birds Winter Migrants (Terrestrial) Common sand brouse Pterocles exustus temminok Common green pigeion Theron phoenicoptera Common swallow Hirundo rustica Linnaeus Blue tailed bee-eater Merops philloppinus Linnaeus Resident Birds (Aquatic) Pond heron Ardeolagsayie Cattle egret Bubulius lbis Little egret Egretta gouzetta Red wattled Vanettus indicus Resident Birds (Terrestrial) Grey patridge Francolinus pondicerianus Neeti kodi Vadla pitta Grey quail Cotumix coromandelica Budids koel Ring dove Spotted dove Rose ringed paraket Small blue king fisher White brusted king fisher Streptopelia decaoito Streptopelia chineusis Psittacula kranmiri Alaedoatthis Haliyonsmymensis Valayamkanti gunta Chukkala guvva Chiluka China lakumuki pitta Tella chiti lakumki pitta Lsuk kamuju Sandesana patchapavuram Koel pitchuka Nelli tenepitta Gaddikonga Pasurala konga Konga Yerra tithuva Udakamaju 64 M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd.

95 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report S. N. V Small green bee-eater Blue jay Rerfous wood packer Striated swallow Black drongo Tree pie House pie House crow Common nood shrike Red whiskered bulbul Common babbler Indian small skylark Cohite eye House sparrow White threated munia Spotted munia Birds of Pray Black winged kite Common parish kite Brahminy kite Common Name Insects Butter flies (Different species) Moths (Different species) Gram hopper Dragon flies Bees Wasp Beetle (Different species) Hoopess Bugs (Different species) Ticks Scale insects Praying maintis Stick insect Thrips Termites (soil & wood termites) etc. Merops orientalis latham Coracias benghalensis Micropternus bronchyurus Hirundo daurica Linnaeus Dicrurus adsimilis Dendrocitta vagabunda Corvus splendens vieillot Corvus macror phynchoswagler Pyenonotus jocosus Pyenonotus cafer Turdoides striatus Alanda gulgula franklin Pasoes domesticus Lonchura malabarica Lonchura punctulata Lonchura malacca Minapakaya pitta Palapitta Vadrangipitta Charala pichuka Pasuvula poligadu Vadrangi pitta Kaki Adavi kaki Yerra juttu bulbul pitta Pacha bulbul pitta Akasapa china pichuka Tarchi pitta Pichuka Tellagonthu mina Chukkala mina Nellata muniya Elamus coerulous Milvus migrous Haliastus Indus Local Name Nallarekkala gradda Pitheni gradda Bramhana gradda Seethakoka chiluka Deepapu purugu Gaddi midutha Tummedalu Teneteega Kandireega Pedapurugulu Midutha Nalli Pidegu Polusu purugulu Errarekkala purugulu Alukudu purugulu Penubanka Chedalu PRIMARY FIELD SURVEY AQUATIC Planktons are microscopic life forms belonging to either phytoplankton (algae) or zooplankton (protozoa or rotifers and crustaceans) categories. They form the lowest tropic 65 M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd.

96 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report level of the aquatic ecosystem and their presence or absence indicates the health of freshwater aquatic ecosystems. List of fishes in study area The list of fish species recorded in study area is presented in Table Table 3.18 The list of fish species in the study area is listed in below table: S. N. VI Common Name Pisces Angle fish Cockle fish Cat fish Lamprey Mullet Pyster Saw fish Seer fish Gar fish White fish Local Name Devatha chapa Gulla chapa Pamuvale undu chapa Mulugu chapa Meva chapa Asiguna chapa Rampapu chapa Vangarapu chapa Gar chapa Sorangi chapa Summary Flora and fauna studies were conducted during study period to assess the existing biological resources in and around Mine area. Azadirachta indica, Tamarindus indica, Acacia sp, Prospois spicegera, Acacianilotica, Delonix regia, Parthenium hysterophorus, Cassia occidentalis, Calotro pisprocera and Spinifexsp are predominant when compared to tree shrub and herb populations. About 180 plant species were recorded during study period from families of dicotyledons and monocotyledons. Faunal assessment studies were also conducted during study by primary field surveys and collected data from various sources like forest department and also from educational institutions. 07 species of mammals, 6 reptiles, 2 amphibians, 51 birds, 15 insects and 10 pisces were recorded during study area Socio-Economic Environment Introduction The Socio-economic Impact Assessment (SEIA) report deals with Silica Sand Mining project proposed to be set up in Chintavaram & Ballavolu Villages, Chillakur Mandal of Nellore District in the State of Andhra Pradesh. As per Government of India's Environment Impact 66 M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd.

97 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report Assessment Notification, 2006 the project is classified as a Category-Bl project requiring prior environmental clearance. The project proponents are M/s Kohinoor Minerals Silica Mines and Mrs. P. Devasena is resident of nearby Gudur town. Mrs. P. Devasena was granted a mining lease by the Government of Andhra Pradesh (GoAP) over an extent of Ha. in Survey Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411, 412, 413, 420 &421 of Chintavaram Village and Sy. No.: 496/1 Ballavolu Village in Chillakur Mandal of Nellore District for carrying out open cast mining of silica sand. The proposed site is located in the southeastern part of Nellore District forming part of the plains of the district towards the sea coast. The SEIA has been carried out in villages falling within the mandatory 10 km radius from the proposed project site. Thus a total of 74 villages and hamlets, spreading across three Mandals - Chillakur, Kota and Vakadu- constitute the study universe. Of these, only 2 villages fall within the 2 km radius while 20 villages in >2-5 km radius; 16 villages within> 5-7 km radius and 36 villages within > 7-10 km radius. The SEIA was carried out with the help of a judicious mix of secondary and primary research. While the macro level assessment of the baseline socio-economic environment in the area was made with the help of secondary data review, micro level socio-economic environment obtaining around the proposed project site was gathered through field surveys and conducting Focus Group Discussions (FGD) in five nearby villages with a cross-section of target group respondents to elicit their perceptions and expectations of the proposed project, and interviews of the local officials and opinion leaders to understand the major socio-economic challenges facing the area. The possible socio-economic impacts of the proposed project, as emerged from the field survey results, were thoroughly brainstormed by the study team before being validated trough discussions with key stakeholders and opinion leaders who are familiar with the study area. The key potential impacts zeroed-in thus were captured and presented in the report Project Impact Zone The proposed project site forms part of a silica sand belt earmarked by the Geology and Mining Department of the Government of Andhra Pradesh for mineral exploration and mining. Extending over Ha. The project site falls in Survey Nos.: 396, 397, 398, 410, 411, 412, 413, 420 & 421 of Chintavaram Village and Sy. No.: 496/1 Ballavolu Village in Chillakur Mandal of Nellore District in the State of Andhra Pradesh. 67 M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd.

98 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report Chillakur Mandal - situated in the southeastern part of the coastal Nellore district - is bounded by the Mandals of Manubolu (north); Venkatachalam (northeast); Kota (southeast); Vakadu (south); Ojili (southwest) and Gudur (northwest). The project site has access to National Highway-16 (Old No.5) from Chennai-Kolkata at a distance of about 30 km. Geographical Coverage The geographical coverage for SEIA of the project extends over a 10 km radial distance from the project site and comprises as many as 74 revenue villages and hamlets spread across two Mandals as detailed in Table 3.19 below. 68 M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd.

99 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report Table 3.19 Details of Villages Comprising Study Area M/s. KOHINOOR MINERALS DEMOGRAPHIC VITAL STATISTICS OF PROJECT AREA VILLAGESAS PER CENSUS Population S. No. Category/Village Villages within 2 Km Distance from the Site 1 Ballavolu 2 Chinthavaram Sub Total Villages in 2-5 Km Distance II from the Site 1 Ramareddipalem 2 PeddaAddepalli 3 Akutota 4 Cherukurupalem 5 Usikamdriga 6 Maremreddivaripalem 7 Kakuyaripalem 8 Idulavaripalem 9 Kovuruvaripalem 10 Mogiliguntapalem 11 Ippalpudi 12 Madavaram 13 Kanupuru 14 Yallapudi 15 Vaddekondriga 16 Yeruvupalem 17 Punuguntapalem 18 Ponnavolu 19 Yeruru 20 Addepalle Sub Total Villages in 5-7 Km Distance III from the Site 1 Yelladerapalem 2 Posinevaripalem 3 Manigunta 4 Raghavendharikandriga 5 Mamidi 6 Ankulapaturu 7 Udatavaripalem 8 Karlapudi No. of House holds SC ST Average Literacy (%) MAIN WORKERS Total Other House Workers than Agricultural hold Main & Cultivators household Labour Industry Marginal industry Workers Workers MARGINAL WORKERS House hold Industry Workers Other than Household Industry Workers Total Total Cultivators Agricultural Labour , , , , , , , Male Female Total , ,263 2, ,145 2,083 1,830 2,408 4, , ,191 2, , , , , , , , , ,450 1, , , , , , , ,212 2, , , , , , ,277 1, ,184 2, , , , I , M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd.

100 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report Momidi Valliedu Jorugumalli Govandlapalem Pallamala Thikkavaram Kommaravaripalem Nadaralavaripalem Sub Total Villages in 7-10 Km Distance III from the Site Chinnakattuvvapalli Vaviladaruvd Tadiguntacheruvu Yaminelingapalem Jorugumalli Tirumalammapalem Uvsavaripalem Mittapalem Chekalladibba ViswanadhapuraAgraharam Uvladibba Vallivedu Lingavaram Kokkupadu Uttaamanelluru Chinnagovindapalli TurpuKanupur Peddagovindapalli Nellorepalle Siddavaram Kothapatnam Uthamanellore Patlupalem Kokkupa Appishettitodulu Sarisettivaripalle Janginivandladibba Srinivasachalaram KalavaKonda Ravulavaripalem Gunnamadiya Kottapatnam Tigapalem Varagali Palleridibba Annambaka 1, , , , , , , ,698 1, , , , ,177 14,777 13,990 28,767 9,262 5, , , , , , , , , ,781 1, ,787 1, , ,568 3, ,432 1, , ,149 1, , ,066 1, , ,584 1,285 3, , ,215 2, , , , , , , , ,571 1,274 7, ,604 11, , , , , , ,904 1, , ,841 1, , ,129 1, , , M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd.

101 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report Sub Total 11,664 20,508 20,290 40,798 12,938 5,884 20,907 3,071 9, ,158 15, Grand Total 25,170 44,913 43,813 88,726 27,807 14,091 45,146 5,745 21, ,381 35, ,297 8, , , M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd.

102 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report Impact Zones Of the total 74 villages comprising the overall project impact zone,2 villages fall in the core impact zone (within2 km radial distance from the project site);20 villages fall in the buffer zone >2-5 km radius) and the remaining 52 villages in the peripheral zone (beyond 5 km and up to 10 km). Categorization of villages in the project impact zone by their location in various impact zones is presented in Table 3.20 as follows: Table 3.20 Categorization of Villages in Project Impact Area Sr. No Impact Zone Core Buffer Peripheral No. of Village Population (Census 2011) ,359 5,869 30,821 38,049 Total Thus, only 2 villages housing a mere 6% of the total population in the overall impact area fall in the core impact zone, while 20 villages accounting for 24% of the population fall in the buffer zone. In other words, a significant 70% of the population in the area inhabiting 52 villages falls in the peripheral zone. The SEIA study therefore lays emphasis on covering more villages and hamlets in the core and buffer zones vis-a-vis the peripheral zone Approach and Methodology Objectives The primary objectives of the socio-economic impact assessment are: - Understanding the baseline socio-economic environment obtaining in the impact zone. - Identifying the key stakeholders who are likely to be impacted by the establishment of the proposed project. - Assessing the positive and negative impacts of the project on the socio-economic environment in the area. - Suggesting mitigation measures to minimize the negative impacts Scope 73 M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd.

103 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report The scope of socio-economic impact assessment extends to: Assessing the baseline socio-economic environment prevailing in the impact area - focusing the core and buffer zones. - Identifying key economic sectors and major sources of livelihood in the study area. - Understanding social structures and lifestyles of people in the area who are likely to be affected the most. Assessing physical and social infrastructure facilities accessible to the project affected - people. Identifying heritage precincts and archaeological monuments, if any in the area which - may be affected by the proposed project. Predicting the likely socio-economic impacts as a consequence of establishing the - project. Suggesting adverse impact mitigation measures in line with the felt needs, aspirations - and expectations of the project affected people. Preparing an appropriate Socio-economic Environment Management Plan Coverage The geographical coverage for the socio-economic impact assessment extends to 74 villages located within the 10 km radius from the proposed site Approach The basic approach to carrying out the SEIA focused on: Zeroing-in on the project impact area, with the help of a topo map, covering all the Villages and other habitations falling within the mandatory 10 km radius from the project site. Collecting the basic information with respect to the villages in the project impact area in terms of census village code, name of the Mandai in which a particular village falls, number of households, population level ( as per Census 2011) and growth of village population during the last decade, distance from the proposed project site etc. Gathering macro socio-economic information, at Mandal level, with the help of secondary data. 74 M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd.

104 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report Identifying critical knowledge/information gaps which impede an objective and reliable assessment of the socio-economic impacts of the project Drawing a sampling frame and size specifying sample villages, number of households to be contacted for primary data/information collection and agencies to be contacted for eliciting information on various aspects relevant to the study. Finalisation of survey instruments, constitution of a survey team and orientation of field investigators. Carrying out field surveys in the sample villages. Processing, tabulation, analysis and interpretation of data to arrive at valid conclusions. Preparing and presenting SEIA report. Methodology The socio-economic impact assessment of the proposed project relied on a mix of both secondary and primary data collected from various sources. The SEIA was carried out in three different stages- Desk Research, Field Survey and Data Analysis and Report Preparation. The methodology adopted at each stage is explained in following Desk Research A fairly comprehensive desk research to understand the socio-economic setting in and around the project site was the first initiative towards carrying out the SEIA of the project. Accordingly, published and unpublished information available on the subject was referred, reviewed and critical information gaps identified by the SEIA team. The major documents and information sources extensively referred to are in Table 3.21: Table 3.21: Major documents & Information sources Source Document S. No. 1 Handbook of Statistics- Nellore District, 2011 Chief Planning Officer Nellore District 2 Census Provisional Population Tables for Nellore District and Andhra Pradesh Registrar General of India 3 Nellore District Industrial Profile 4 Brief industrial Profile of Nellore District District Industries Centre, Nellore MSME Development Institute, Hyderabad 75 M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd.

105 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report The desk research has enabled the study team to effectively leverage the macro level socioeconomic information available and identify information gaps at the village and household levels. It was during this stage, the key stakeholders were identified and study instruments finalized. The sampling frame for the study consisted of villages, households, local opinion leaders and officials. Random sampling technique was used for selecting the sample villages for the study. However, given the nature of the project, the selection of the potential impact villages was confined to the core and buffer zones of impact. Accordingly, the sample villages selected Chintavaram, Ballavolu, Ramreddipalli, Kakuyaripalem and Kanupur. On the conclusion of the desk research, a two member study team was constituted. The team members have had considerable exposure and experience in conducting large size socioeconomic research studies especially in Andhra Pradesh. They are well versed with the socioeconomic setting in the project area, and understood the local dialect. Field Surveys Planned, in-depth field surveys from 09th-14thFeb, 2017 constituted the most important element of the methodology. Field surveys helped collect fairly reliable primary data with respect to the major livelihood sources, family incomes and expenditure, education and health status, lifestyles, standard of living, basic amenities available, physical infrastructure conditions etc., in the project impact zone. Participatory Rapid Assessment (PRA) tools comprising Transect Walks, Focus Group Discussions, and Opinion Leader Interviews were used for collecting village level information. Accordingly, the study team carried out: - Transect walks around all the sample villages along with a few natives. - Carried out 4 Focus Group Discussions, participated by - 43 village residents comprising youth, farmers, petty businessmen and local opinion leaders to elicit information pertaining to their socio-economic conditions as also their awareness, expectations and apprehensions about the proposed project. - An expert interview was also conducted with the Secretary, Chintavaram Village Panchayat- a major village in proximity to the proposed project site - who has a holistic 76 M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd.

106 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report view of the socio-economic environment in the area and is aware of the key issues concerning the mining projects in the area. Data Analysis The secondary data and the impressionistic village level information gathered during field surveys was analysed mostly with the help of basic quantitative and qualitative analytical tools. The emerging results were validated through in-house brainstorming. The socio-economic impact of the proposed project was assessed in terms of its effects on: Livelihoods and incomes - Lifestyles and quality of life - Community infrastructure - physical and social - facilities available Baseline Socio-economic Environment Industrial development projects of any size will have impacts on people's way of life, their culture, community, health and wellbeing, their assets and livelihoods. The impacts could be both negative and positive. Socio-economic impact assessment seeks to identify such impacts and focus on the ways and means to minimize the incidence of negative impacts. It is therefore imperative to understand the baseline socio-economic scenario in the study area to systematically gauze the magnitude of possible impacts. The study team thus has captured a basic socio-economic profile of the area as presented in what follows Demographic Profile The sociological aspects of this study include human settlements, demography, and social strata such as Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes and literacy levels besides infrastructure facilities available in the study area. The economic aspects include occupational structure and income levels of workers. The key demographics of the study area comprising 74 villages are presented in Table 3.22: Table 3.22: Salient Features of Demographics in Study Area 77 M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd.

107 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report S. No. Demographic Parameter Data as per Census Total Population (No.) - Male - Female 88,726 44,913 43,813 2 SCs (No.) 27,807 3 STs (No.) 14,091 4 Average Literacy (%) 52.7% 5 Households (No.) 25,170 Salient Features Forms 1.3% of the district population Sex Ratio in the area is 956 compared to 985 for the district 100% of the population in the study area is rural population compared to 71.06% at the district level Considerably lower than the district average of 68.9% Accou ts for 1.1% of the total households in the district Occupational Distribution The impact study area has a total worker population of 21, % Main Workers and 34.3% Marginal Workers (Census, 2011). The occupational distribution points to the predominance of Agricultural Laborers (44.5%) followed by Cultivators (22.3%), Other than Household Industry Workers (21.0%) and Household Industry Workers (12.2%). Livelihoods Agriculture: Agriculture and allied activities are the mainstay of the local economy and predominant source of livelihood for the people. Groundnut is the principal commercial crop raised while maize and paddy are the food crops grown. Given the sandy soils and their poor fertility as also scanty ground and surface water resources, agriculture in the area is not very remunerative and is a subsistence activity. Raising casuarinas plantation is however fast catching up as a remunerative alternative in view of the steady demand for casuarinas poles by paper pulp manufacturers and construction industry. Farming is a mono cropping activity. As such, a fairly high degree of underemployment is prevalent in the farm sector. The younger generations in the area therefore are least 78 M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd.

108 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report interested in farming and increasingly look for more remunerative and skill based alternative livelihoods. Agriculture allied activities such as goat rearing are other complementary sources of income to the households. Engagement of women in these activities is more common. Industry: Industrial growth in the area is confined to silica sand mining. The nearby Krishnapatnam town known for its sea port, thermal power plants and aqua fanning projects around is the lone centre for organised industry and the single major source of nonfarm employment to a large number of youth. Some persons from the study area are reportedly are employed in these industrial units and earn livelihood. Besides, a relatively small number of micro enterprises engaged in kirana, wayside restaurants (dhabas), Xerox and stationery shops and other small businesses are other common sources of livelihood. The younger generations in the area are increasingly inclined towards pursuing higher education and vocational courses, and securing secondary and te1iiary sector employment. Only less than 5% of them are keen to explore self-employment through establishment of micro enterprises in manufacturing and servicing segments. Lifestyles: No reliable information/data are available, either at the district or mandal levels, on the lifestyles of people. As such, it will be very difficult to assess the lifestyles in the area with reasonable accuracy. However, based on an impressionistic assessment during the field surveys, it is felt that a majority of the population in the area owns a residence to live in. They have access to basic amenities such as drinking water, electric power and education. A majority of the people in the area also have access to a mobile phone and a cable TV connection. Gathering and interaction among the people at the village "rachhabanda" is common on a dayto-day basis. The interaction among villagers is generally higher during festivities, household functions and cultural events. Participation in marriages and mourning is reported to be more common among homogenous social strata. The most common sources of recreation for the villagers are watching TV and playing outdoor games in the open agricultural fields (during agriculture off season). 79 M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd.

109 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report Physical Infrastructure: All the villages and hamlets in the study area are electrified. About 90% of the villages in the area have access to potable water supply operated and maintained by the Government under Rural Water Supply scheme. However, the road conditions are far less satisfactory. Barring Chintavaram, other villages in the area do not have all weather roads. Only fair-weather mud roads connect them together. APSRTC buses are the major mode of passenger transportation. Shared auto rickshaws and mini vans are the other modes of transport noticed in the area. During rainy season it is generally difficult to reach the interior villages. Social Infrastructure: A network of primary and upper primary schools exists in the area. A few privately managed educational institutions also exist for higher education. Archaeological Monuments: No archaeological monuments and heritage precincts were noticed in the study area that may be adversely affected by the establishment of the proposed project. A well-developed "Mutyalamma" temple exists at Kanupur East village which reportedly attracts 1-2 lakh devotees every year from different places across A.P and the neighboring Tamilnadu. Key Field Survey Observations: Sources of Livelihood: Subsistence farming, goat rearing and raising casuarinas plantation are the predominant source of livelihood in the sample villages. Besides, wage employment in the organized industry around Krishnapatnam and self-employment through small time businesses are the other sources of livelihood % of the marginal farmers and their family members in the sample villages engage themselves as contract labour in the silica sand mining firms around and works under MNREGS for livelihood during agriculture offseason. Family Incomes: The family incomes of the sample respondents reportedly vary from Rs pm on an average. But sustainability of incomes is very low considering the vagaries of weather and serious variations in farm yields. Only incomes from casuarinas plantation seem to be more sustainable Family Expenditures: Family expenditures of the respondents reported to range from Rs p.m. The expenditure pattern points to that about 35% of the overall family expenditure goes for food; 80 M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd.

110 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report 25% for clothing and grooming; 15% for education; 10% for healthcare and 15% on housing, recreation and other needs. Health Status: The incidence of chronic and lifestyle diseases such as asthma, diabetes and hypertension is minimal with only less than 10% of the respondents reporting. Aspirations and Apprehensions: As revealed during focus group discussions, all the respondents are aware of the silica sand mining projects operating in the area. While they acknowledge that they contribute positively to ease the underemployment in the farming sector, they are wary of the negative impact on the groundwater levels and free runoff of surface water during monsoon. The perceptions of the respondents as regards the establishment of silica sand mining projects in the area could be summarized as follows: o 100% of the respondents feel it would generate gainful employment for some of the locals as unskilled workers especially during agriculture offseason. o 75% of the respondents feel it would help enhance income levels for some through the development of secondary and tertiary sector small business opportunities. o 25% of the respondents feel it would help strengthen physical infrastructure, especially roads in the area. o 95% of the respondents feel it would adversely impact farming in the area as rain water gets stagnated in the mining pits and does not flow to the agricultural fields. o 50% of the respondents feel dust pollution may also lead to respiratory disorders of the natives Predicted Impacts The socio-economic impacts of the proposed project could be assessed in terms of demand supply aspects for goods and services in the area, pressure on natural resources and infrastructure, growth of industry, sustainability of livelihoods and employment. Some indirect impacts can also be understood in terms of public health and safety, preserving local culture and aesthetics of the archaeological monuments and heritage precincts. Based on a close understanding and assessment, the socio-economic impacts of M/s. Kohinoor Minerals Silica Mining project are predicted as follows in Table 3.23: Table 3.23: Socio-economic Impacts of Project 81 M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd.

111 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report Positive Impacts Negative Impacts i. No loss of private agricultural land and i. consequential livelihoods, as the proposed site forms part of Government land and is earmarked for silica sand mining. Presently no cultivation takes in and around. Air pollution through release of quarry dust leading to possible incidence of respiratory diseases, irritation of eyes and nose etc., for people living in the core impact zone. ii. No fear of obstructing rainwater runoff ii. to agricultural fields as the proposed site lies at a lower level compared to the agricultural lands at a distance of 1.5 km from the nearest village. iii. Possible adverse impact on crop productivity as a result of quarry dust settling on crops m the vicinity. iii. Creation of employment opportunities for about 100 local semi- skilled and unskilled workers. iv. Multiplier effect due to induced growth during project operation phase in downstream activities creating indirect employment to about 50 persons. Increased heavy vehicular traffic damaging the already weak road network and resulting in increased incidence of road accidents. iv. Danger of possible drowning of human beings and cattle in the abandoned mine pits inundated by rain water. v. Strengthening of arterial road network Mitigation Measures M/s. Kohinoor Minerals Silica Mines would be required to initiate to the following measures to minimize the possible negative impacts of their proposed silica mining project village on the surrounding socio - economic environment. - Limit mining to the stipulated 1.5 meters depth and effectively barricade the mine pits to avoid any possible accidents. - Fencing the mine site and developing extensive greenbelt around. - Initiate appropriate dust control measures to check air pollution. 82 M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd.

112 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report - Organise monthly health camps in the area to check the occurrence of any respiratory and other disorders. - Creating maximum employment opportunities to the local population. - Nature vocational skills and entrepreneurial talents of local youth in complimentary small business Environment Management Plan A suggestive plan for developing in the socio economic environment in the project impact area together with indicates budget for a five year period is presented in Table 3.24 as below: Table 3.24: Suggestive Plan for developing Socio-economic Environment Year wise Budgets (Rs. Lakhs) Activity Total 1.Health Camps Vocational Skill Development Programmes Entrepreneurship Camps Total The project proponents may leverage the relative Government schemes of assistance for entrepreneurship development and vocational skill development for effectively augmenting requisite funds for implementing its socio -economic environment management plan. Table 3.25: List of Group Participants in Sample Villages S. No. I Sample Village Name of Focus Group Participant Chintavaram K. Nagamanaiah K. Venkataramaniah G. Subrahmanyam N. Srinivasulu M Yungandar G Satish N Venkatasubbaiah G Nagayya G Nagamanaiah N Vajramma 83 M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd.

113 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report II III IV V N Ramalakshman T Tirupalem N Vijayamma Galaiah Komaravaripalem R Yedukondulu G Krishnaiah J Nagaraju G Muthyalau P Venkaiah R Ramachandrudu J Mutyalayya R Venkatramayya Ballavolu ` V. Srinivasulu T. Sankaraiah M. Manikanta ChMadhusudhanRao ChMurali S Munindra T Venkatasubbaiah K Munisekhar V Venugopal R Siddaiah ChSubramanyam D Gangaiah V Venkateswarlu Ch Chandrasekhar K VeeraRaghavulu ChVenkateswarlu B Veenaiah B Krishna Kanupur East A Venkatramayya G Nagaiah K Srinivasulu Kottapalem M Ashok Kumar J. Munindra Nagayya Y Venu Scope The scope of socio-economic assessment extends to: 84 M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd.

114 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report Assessing the baseline socio-economic environment prevailing in the impact area focusing the core and buffer zones. Identifying key economic sectors and major sources of livelihood in the study area. Understanding social structures and lifestyles of people in the area who are likely to be affected the most. Assessing physical and social infrastructure facilities accessible to the project affected people. Identifying heritage precinct and archeological monuments, if any in the area which may be affected by the proposed project Predicting the likely socio-economic impacts as consequence of establishing the project. Suggesting adverse impact mitigation measures in line with the felt needs, aspirations and expectations of the project affected people. Preparing an appropriate Socio-economic Environment Management Plan Solid Waste and Hazardous Waste No solid waste and Hazardous waste will be generating from the mining activity Risk Assessment There is no risk involved in the project. ******* 85 M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd.

115 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,420,421 & Of Chintavaram & 496/1 of Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report CHAPTER 4 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND MITIGATION MEASURES 4.0 INTRODUCTION Opencast mining activity causes some adverse impacts on the surrounding environment unless proper environmental management plan is adopted. Adopting all the guidelines prescribed by the Ministry of Environment and Forests minimize the major possible impacts. In this chapter, an attempt has been made to quantify the possible environmental impacts on various features such as air, water, land and socioeconomic factors. The magnitude and significance of the environmental pollution caused by mining depends on method of mining, scale and concentration of mining activity. This chapter deals with the impacts arising out of the silica sand mining of 2,01,975 TPA. 4.1 Air Environment Anticipated Impacts The air borne particulate matter is the main air pollutant contributed by opencast mining. The impact on air quality due to production of about 2,01,975 TPA is limited to the mining lease area. The mine is free from overburden and hence no developmental works to expose the mineral are involved. The silica sand is loose mineral, therefore the mining of silica sand mainly involves digging, scooping, spreading, screening, collecting in basket and loading into trucks. The impact zone of sand mining is mainly within the mining lease area. The sand produced from the mine is of higher grain size and will not result into air borne dust. The dust generation during the loading operations will be nil. The major dust emission is from transportation. The baseline Ambient Air quality values monitored during Winter season reflects the emissions in the area. On an average the vehicles plying from the mine are about 4vehicles per hour. The impact due to transport of material has been considered to estimate the contribution of dust levels to the existing ambient air quality by the mine. Mining is carried out in pits and for the purpose of estimation of ground level concentration simultaneous working of 5 pits have been considered. An attempt has been made to know the emission rate from each of the above operation of the mining activity taking into account the total material handling of 2,01,975 t/annum. Resultant ground level concentrations for the prevailing meteorological conditions using the M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd. 86

116 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,420,421 & Of Chintavaram & 496/1 of Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report mathematical model were estimated. The impact on air quality due to production of about 2,01,975 TPA is limited to the mining lease area. The mine is free from overburden and hence no developmental works to expose the mineral are involved. The silica sand is loose mineral, Therefore the mining of silica sand mainly involves digging, scooping, spreading, screening, collecting in basket and loading into trucks Air Emissions The major dust emission is from transportation. The baseline Ambient Air quality values monitored during winter season reflects the emissions in the area. On an average the vehicles playing from the mine area about 4 vehicles per hour. The impact due to transport of material has been considered to estimate the contribution of dust levels to the existing ambient air quality by the mine. Mining is carried out in pits and for the purpose of estimation of ground level concentration simultaneous working of 5 Pits have been considered. An attempt has been made to know the emission rate from each of the above operation of the mining activity taking into account the total material handling of 2,01,975 TPA/Annum. Resultant ground level concentrations for the prevailing metrological conditions using the mathematical model were estimated. Emission of PM10 from Mining area The emission rates for the different sources in the mining area were calculated primarily based on emission factor equation given in latest USEPA s AP-42 guidelines. Further the emission estimation equations given in TSP Emission Factors for different mining activities for Air Quality Impact Prediction as collated from different Sources by S P Banerjee& CMRI were also considered since these are based on the study conducted in India for the estimation of emission rate of respirable suspended particulate matter from various open cast mining activities. In addition, as the proposed mine development will be undertaken in environmentally friendly manner as per the stipulated guidelines, activity specific control factors are considered in calculation the emission rates. Loading / Unloading of Material 𝐸 = 𝑘𝑋. Where, 6𝑋 𝑈. 𝑀.. M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd. --- AP42 (Nov 2006) 87

117 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,420,421 & Of Chintavaram & 496/1 of Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report E = Emission Factor, kg/ton k = Particle size multiplier, 0.35 for PM10 M = Moisture Content, % u = Mean wind speed, m/s Transportation Unpaved in mines E = 2.82 (s/12)0.8 (W/3)0.5 (M/0.2)-0.4 kg/vkt AP 42 (1998) S13.2.2, EET p12 Where s = silt content, % W = vehicle gross weight, t M = moisture content in % VKT = Vehicle kilometers traveled Summary of calculated Emission Rates S. N. Mine 1 mine Table 4.1: Emissions Rates Details Emission Rate (g/s/m2) Loading Haul Road E-06 Meteorological Data The meteorological data recorded continuously during the months of winter on hourly basis on wind speed, wind direction and temperature has been processed to extract the 24-hourly. Incremental Rise in Concentrations Incremental rise in concentrations due to various mining activities in the present case, a model simulation was carried out for study period for incremental rise of ground level concentration (GLC). The maximum incremental rise of ground level concentration (GLC) for Particulate matter generated from the different activities in the mining areas is carried out. The predicted 24 hourly maximum concentrations for silica sand mining activity like loading/transportation, was found to be 4.1 μg/m3 SE directions and depicted in Table 4.2. Table 4.2: Incremental Rise in Concentration (GLCs) of Particulate Matter S. N. 1. Activity in the Quarry Maximum Incremental GLCs ( g/m3) at core area Direction Loading and Transportation 4.1 SE M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd. 88

118 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,420,421 & Of Chintavaram & 496/1 of Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report Conclusion From the results of ISCST3 model, it is concluded the cumulative worst case concentration of Particulate matter due to mining activities are complying with the national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS 2009). The concentrations of SO2 and NOx generated from mining area expected to be low due to absence of any major source. It should be noted that the predicted concentrations are due to mining area due to simultaneous operations of mines. The overall impact on air quality due to proposed mining project is expected to be low. However, to further minimize the pollutant concentration specially Particulate matter, the following control measure should be adopted by the project proponent Water spray on approach roads to avoid dust generation during transportation. Water spray at truck loading and un-loading of materials Covering of material when transport through trucks/dumper Impact of Traffic on Air Quality After implementation of proposed project, there will be slight increase in traffic flow on road due to movement of trucks carrying silica sand. The extent of these impacts, at any given time, will depend upon (i) the rate of vehicular emission within a given stretch of the road and (ii) the prevailing meteorological conditions. The impacts will have strong temporal dependence as both of these factors vary with time. The air quality predictions have been carried out by using the air quality model CALINE-4 developed by California Department of Transportation. The model is based on Gaussian diffusion equation and uses a mixing zone concept to characterize pollutant dispersion over the roadway. The model has been extensively tested for its predictive capability for traffic related air quality impacts. Given the source strength, meteorology, site geometry and site characteristics, the model can reliably predict pollutant concentrations for receptors located within 150m of the roadway, the most important region for estimating the impacts due to the low elevation emissions. The long term variations in air quality scenarios during the project life are expected due to the change in traffic on the road with time. The existing and the predicted traffic volumes have been considered to project future air quality scenarios to provide an indication of variations in air quality. M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd. 89

119 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,420,421 & Of Chintavaram & 496/1 of Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report To account for the effect of the diurnal variations in model inputs (vehicular emissions and meteorological conditions), the averaging time for model predictions has been restricted to 60 minutes. The averaging time is so selected because the primary meteorological factors that influence the air quality predictions i.e. wind speeds and directions do not remain steady for longer time periods. Also, during the peak traffic hours, the traffic volumes typically show significant variations over periods longer than one hour. Due to averaging time of 60 minutes, the project impacts on air quality are essentially assessed based on one hourly standard for CO levels. Proposed Traffic The location of the Mine site is in between Yeruru and Momidi. At present, Road is a Single lane (one way) road & Right of Way measures 7.5m. Single way traffic exists along this road; shoulders of 3m are present on either the road is a single lane (one way) road, carries all classes of vehicles along the road including Two Wheelers, Three Wheelers, Four Wheelers, Buses / Lorries and Heavy vehicles. The additional traffic due to silica sand mine will be 48 trucks per day. Emission Factors The emission standards for Indian vehicles as proposed by the Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP) have been used to provide the emission factors for the different vehicle types. Emission factors after accounting for the vehicle speeds are as specified below in Table 4.3: Table 4.3: Emission Factors after Accounting the Vehicle Speeds All values are in gm/km/vehicle* Trucks/Buses CO Cars CO 2.72 Two & Three Wheelers CO 4.0 Note: To be multiplied by 1.6 for converting into gm/mile for use in CALINE4. Details of Road For model computations Right of Way (ROW) of 20m has been considered for perusal of violations of standards and accordingly receptor locations have been chosen to account for its location with respect to edge of ROW. Results and Discussions for Traffic Impact The general observation reveals that the maximum concentration occurs at 20 m from the edge of the road, and the incremental concentration is about 0.74 mg/m3 for CO which is well within the permissible limit. M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd. 90

120 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,420,421 & Of Chintavaram & 496/1 of Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report 4.2 Impact of Noise / Vibrations and Mitigation Measures Impact of Noise on Working Environment Noise levels in the area are due to vehicular movement only. The mining activity will not generate any noise as no drilling or blasting or use of heavy machinery is involved Noise Abatement and Control No major impact of the mining activity on the vicinity is envisaged. However, pronounced effect of noise levels (generated by vehicular operations) is felt only near the active working area and on the personnel working in the vicinity. The following noise abatement measurements are proposed for implementation during operational phase: Proper and regular maintenance of vehicles, machinery and other equipment. The workers employed will be provided with protection equipment, earmuffs and earplugs, as a protection from the high noise level generated at the mine site wherever required. Speed of trucks entering or leaving the mine will be limited to moderate speed of 25 kmph to prevent undue noise from empty trucks. M/s. Kohinoor Minerals will develop greenbelt in 7.5 m width barrier zone all around the mine boundary to contain the work zone noise levels around the mine to some extent. M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd. 91

121 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,420,421 & Of Chintavaram & 496/1 of Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report 4.3 Impact on Water Environment and Mitigation Measures Impact on Surface Water One Spring Channel is existed in mine lease area on Southern side. M/s. Kohinoor Minerals will leave a barrier of 50 m on either side of the channel as undisturbed zone to prevent any contamination or siltation of the spring channel. Either side area of Spring channel within 50 m safety zone will be maintained as a No Mining Zone in ML area. Since silica is inert, there shall not be any change in the chemical quality. But there may be slight increase in the turbidity of water. During the rain, the water accumulated in the mine pits will be stored in the mine itself which soaks into the ground. Besides, there will be no toxic element in the mined out material, which may contaminate ground/surface water. It is, therefore, there will be no major impact of mining on the surface water regime by silica sand mining Impact on Ground Water The water table in this region is at a depth of 5 to 6 m below ground level. The water level observed at ML area is at a depth of 3.5 m below ground level. Hence, mining is confined to 2.5 m below the ground level to maintain the safety barrier of 1 m above the water level. The depth of excavation in permissible mining area shall in no case exceed 2.5 m from stay level in Minus-Z direction. Proper care will be taken to scoop the mineral from 2.5 m above the Safety Zone of water table. No chemical having toxic elements will be used for carrying out mining activity. Also, silica sand does not contain any kind of toxic element which can contaminate the water. Hence, project will not be any adverse effect on ground water in and around the ML area Waste Water Generation The wastewater generation from the above consumption will be mainly from domestic consumption 1.0KLD. The wastewater generated from the domestic front will be mainly from toilet. This water will be treated in septic tank followed by Soak pit. 4.4 Impact of Soil and Land Use Pattern and Mitigation Measures There is no top soil generation in this five years plan period. No major impact on soil of the study area is envisaged due to mining activities as Proper mitigation measures will be adopted to control dust emission by water sprinkling. M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd. 92

122 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,420,421 & Of Chintavaram & 496/1 of Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report There will be no outside discharge from mining lease area. There is no toxic element present in the mineral which may contaminate the soil. 4.5 Landscape and Land Use Pattern The proposed mine lease area is ha which is a Government waste land. The mining lease area is on part of the sandy zone with sparse vegetation small bushes from the vegetal cover. The silica sand deposit is occupying entire mining lease area. Hence, no adverse impact on land use of the study area. Five year Land Use Pattern of the mine lease area is as below in Table 4.4. Table: 4.4 Land Use Pattern for five years. S. No. 1 Particulars Area will be under excavation m Wide Safety Zone Dumps (Existing)/ Stack Yards Mineral Stacking Road Total area to be utilized Others(Area for future use) Total land use pattern for 5 years (Ha) Broken 6.10 To be broken Reference: Approved Mining Plan Impact of Change of Land Use Land degraded by pits own an area of m2 as follow the land degraded by mean of dumps own an area of 8874 m2 of the ML area. These pits will be the store houses of fresh water and will serve as reservoirs and when the tidal is severe they may get filled eventually. The following practice will be adopted in our CSR action plan to increase the productivity of the study area: Mining activity will be confined to the mineralized zone and proper pollution control measures will be adopted to restrict the pollution load within the active zone in order to prevent any negative impact on nearby surroundings. Therefore, there will be no adverse impact envisaged in the study area. M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd. 93

123 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,420,421 & Of Chintavaram & 496/1 of Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report 4.6 Socio-Economic Environment Impact on Socio-Economic Environment The socio-economic impacts af the proposed project could be assessed in terms of demand supply aspects for good and services in the area, pressure on natural resources and infrastructure, grouth of industry, sustainability of livelihoods and employment. Some indirect impacts can also be understood in terms of public health and safety, preserving local culture and aesthetics of the archaeological monuments and heritage precincts. Based on a close understanding and assesment, the socio-economic impacts of the proposed project predicted as follows in Table 4.5 : Table 4.5: Socio-Economic Impacts Prediction of the Proposed Project Positive Impacts Negitive Impacts i) There is no loss of land and consequential livelihoods, as no land acquistion is contemplated. The proposed site forms part of Govt. waste land. i) Air pollution through release of fugitive dust during mining process leading to possible incidence of respiratory diseases, irrigation of eyes and noe etc., for people living in the core impact zone. ii) Creation of employment opportinities for ii) Possible adverse impact on crop about 40 local skilled and semi-killed productivety as a result of fugitive dust workers during project construction and setting on plants in the vicinity. operation phases. iii) Multiplier effect due to induced iii) Increased influx of people,quarry growth during contruction and equipment and tranport vehicles operational phaes in downstream and putting pressure on the already upstream project activites for about underdeveloped road network in the 100 persons majority of them local vivinity. women and youth. iv) Development/upgradation of vocational and soft skills of about 100 local youth over next five years thus enhancing their empliyability. v) Emergence of local enterpreneur in complementary activites such as small business transporation,equipment repairs and maintence etc. vi) Strengthening of pyical infrastructure M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd. 94

124 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,420,421 & Of Chintavaram & 496/1 of Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report such as roads and power network. There are no heritage precincts and archaeological monuments in the project site vicinity that would be adversely impacted by the proposed mining project Mitigation of Adverse Impacts The project proponent would be required to initate the following measures to minimize the possible negative impacts, as a conswquence of setting up his proposed mining project at Chinthavaram Village in SPSR Nellore District, on the surrounding socio-economic environment: Install appropritate dust control equipment to check air pollution. Organise monthly health camps in the area to check the incidence of any respiratory and other related disorders. Organisinig vocational and soft skills development programmes for the youth to enhance their employability. Conduct Enterpreneurship Development Camps to nature enterpreneurial talents amoung the local youth. 4.7 Occupational Health and Safety Occupational health and safety (OHS) is a cross-disciplinary area concerned with protecting the safety, health and welfare of people engaged in work or employment. Occupational Health Hazards at Mine Site Excessive dust, noise and vibration are the chief health hazards for the miners, some examples of such hazardous are: Exposure to dust Noise exposure Vehicular movements Physical Hazardous A. Exposure to Dust Exposure to fine particulates is associated with work in most of the dust generating stages from digging, scooping, excavating and transportation. Workers with long term exposure to fine particulate dust are at risk of pneumoconiosis, emphysema, bronchitis and fibrosis. M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd. 95

125 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,420,421 & Of Chintavaram & 496/1 of Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report Methods to prevent and control exposure to dust include the following Control of dust through water spraying Use of PPE, as appropriate (Eg. masks and respirators) to address residual exposures. B. Physical Hazardous Injuries during project operation are typically related to slips and falls: contact with falling/ moving objects and lifting/ over-exertion. Other injuries may occur due to contact with or capture in, moving machinery (e.g. trucks). Implementation of Occupational Health and Safety Measures Occupational Health and Safety Measures result in improving the conditions under which workers are employed and work. It improves not only their physical efficiency, but also provides protection to their life and limb. Management will consider the following safety measures. Inspection and maintenance of equipments and accessories Pre placement and periodic health checkup Removal of unsafe conditions and prevention of unsafe acts To provide standard PPEs and ensure its uses Medical facilities and first aid boxes will be established in the mine premises. Besides, following points are also taken care of during mine operation for assuring safety of workers; Health awareness programmes and camps will be organized The mine workers will be provided all necessary PPE, especially dust masks for their safe guard from dust, ear plugs/ear muffs for noise, safety boots, helmets etc. and measures for other hazards. The employees when inducted for employment will be thoroughly examined medically. After initial medical examination, the employees will continue to be examined periodically. 4.8 Impact on Biological Environment No wildlife sanctuary or national park or biosphere reserves are located within the study area. Proposed mining project will cause loss of existing natural vegetation (in the form of shrubs, grasses) in the ML area. Hence, there will be some impact on biological environment due to the mining activity; around 200 saplings will be planted within ML area till the 5th year of mine. M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd. 96

126 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,420,421 & Of Chintavaram & 496/1 of Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report Impact on Wildlife There is no National Park, Wildlife Sanctuary, Biosphere Reserve, Wildlife corridors and Tiger/Elephant Reserve found within 10 km radius of the project site. Reserved forests found within 10 km radius of the mine site are Momidi RF (1.25 Km N), Kottapatnam RF (4.88 Km E), Udavaripalem RF (4.91 Km SW) and Vallipadu RF (6.38 Km SW).Adequate measures will be adopted to restrict emissions within the lease periphery to ensure no adverse impact on forest environment in the study area. Therefore, mining will not cause problem to the existing reserve forest Impact on Flora No adverse impact is envisaged on the existing flora, as there will be no deforestation by mining operation. Plantation will be developed in the mining lease area as per plantation programme. These activities help to improve the floral cover of the area. The greenery and plantation development will eventually attract micro fauna, birds etc., in the area. Assistance will be taken from local forest department in selection of species of plants so that green coverage could improve very fast. The varieties would include those plants, which are suitable in the area Impact on Fauna The mining lease area is in non-forest land. No endangered species of fauna is found in and around lease area. As such there will be no adverse impact of the mining activity on fauna around the mining lease area Measures for Minimizing Impact on Fauna Following measures will be adopted to minimize the impact of mining on faunal environment of the area. Measures will be taken to curb pollution due to air, water, land and noise environment. Greenery development will help in creating habitats for local faunal species and to create better environment for various fauna. Creating and developing awareness for nature and wildlife in the adjoining villages. M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd. 97

127 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,420,421 & Of Chintavaram & 496/1 of Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report Measures for Minimizing Impact on Flora Green Belt Development The proposed green belt in the lease area will be designed taking into consideration the availability of area as the efficiency of green belt in pollution control mainly depend on width of green belt, distance from pollution sources, site of the habitat from working place and tree height and density. By considering the above aspects due care will be taken for selecting suitable characteristics plant species as those fast growing and evergreen trees, trees with large leaf area. Locally suitable plant species those resistant to specific pollutant and those which would maintain the regional ecological balance, soil and hydrological conditions. Year-wise plantation program is given below in Table 4.6: Table: 4.6: Stage Wise Cumulative Plantation Period 1 Year Within Lease area in Ha 0.01 Proposed Plantation in No s 50 2 Year Year Year Total Location 7.5 m safety zone of mine lease area 7.5 m safety zone of mine lease area 7.5 m safety zone of mine lease area 7.5 m safety zone of mine lease area --- ******* M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd. 98

128 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,420,421 & Of Chintavaram & 496/1 of Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report CHAPTER 5 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES (TECHNOLOGY & SITE) 5.0 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES (TECHNOLOGY & SITE) 5.1 Analysis of Alternatives Technology M/s. Kohinoor Minerals is adopting manual open cast method of mining. This method mainly involves digging, scooping, spreading, screening, collecting in basket and loading into trucks. No alternative sites are suggested as the proposed project is site specific as per the occurrence of material. M/s. Kohinoor Minerals, Mine is using eco-friendly measures to minimize the impact of mining on the surrounding environment. 5.2 Analysis of Alternatives Site No alternate sites are selected as the deposit is found within the mine area. ******* M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd. 99

129 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,420,421 & Of Chintavaram & 496/1 of Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report CHAPTER 6 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN 6.0 INTRODUCTION Post project Monitoring is an essential part to check the impact of projects related activity. Hence monitoring of various environmental parameters will be carried out on a regular basis to ascertain the following. Status of Pollution within the mine site and in its vicinity. Generate data for predictive or corrective purpose in respect of pollution. Examine the efficiency of pollution control system adopted at site. To assess environmental impacts. Monitoring will be carried out at site as per the norms of CPCB. Environmental Monitoring Programme will be conducted for various environmental components as per conditions stipulated in Environmental Clearance Letter issued by MoEF&CC and consent to operate issued by SPCB. Six monthly compliance reports will be submitted to MoEF&CC, regional office on 1 st of June and 1st of December. Quarterly compliance Report for conditions stipulated in Consent to Operate will be submitted to SPCB on regular basis. 6.1 Environmental Management Cell In order to maintain the environmental quality within the stipulated standard, regular monitoring of various environmental component is necessary which will complied as per condition for this an Environmental Management team be constituted. The Company EHS policy is attached as Annexure Hierarchical System Apart from having an EMP, it is also necessary to have a permanent organizational set up charged with the task of ensuring its effective implementation. We will undertake to monitor the environmental pollution levels by measuring ambient air quality, water and effluent quality, noise levels etc. by appointing external agencies. We will ensure that the pollution is limited to allowable values and to take corrective action if required. M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd. 100

130 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,420,421 & Of Chintavaram & 496/1 of Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report In case the monitored results of environmental pollution are found to exceed the allowable values, the Environmental Management Cell will suggest remedial action and get these suggestions implemented through the concerned Departments. The Environmental Management cell will also coordinate all the related activities such as collection of statistics of health of workers and population of the region, afforestation and green belt development. The proposed organizational chart for environmental management is given in Figure 6.1. Figure 6.1: Organizational Chart Environmental Management Cell Chief Executive officer Env. Officer (M.Sc. Env) )).Sc) Geologist /Mines Manager/Assi.M.M Monitoring of Air, Noise, Soil and Water Environmental Policy of the Company Kohinoor Minerals has declared its environmental policy with focus on adoption of clean and green technology in all its operations to protect the environment Environmental Management Cell An Environmental Management Cell (EMC) will be established for the proposed mining activity. The EMC will be headed by Chief Executive Officer and Environmental Officer having adequate qualification and experience in the field of environmental management. The structure of EMC is given in Figure 6.1. The responsibilities of EMC will be as follows: 1. Implementation of pollution control measures as suggested in Environmental Management Plan and recommended in Environmental Clearance (EC). M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd. 101

131 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,420,421 & Of Chintavaram & 496/1 of Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report 2. Conducting environmental monitoring as per EMP and EC stipulation through external laboratories approved by MoEF&CC/SPCB and NABL 3. Ensuring compliance with other conditions stipulated in Environmental Clearance for the project. 4. Ensuring compliance with the conditions stipulated in Consent to Operate' for the project. 5. Timely submission of compliance status to MoEF&CC /SPCB 6. Seeking experts guidance, as and when required. 7. Conducting CSR activities in nearby villages Audit & Review Review and audit is essentially a management tool. However, its application is crucial at the operational level for verification and feedback on the effectiveness of organization system and environmental performance. Basically, auditing involves in the following items: Line management system Awareness and training Procedures: standards, targets Plans: Waste, contingency, pollution control compliance Verify environmental impact assessment Verify mitigation Reporting and communication Documentation Feedback Internal Audit A system of HSE auditing will be undertaken during operation and includes the use of trained internal and external auditors. In addition, auditing should be undertaken to ensure compliance with all the applicable legislations. Audit Type Frequency Internal: - From other site in-charge every 6 months External - independent expert every 12 months The company shall depute internal / external auditors who are trained and certified as competent EMS auditors by an independent and external standard organization. The results M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd. 102

132 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,420,421 & Of Chintavaram & 496/1 of Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report of monitoring and auditing shall be regularly reported through the senior management team to ensure that action items are addressed Non-conformity, Corrective Action and Preventive Action As per the Environmental Policy of the company, non-conformities, corrective actions and preventive actions shall be managed in accordance with Non-conformance, Preventive and Corrective Action Procedure. This procedure, which relates to all projects of the company, details the processes to be utilized with respect to the identification of non-conformances, the application of appropriate corrective actions(s) to address non-conformances and the establishment of preventive actions to avoid non-conformances. The key elements of the process include: Identification of Non-conformance and /or Non-compliance Recording of Non-conformance and/or Non-compliance Evaluation of the Non-conformance and/or Non-compliance to determine specific corrective and preventive actions Corrective and preventive actions to be assigned to responsible persons and Management Review of corrective actions to ensure the status and effectiveness of the actions 6.1.6Management Review A comprehensive review of the objectives and targets associated with the individual project of the company shall be undertaken on an annual basis via the business planning (1 year outlook) and business strategy (5 year outlook) processes. These reviews, which include involvement from the senior site management and other key personnel, assess the performance of the plant over the previous year and develop goals and targets for the following period. 6.2 Monitoring Schedule and Parameters To evaluate the effectiveness of environmental management programme, regular monitoring of the important environment parameters will be taken up Methodology Adopted Post project monitoring will be carried out as per conditions stipulated in environmental clearance letter issued by MoEF&CC, consent issued by SPCB as well as according to CPCB guidelines. The project site is considered as core zone and the area lying within 10 km radius M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd. 103

133 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,420,421 & Of Chintavaram & 496/1 of Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report from the mine site is considered as buffer zone, where some impacts may be observed on physical and biological environment. In the buffer zone, slight impact may be observed and that too is occasional, table below showing the details of Post Project Monitoring programme. Table 6.1: Post Project Monitoring Programme Attributes A. Air Environment Meteorological Wind direction Wind speed Dry bulb temperature Wet bulb temperature Relative Humidity Rainfall Pollutants PM10 PM2.5 SO2 Sampling Network Minimum 1 site in the project impact area 4 locations in the project impact area (Minimum 2 locations in upwind side, 2 sites in downwind side / impact zone) Frequency Regularly in one season by Weather Monitoring Station Once in season. NO2 B. Water Environment ph, Turbidity, Set of grab Colour, Odour, samples Taste, during pre TDS, Total and post Hardness, Calcium monsoon M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd. Measurement Method Mechanical/auto matic weather station - a Gravimetric method Gravimetric method EPA Modified West & Geake method Arsenite modified Jacob &Hochheiser Diurnal and Season wise Test Procedure Absorption in Potassium Tetra Chloromercurate followed by Colorimetric estimation using PRosaniline hydrochloride and Formaldehyde (IS: 5182 Part - II). Absorption in dil. NaOH and then estimated colorimetrically with sulphanilamide and N (I-Nepthyle) Ethylene diamine Dihydrochloride and Hydrogen Peroxide (CPCB Method). As per IS Samples for water 2012 quality should be collected and analyzed as per : 104

134 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,420,421 & Of Chintavaram & 496/1 of Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report hardness, Magnesium hardness, Chloride, Fluoride, Sulphate, Nitrates, Alkalinity, Iron, Copper, Manganese, Mercury, Cadmium, Selenium, Arsenic, Cyanide, Lead, Zinc, Chromium, Aluminum, Boron, Phenolic Compounds C. Noise Noise levels at Day & night time Leq db (A) D. Soil ph, Bulk Density, Soil texture, Nitrogen, Available Phosphorus, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium, Electrical Conductivity, Organic Matter, Chloride E. Socioeconomic Demographic Structure Infrastructure resource base Economic resource base Health status: Morbidity pattern Cultural and Aesthetic attributes Education for ground and surface Water in the vicinity. IS : 2488 (Part 1-5) methods for sampling and testing of Industrial effluents Standard methods for examination of water and wastewater analysis published by American Public Health Association. Mine Quarterly / Boundary, Half High noise yearly generating areas within the lease, nearby villages As per norms 4 to 6 locations in the project impact area Yearly/half yearly As per USDA Method As per USDA Method Socioeconomic survey is based on proportionate, stratified and random sampling method Minimum for two phases of the project Primary data collection through Questionnaire Secondary data from census records, statistical hard books, topo sheets, health records and relevant official records available with Govt. agencies M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd. CPCB As per CPCB norms 105

135 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,420,421 & Of Chintavaram & 496/1 of Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report 6.3 Budgetary Provision for Environmental Management The below table give overall investment on the environmental safeguards and recurring expenditure for successful monitoring and implementation of control measures. Table 6.2: Cost of Environmental Protection Measures S. No Work Name Capital cost (in Rs.) Occupational Health & Safety Air Pollution Control : Water sprinkling haul roads greenbelt, developing greenbelt Greenbelt Development Medical Examination Environment Monitoring Social Welfare Measures Total 2,00,000 Annual Recurring cost (in Rs.) 50,000 60,000 70,000 2,70,000 5,000 25,000 40,000 1,50,000 3,30,000 & 6.4 Data Analysis Monitoring data analysis will be done as per CPCB guidelines by approved laboratory & shall be submitted to the concerned authority (specified in Environment Clearance Letter issued by MoEF&CC & Consent issued by SPCB) on regular basis. ******* M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd. 106

136 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 &421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1 of Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report CHAPTER 7 ADDITIONAL STUDIES 7.1 Public Consultation Environmental Public Hearing was conducted on as per the condition. Copy of Environmental Public Hearing proceedings along with compliance to the conditions stipulated in the Environmental Public Hearing are enclosed as Annexure Risk Assessment The proposed mining is limited to a depth of to 2.5 m. The anticipated risks are mentioned below: Water Proper drainage will be maintained to eliminate inundation of working pits during rains from run-off water. There is no danger of flood or inundation as the ground level. Mining operations are not carried below the ground water table; therefore, there will be no disturbance to ground water quality due to mining activity. Natural Resource Conservation A green belt will be developed so that minimum soil erosion takes place. In any case the natural habitats of the existing flora and fauna will not be disturbed. Use of traditional knowledge in all aspects of conservation; Water conservation techniques will be employed. To prepare management plans for village landscapes. Villages to be seen as landscapes of diverse elements such as forests, scrub, grassland, streams/river, ponds etc. The dynamics of the village as an ecosystem to be assessed, corridors to be devised between major natural landscape elements, so as to facilitate movement of species. Fire Sufficient fire extinguishers will be installed at selected locations such as mine office, garage, stores etc. Besides, sufficient water hydrants with sufficient length of hosepipes will be made available on the surface for fire protection. Loading Loading of silica sand at the production site will be done manually with baskets. M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd. 107

137 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 &421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1 of Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report House Keeping The provision and maintenance of a safe and healthy workplace is the most basic principle of health and safety. Dirty and untidy workplaces or walkways contribute to a very large proportion of trip and fall accidents. In the context of surface mining the provision of well defined roadways and walkways clear of obstruction and regular cleaning up of spillage will greatly reduce the potential risk for this type of accidents. The Work The application of risk assessment depends upon a full understanding of all aspects of the job being undertaken. In carrying out a risk assessment in relation to a particular task the evaluation must include a review of the knowledge, experience and training of those persons carrying out the work. Personal Competence It follows that the knowledge, experience and training of personnel involved in work is critical to evaluate any risk assessment. A knowledgeable, experienced well-trained and competently supervised workforce will be at a lower risk of accidents occurring than a poorly trained and badly supervised workforce. Co-Ordination It is essential that the co-ordinator ensures that everyone engaged in the work is capable and understands the role of others and their responsibility for each other. This is particularly important when contract workers undertake part or all of the work to be carried out. Health Hazards For the purpose of this document, health hazards should be interpreted as being harmful dust and noise which is emitted during surface mining operations. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) The PPE should be of good construction, wherever possible ISI certified, suitable for the hazard e.g. a dust respirator fitted with the correct filter to capture the particular hazardous dust and maintained to recommended standards. As personal protective equipment only affords limited protection it should only be used as a last resort and then as an interim arrangement until other steps are taken to reduce the risk of personal injury to an acceptable M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd. 108

138 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 &421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1 of Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report level. Traffic Movement As the vehicles used are very less in number there is no risk of accidents due to the traffic movement. 7.3 Disaster Management Plan Silica sand mining is a simple mining and there is hardly any risk in mining. However, as a precautionary measure if any disaster occurs within the mining area, the first aid committee of the mine consisting of following member will immediately handle the situation and if required victims will be shifted to the primary health center. Outline of Disaster Management Plan The working is carried out at shallow depth so no risk assessment or disaster management is required. High risk factors such as Earthquakes, Landslide, Subsidence, Flood, Fire etc are neither encountered nor anticipated during proposed five years plan period. As such, emergency plan for quick evacuation, protective measures are not proposed. Also, no local habitant exists as the working area is far away from the locality. System of Communication An internal communication system for the department head and to their line of command should be maintained. Having the telephone nos. and addresses of adjoining mines, rescue station, police station, Fire service station, local hospital, electricity supply agency and standing consultative committee members is another essential aspect. Consultative Committee A standing consultative committee will be formed under the head of Mines manager. Facilities and Accommodation Accommodation and facilities for medical aid, rescue room, etc. will be provided. First aid and Medical Facilities The mine management is having first aid facilities for use in emergency situation. All casualties would be registered and will be given first aid. The mine management will have proper telephone/wireless set for quick communication with nearest hospitals where the complicated cases are to be sent. M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd. 109

139 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 &421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1 of Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report Functions of Public Relations Group A cordial relation with government officials and other social service organization and working groups shall be maintained. To liaise with representatives of the mine workers to ameliorate the situation of panic, tension, sentiments, grievances and misgivings created by any disaster. To ameliorate the injured, survivors and family members of affected persons by providing material, moral support, finance and establishing contact with relatives of victims. CARE AND MAINTENANCE DURING TEMPORARY DISCONTINUANCE In case of any unforeseen circumstances, if the mining operations are to be suspended temporary, following action will be initiated. Fencing of the pits Security on red alert for 24 hrs. Display of notice at strategic points Emergency Plan On realizing anything serious happened anywhere in the mine, the foreman or the mate will immediately inform the nearest mining official & the manager of mines. On receiving information of emergency, Shift in-charge will ensure that all the materials and transport system to deal with emergency situation is kept under readiness. First aid facilities to be kept ready to receive the cases. 7.4 Rehabilitation and Resettlement (R&R) There will be no resettlement or rehabilitation involved in the project. ******* M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd. 110

140 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 &421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1 of Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report CHAPTER 8 PROJECTS BENEFITS 8.0 INTRODUCTION M/s. Kohinoor Minerals has proposed Silica sand Mining Project (ML area: ha.) with production capacity of 2,01,975 TPA of Silica sand at Chintavaram Village and of Ballavolu Village, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. 8.1 Improvement in Social Infrastructure Socio economic development work in the nearby area will be carried out by the mine management to strengthen the basic infrastructural needs of the villagers like education, medical, drinking water for human beings and animals, road network, plantation, rain water harvesting etc. direct employment will be generated due to mine operations and preference would be given to the nearby villagers as per their qualification/experience, indirect selfemployment will be generated due to the proposed mining project. M/s.Kohinoor Minerals has proposed to provide financial assistance of INR 2.5 Lakhs for the development of social infrastructure of the area. Following measure will be taken to improve the Social infrastructure of the study area: Preventive medical care and educational facilities for rural population will be promoted. Priority will be given to local people for employment. Extending general benefit by way of development work in the villages through respective Gram Panchayat. Supplementing Govt. efforts in health monitoring camps, social welfare and various awareness programmes among the rural population. Assisting social forestry programme. 8.2 Employment Potential The project would generate direct and indirect employment and preference will be given to the locals. About 32 persons will get direct employment in the mine. The local economy will receive a boost due to employee spending and services generated by the mining operation. The overall effect will improve the buying power of employees and the standard of living of people viz. better education, improved health and sanitation facilities, housing and acquisition of consumer durable. M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd. 111

141 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 &421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1 of Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report Migration into the existing area will be insignificant and no displacement of the existing population will take place due to the establishment of the proposed project. Housing; transport; water & power supply; medical, educational and other civic amenities will get a boost in future. Further, there will be an employment opportunity for the local people due to the proposed project in this region. 8.3 Conclusion The project will prove beneficial to the people as the company has already agreed to provide infrastructural facilities to the villagers like Educational facilities, Medical facilities, Transportation facilities, water supply etc. which will improve the socio-economic environment of the area. ******* M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd. 112

142 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420&421 O f Chintavaram & 496/1 of Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report CHAPTER 9 ENVIRONMENTAL COST BENEFITS ANALYSIS 9.0 INTRODUCTION Not required as this doesn t comes under Terms of Reference scope defined by the Hon ble Committee. As per EIA Notification Dated: 10th September 2006, the chapter on the Environmental Cost Benefits Analysis is applicable only, if the same is recommended in the scoping stage. As per the TOR points issued by MoEFCC for our proposed project activity, Environmental Cost Benefits Analysis is not applicable. ******* M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd. 113

143 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1 of Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report CHAPTER 10 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 10.0 INTRODUCTION The environmental management plan consists of the set of mitigation, management, monitoring and institutional measures to be taken during the implementation and operation of the project, to eliminate adverse environmental impacts or reduce them to acceptable levels. The present environmental management plan addresses the components of environment, which are likely to be affected by the different operations in a mine area. The aims of EMP are: Overall conservation of environment. Minimization of waste generation and pollution. Judicious use of natural resources and water. Safety, welfare and good health of the work force and populace. Ensure effective operation of all control measures. Vigilance against probable disasters and accidents. Monitoring of cumulative and longtime impacts. Ensure effective operation of all control measures. Environmental Management Plan, which is to be implemented in the project, is detailed under the following heads: Air Quality Management Noise & Ground Vibration Mitigation Water Management Solid Waste Management Land Reclamation Greenbelt Development 10.1 Air Environment In order to minimize impacts of mining on different environmental parameters and to keep air and water quality within prescribed limits of CPCB, an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) has been prepared. This will help in resolving all environmental and ecological issues due to mining in the area. The environmental management plan includes all preventive as well as mitigation measures M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd. 114

144 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1 of Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report to minimize impact on environment along-with reclamation and rehabilitation measures for mined out land. The individual operations which will generate particulate matter are excavation, loading, unloading and transportation etc. The general air pollution in case of mining operation includes dust. These can have adverse effects on the human health conditions, depending upon the concentration, particle size and duration of exposure with the above pollutants. However, proper precautions will help in minimizing the adverse impact due to air pollution Prevention and Control of Air Pollution A. Dust Pollution The main pollutant in air is Particulate Matter (PM10), which is generated due to various mining activities. However, to reduce the impact of dust pollution the following steps will be taken during various mining activities. 1. During Loading Operation Excavator will be involved for excavation and loading of silica sand. Water sprinkling will be done on muck pile by water tanker fitted with water pump to reduce generation of dust during loading. Skilled operators will operate the machines. 2. During Transport Operation All the haulage roads in the area will be kept wide, levelled, compacted and properly maintained with motor grader and water will be sprayed regularly during the shift operation to prevent generation of fugitive dust due to movement of dumpers, and other vehicles. 3. Plantation Work to be Carried Out In order to reduce spread of air pollution in the surroundings, green belt will be developed around buffer zone, mine approach road, etc. to control dust pollution. 4. Monitoring of Air Pollution Periodic air quality survey will be carried out to monitor the quality and for Timely corrective actions. B. Prevention and Control of Gaseous Pollution In mining activities, the only source of gaseous emissions is from the diesel engines, other vehicles and equipment s. M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd. 115

145 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1 of Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report 10.2 Noise and Ground Vibration Mitigation Noise Abatement and Control Proper maintenance, oiling and greasing of machines at regular intervals will be done to reduce generation of noise. Periodical monitoring of noise level near vicinity of operating mining machines and at some locations in the surrounding area of mine working will be done with the help of sound level meter & records will be maintained. Silencers and mufflers on mining equipment, wherever required, will be properly fitted and maintained Protective Measures for Ground Vibrations As this is a manual open case method of mining, no ground vibrations are generated Water Management Surface Water Management There is no seasonal nalla within the leasehold area. The seasonal nalla could be seen at the slope area outside the leasehold area at southern side. The rainwater draining from the hill slopes pass through the seasonal nalla. During rains, water will precipitate within the mine and in the vicinity, for that garland drains all along the quarry edge keeping a barrier from the mine surface will be constructed to arrest incoming water to the mine. The rainwater collected during the rainy season and seepage water shall be utilized for green belt/ plantation developed at mines and also for dust suppression purpose. Besides, there will be no toxic element in the mined out material, which may contaminate ground/surface water. It is, therefore, apparent that there will not be any impact of mining on the surface water regime Ground Water Management The water table in this region is at a depth of 5-10 m bgl and m bgl (pre monsoon and post monsoon). Mining will be carried out above the ground water table. No chemical having toxic elements will be used for carrying out mining activity. Silica sand does not contain any kind of toxic element which can contaminate the water. M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd. 116

146 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1 of Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report No toxic material is encountered in the deposit. Therefore no harmful impact on the Ground water quality is considered. Waste Water Management 1. The domestic effluent generated from office will be discharged into soak pit via septic tank. The waste water generated during washing of machines will be collected in a sump through drains, where the solid particulates settle down. Disposal of waste water from workshop will be treated by oil separator before its use for plantation and dust suppression. Periodical sampling will be done to ensure oil& grease free water Water Conservation Measures Optimum Utilization of Groundwater Initially, water requirement will be met from ground water. But later on, when the mine sump will be developed and water will get accumulated in the sumps, then ground water will be drawn only for drinking & sanitation purpose and rest of the requirement will be fulfilled from water accumulated in the mine sump, thereby conserving the natural water resources Solid Waste Management Top Soil Removal There is no top soil generation in this five years plan period Overburden Removal There is no overburden in the proposed mining area Greenbelt Development and Plantation Programme Greenbelt development programme will be designed within the natural constraints of the site and in particular species selection reflects flora known to be resistant to the local conditions. A Greenbelt development is necessary for: 1. Landscaping and providing shelter 2. Improvement in site conditions 3. Surface air purification by providing oxygen and letting SPM to settle on the leaves. 4. To attenuate noise generation by movement of vehicles and other machinery. M/s. Kohinoor Minerals will provide the plantation all along the 7.5m safety zone, around the mine entry and all along the roads. The following characteristics will be taken into consideration while selecting plant species for M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd. 117

147 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1 of Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report green belt development and tree plantation. They should local indigenous species. They should be fast growing and tall trees. They should be perennial and evergreen. They should have thick canopy cover. The planting should be in appropriate alternate rows around the site to prevent lateral pollution dispersion. The trees should maintain regional ecological balance and conform to soil and hydrological conditions. Indigenous species should be preferred. Species will be planted as per CPCB guidelines and native species Plantation Programme At the conceptual stage, out of the total mining lease area (i.e., Ha.), plantation will be on 0.48 ha (For five years). The plantation work for green belt development will be carried in consultation with a horticulturist which will help minimizing adverse impact on the flora found in the area. Yearwise plantation program is given in Table 10.1: Period 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year Total Table: 10.1: Stage Wise Cumulative Plantation Within Lease Proposed Plantation Location 2 area in m in No s Along the buffer zone of 7.5 m in phased manner covering an area of 400 m Table 10.2: Species Recommended for Greenbelt Development S. No. 1 Name of the Plant Species Anacardium Occidentale Common Name Cashew Table 10.3:Key Suggestive Measures under EMP Impact Predicted Disturbance of free movement/living of wild fauna M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd. Suggestive measure No labour camp will be allowed in nearby forest area. Awareness camps will be conducted for labours to make them aware about sensitivity/importance of forest life No tract or new road for movement of labours or vehicles be laid in reserve forest area, this will prevent forest 118

148 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1 of Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report Harvesting of forest flora fragmentation, encroachment and human animal encounter Care will be taken that noise produced during vehicles movement for carrying ore materials are within the permissible noise level. Higher noise level in the forest area will lead to restless and failure in detection of calls of mates and young ones Care will be taken that no hunting of animals carried out by labours If wild animals are noticed crossing the core zone, it will not be disturbed at all Labours will not be allowed to discards food, plastic etc., which can attract animals near the core site Only low polluting vehicle will be allowed for carrying ore materials. All vehicles allowed in the project site area will have to provide pollution under control certificate at the end of three months No honk will be allowed in the forest area, noise level will be within permissible limit (silent zone-50db during day time) as per noise pollution (regulation and control), rules, 2000, CPCB norms No tree cutting, chopping, lumbering, uprooting of shrubs and herbs should be allowed No pilling of ore material should in the reserve forest area Collections of economically important plants will be fully restricted 10.6 Biological Management Measures There is a requirement to establish a stable ecosystem with both ecological and economic returns. Minimization of soil erosion and dust pollution enhances the beauty of the core and the buffer zone. To achieve this, it is planned to increase plantation activities. The basic objectives of plantation are as follows: Improvement of Soil quality Quick vegetative cover to check soil erosion Improvement in mining site stability Conservation of biological diversity As dust receptor which likely to produce during mining 10.7 Post Project Environmental Monitoring Programme Details of the Post Project Environmental Monitoring Programme have been incorporated in Chapter 6 (Environmental Monitoring Programme) of Final EIA/EMP Report. M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd. 119

149 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1 of Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report 10.8 Occupational Hazards and Safety The working conditions in the mines are governed by the enactments of the Director General of Mines Safety (DGMS). As per the guidelines of the Mines Act, the management will take all necessary precautions. Normal sanitary facilities will be provided within the lease area. The management will carry out periodic health checkup of workers. Occupational hazards involved in mines are related to dust pollution, noise pollution and injuries from moving belt conveyors, equipment and fall from high places. DGMS has given necessary guidelines for safety against the occupational hazards. The management will strictly follow these guidelines. All necessary first aid and medical facilities will be provided to the workers. The mine will be well equipped with proper fire protection and firefighting equipment. All operators and mechanics will be trained to handle fire-fighting equipment s. Further all the necessary protective equipment s such as helmets, safety goggles, earplugs, earmuffs, etc. will be provided to persons as per requirements Occupational Health 1. Pre Placement and Periodical Health Status Pre /post-employment checkup will be carried out and following tests will be conducted: Hematological Test Biochemical Test Urine R/M ECG Spiro meter Audiometry Color Vision Medical Record of Each Employee will be maintained and updated with finding 2. Frequency of Medical Examination For Mines Employees- Once in three Years or once in five years as per Mines Rules, Personal Protective Device and Measures Ear Muffs Safety Helmets Welder equipment for eye and face protection Safety Belts M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd. 120

150 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1 of Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report Leather Hand Gloves Asbestos Hand Gloves Safety Shoes 4. Anticipated Occupational and Safety Hazards Heat Stress and Heat Strokes Physical Activity Dehydration Cardiac Disease Skin Disorder Dust Exposure Deafness Budget It is necessary to include the environmental cost as a part of the budgetary cost component. The project authorities propose to undertake the following environmental works to achieve the environmental quality as desired. The budget for environmental protection has been formulated and given in Table Table 10.4: Budget for Environmental Protection S. No Work Name Occupational Health & Safety Air Pollution Control : Water sprinkling haul roads greenbelt, developing greenbelt Greenbelt Development Medical Examination Environment Monitoring Social Welfare Measures Total Capital cost (in Rs.) 2,00,000 Annual Recurring cost (in Rs.) 50,000 60,000 70,000 2,70,000 5,000 25,000 40,000 1,50,000 1,80,000 & 10.9 Socio Economic Measures M/s. Kohinoor Minerals has proposed to provide financial assistance of Rs.2.5 lakhs for the development of social infrastructure of the area. Following measure will be taken to improve the Social infrastructure of the study area: Preventive medical care and educational facilities for rural population shall be promoted. M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd. 121

151 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1 of Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report Priority will be given to local people for employment. Indirect employment through contractual services shall be provided. Extending general benefit by way of development work in the villages through respective Gram Panchayat. Supplementing Govt. efforts in health monitoring camps, social welfare and various awareness programmes among the rural population. Assisting social forestry programme. Conclusion As discussed, it is safe to say that the project is not likely to cause any significant impact on the ecology of the area, as adequate preventive measures will be adopted to contain the various pollutants within permissible limits. Green belt development around the area will also be taken up as an effective pollution mitigative technique, as well as to control the pollutants released from the premises of the silica sand Mine. ******* M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd. 122

152 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1 of Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report CHAPTER 11 SUMMARY & CONCLUSION 11.1 INTRODUCTION M/s. Kohinoor Minerals is silica Sand Mine spread over an extent of Hectares (95.98 Acres) of mining lease area in Sy. Nos.: 396, 397, 398, 410, 411, 412, 413, 420 & 421 of Chintavaram village & 496/1 of Ballavolu village, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Silica sand production from the mine is 2,01,975 TPA PROJECT DESCRIPTION M/s. Kohinoor Minerals proposes to produce Silica Sand of 2,01,975 TPA from its mining lease spread over an area of Ha, with a project cost of Rs.50.0 Lakhs. An amount of Rs. 5.0 lakhs has been budgeted for implementing the Environmental Management Plan DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT The study area covers 10 km radius of M/s. Kohinoor Minerals mine lease area located near Chintavaram & Ballavolu Villages, Chillakur Mandal, Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. As part of Environmental Impact Assessment study, baseline environmental monitoring was carried out covering the months of December 2016, January and February The predominant wind directions during these hours were from NW N W sector accounting to about 33.7 % of the time with calm winds of less than 1.6 kmph for 32.1 % of the time. Wind speed during this period was varying from 1.6 to 15 kmph. Ambient air quality of the study area has been assessed through a network of 8 ambient air quality locations. Results of the ambient air quality at all the above locations were found to be well within the limits of National Ambient Air Quality (NAAQ) standards specified for Rural and Residential areas. Concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx and CO are mainly contributed due to vehicular traffic and local activities. The following is the summary of ambient air quality in the study area M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd. 123

153 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1 of Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report Table11.1: Summary of Ambient Air Quality (mg/m3) 98th Percentile Values PM 10 PM 2.5 SO2 NOx Note: CO values are observed less than 1 ppm during study period. Noise levels were measured near residential areas and other settlements located within 10 km radius in and around the mine area. Noise levels recorded were found to be in the range of 50.4 to 54.5 db (A) during day time and in the range of 41.4 to 51.6 db (A) during night time. Assessment of water quality in the study area includes the quality assessment of parameters as per the Indian standard IS Water samples collected showed compliance of all parameters with the drinking water standard of IS The study area is covered with sand. Soil samples were collected from eight locations for assessing the quality. There are no rare or endangered flora/ fauna species in the area. Major portion of the working category is engaged in agricultural, cultivation and other works than household works. Due to the excavation of mining activity in the area a good proportion of the population is directly or indirectly employed in other works also ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITEGATONS MEASURES AIR ENVIRONEMENT The air borne particulate matter is the main air pollutant contributed by open cast mining. The major activity being transport from the working pit to the stock pile and stock pile to end users, the dust levels are distributed all along the transport route from the mine. The maximum concentration of PM10 is about µg/m3 at 50 m from source and hence the air pollution impact on the surrounding is negligible. AIR POLLUTION CONTROL MEASURES Present ambient air quality levels in the mine area are well within the limits. The mining operations being fugitive dust prone, the impact at far distances will be M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd. 124

154 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1 of Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report minimal. The main activities for air pollution are loading, unloading of silica sand and transportation of silica sand by trucks. The maximum contribution of dust emissions will be from handling and transport to an extent of 2,01,975 tonnes/annum. No overburden is present in the mine so transport of overburden is not envisaged. The environmental control measures to control the fugitive dust released for the proposed production are given below: Regular water sprinkling on sand heaps and haul roads with water tankers. Regular grading of haul roads and service roads to clear accumulation of loose material. The vehicles will be kept in well-maintained condition so that emissions will be minimized. Afforestation for control of dust NOISE ENVIRONMENT Noise will be produced due to vehicular movement. The mining activity will not generate any noise as no drilling or blasting or use of heavy machinery is involved. NOISE POLLUTION CONTROL MEASURES No major impact of the mining activity on the vicinity is envisaged. However, pronounced effect of noise levels (generated by vehicular operations) is felt only near the active working area and on the personnel working in the vicinity. The following noise abatement measurements are proposed for implementation during operational phase: Proper and regular maintenance of vehicles, machinery and other equipment. The workers employed will be provided with protection equipment, earmuffs and ear-plugs, as a protection from the high noise level generated at the mine site wherever required. Speed of trucks entering or leaving the mine will be limited to moderate M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd. 125

155 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1 of Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report speed of 25 kmph to prevent undue noise from empty trucks. M/s. Kohinoor Minerals will develop greenbelt in 7.5 m width barrier zone all around the mine boundary to control the work zone noise levels around the mine to some extent WATER ENVIRONMENT The drainage pattern in the area is dendritic. One spring channel is passes through the mine lease area. M/s. Kohinoor Minerals will leave a barrier of 50 m on either side of the channel as undisturbed zone to prevent any contamination or siltation of the canal. Both side 50 m barrier of spring channel will be maintained as No Mining Zone. The mine workings will be above the water table throughout the life of the mine. The deepest level to be reached will be 2.5 m below ground level and groundwater table is at 3.5 m bgl. There will not be intersection of ground water table due to mining. About 0.4 m3/day of domestic sewage will be generated from the toilets and other areas. This waste water will be treated in septic tank followed by soak pit. As the quantity of wastewater generation from this section is very small, no biological treatment system is envisaged LAND ENVIRONMENT There is no solid waste generation from the mine. No top soil is generated from the mine as the mine lease area is full of silica sand in loose form. No overburden waste material generation is envisaged during the life of the mine AFFORESTATION M/s. Kohinoor Minerals proposes to afforest an area of 0.04 Ha along the mine lease boundary. M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd. 126

156 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1 of Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report Table 11.2: AFFORESTATION SCHEDULE Years Area (Ha) Ist Year IInd Year IIIrd Year IVth Year Life of Mine No. of plants proposed Location Type of plant Along 7.5 m barrier zone Cashew plants Afforestation along the mining lease and mined out area will be done mainly by planting Cashew plantation which is growing in the area based on agro climatic conditions SOCIO ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT The mine area does not cover any habitation. Hence the mining activities do not involve any displacement of human settlement. No public buildings, places, monuments etc exist within the lease area or in the vicinity. The mining operations will not disturb/relocate any village or need resettlement. No R&R plan is involved OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY MEASURES All the persons will undergo preplacement examination at the time of joining. M/s. Kohinoor Minerals will provide essential medicines at the site. The medicines and other test facilities will be provided at free of cost. The first aid box will be made available at the mine for immediate treatment. Apart from the above, M/s. Kohinoor Minerals will incur an amount of Rs.2 lakhs/year towards the periodic checkup of the workers ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES (TECHNOLOGY & SITE) M/s. Kohinoor Minerals is adopting open cast semi mechanized method of mining. This method mainly involves digging, scooping, spreading, screening, collecting in basket and loading into trucks and occasionally use of excavators ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM M/s. Kohinoor Minerals will monitor the environmental parameters as per CPCB/ M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd. 127

157 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1 of Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report IBM/ MoEF&CC guidelines and will ensure the implementation of the EMP measures within the mine area and carryout efficient monitoring. They will incur an amount of Rs. 4.0 lakhs for implementation of environmental management plan PROJECT BENEFITS M/s. Kohinoor Minerals has employed 32 persons for carrying out the mining operations. In addition there will be indirect employment to many more people in the form of contractual jobs, business opportunities, service facilities etc. This will enhance the economic status. Apart from the jobs, the M/s. Kohinoor Minerals will contribute to medical and educational facilities to the employees. SOCIAL WELFARE MEASURES M/s. Kohinoor Minerals will take up the following social welfare measures for the villages located in the vicinity. Conducting Health camps for surrounding villages Repair of roads in nearby villages infrastructure to schools including toilets, uniforms, black board, Providing course material, text books etc Sponsoring rural sports and adult education Publicity awareness camps for HIV, Pregnant women Repair/construction of public conveniences like Bus Shelters etc. M/s. Kohinoor Minerals will incur an amount of Rs. 2.0 lakhs/annum for implementing the above measures 11.8 CONCLUSION M/s. Kohinoor Minerals strongly believes in the concept of ecofriendly industrialization. Various socio economic development activities proposed will bring about overall socio economic development in the area. M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd. 128

158 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1 of Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report CHAPTER 12 DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANT 12.0 INTRODUCTION The consultant engaged for the preparation of the EIA of the project is M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech Pvt. Ltd. Realizing the need for multi-disciplinary and pragmatic approach to environment management, a few dedicated experience started M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech Pvt. Ltd. company as a consultancy organization in 2006 registered as company and ISO 9001:2008 Certified Company and accreditation by NABET A category for open cast mines. Our team consists of specialists in environmental consulting, regulatory compliance and review, site investigation, emergency response, environmental laboratory, site assessment, and data usability-related experience. These individuals have worked together on similar projects, and the leaders have been commended by their clients for accomplishment on other successful projects. M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech Pvt. Ltd. has its own Environmental laboratory with a name of KIWIS Eco Laboratory at Pragathi Nagar, Hyderabad under EPA (Environmental Protection Act) from the MoEF&CC, Govt. of India, New Delhi and by National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories (NABL). The list of the project team has been summarized below: S. N. 1. Name & Designation Qualification Experience Dr. Ch. Rajani Kumari (Managing Director) EIA Coordinator and FAE (EB, AQ, WP & ISW) Mr. Subramanyam Adapa (Executive Director) EIA Coordinator & FAE (AP, AQ, LU and NV) M. Sc. (Environment Science) Ph.D 17 years of experience in the field of EIA Studies and Environmental Management M. Tech (Env. Engg.) 16 years of experience in the field of EIA Studies and Environmental Management. 3. Mr. Vipin Kumar (General Manager) EIA Coordinator & FAE (AP & AQ) M. Tech (Env. Engg.) 11 years of experience in the field of EIA Studies and Environmental Management. 4. Mr. Vishnu Sharma EIA Coordinator & FAE (WP & RH) B. Tech. (Chemical) 10 Years of Experience in the field of EIA studies and Environmental Management. 5. Ms. Reshma Thakur EIA Coordinator & FAE (MSW) M. Tech (Env. Engg.) 14 years of experience in the field of EIA Studies and Environmental Management. 2. M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd. 129

159 M/s. Kohinoor Minerals ( ha.) Silica Sand Mine at Sy. Nos.: 396,397,398,410,411,412,413,420 & 421 Of Chintavaram & 496/1 of Ballavolu villages, Chillakur Mandal, S.P.S.R. Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Final EIA Report S. N. 6. Name & Designation Qualification Experience Mr. I Durga Prasad M. Sc. Approved FAE in Socio Economy More than 40 Years of Experience 7. Mr. A. Mohan Reddy MSW Approved FAE in Socio Economy More than 4 Years of Experience 8. Mr. Sundara Rao M. Sc. Approved FAE Conservation 9. Mr. NH Reddy M. Tech 10. Mr. K. Rajesham 11. Dr. Desi Sreekanth M. Sc. (Env. Sc. & Tech.) M. Sc., Ph. D 12. Dr. Siva Ramakrishana D M. Sc., Ph. D 13. Dr. Nalni Vijayalaxmi M. Sc., Ph.D 14. Mr. Ahamad Alisha Md. M. Sc. (Env. Sc.) 15. Mr. Rajesh Mankar BE, PGDEM Approved FAE in Hydrogeology and Geology Moreinthan 20 Years of Experience FAA Air Pollution More than 2 years experience Team Member (Proposed for WP, AP) 6 years of Experience Team Member (Proposed for WP, AP) More than 6 years experience Team Member (Proposed for WP, AP) More than 2 years experience Team Member (Proposed for WP, AP) More than 2 years experience Team Member (Proposed for AP, AQ & NV) 15 years of Experience 16. Mr. M. Chaitanya Babu M.Sc. (Env. Sc.) Team Member (Proposed for EB, AP) More than 4 years experience 17. Mr. T. Manideep M. Tech (Env. Engg.) Team Member Approved FAE in AP, AQ & SW and moore than 4 Years of Experience in Soil ******* M/s. Sri Sai Manasa Nature Tech (P) Ltd. 130

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235 Annexure IV REPORT ON THE HYDROGEOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF SILICA SAND MINING AREA OF M/S KOHINOOR MINERALS, NEAR BALLAVOLU VILLAGE, CHILLAKUR MANDAL, SPSR NELLORE DISRTRICT, ANDHRA PRADESH. 1 GEOMORPHOLOGY The silica sand mining area of M/s Kohinoor Minerals is located about 1.70 km north of Ballavolu village in the Chillakur mandal of Sri Potti Sriramulu (SPS) Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh. Geographical distance wise the site is 2.40 km southeast of Chinthavaram village, and 22 km east of Gudur town. The area forms part of the coastal belt, and the coastal line of Bay of Bengal is about 10 km east. The site is accessible by road from Nellore via Gudur, Chinthavaram and Ballavolu (Figures 1 to 4). Figure 1. Regional Map of Study Area The area is gently undulating sandy coastal plain sloping east towards the Bay of Bengal. The general altitude around the site is 5 to 7 m above mean sea level (a msl). The area is marked by coastal geomorphic units like strandlines, levees, ridges, small longitudinal dunes, and back swamps. 2 SOILS The silica sand forms the main ingredient in the coastal and alluvial soils occurring in the area, in addition to clay and silt. The silica sand deposits belong to Holocene age, and belong to marine to fluvio-marine origin containing tidal flat and deltaic deposits with unconsolidated sand, silt and clay sediments in varying amounts with variable effective porosity to carry fresh to saline groundwater in varying amounts and dune sands have an aeolian origin (IOSR, 2014). 1

236 Figure 2. Project Site and Surroundings Figure 3. Closer View of Project Site and Surroundings 2

237 Figure 4. Physiography and Drainage Distribution 10 km radius map. 3 DRAINAGE The area form deltaic inter-stream area between the Kandaleru River in the north and Swarnamukhi River in the south, and comprises landforms like strandlines, levees, ridges, small longitudinal dunes, and back swamps. The drainage pattern in the area is sub-dendritic to trellis (Figures 1 to 4). The Kandaleru River forms the main drainage course in the area flowing north of Momidi and Lingavaram areas, with a north easterly meandering course and joining the Bay of Bengal near Krishnapatnam. The Swarnamukhi River originating in Chittoor district passes through SPSR Nellore district before joining the Bay of Bengal near Pattapupalem. 4 VEGETATION It is characterized with open, mat forming species followed by scattered herbs, shrubs and trees dispersed along the relief beyond the high tide limit or the back shore region. Casuarina equisetifolia and Casuarina muricata are the typical evergreen trees common in the area. These plants grow to 6 35 m ( ft) tall. The foliage consists of slender, much-branched green to grey-green twigs mm ( in) diameter, bearing minute scale-leaves in whorls of

238 5 CLIMATE AND RAINFALL The climate of the area is moderate sub-tropical. The summer season is from March to May. This is followed by monsoon period from June to September, the post monsoon from October to December and the winter season from January to February. Annual Rainfall, Muthukur, SPS Nellore District Mean Annual Precipitation: 1187 mm 1600 Annual Precipitation, mm Years Figure 5. Annual Rainfall during the years The maximum temperature is C during summer, and the minimum temperature is C during winter. As peculiar to the Nellore district, the contribution of southwest (SW) monsoon is less than the contribution of northeast (NE) monsoon rainfall. About 70% of the annual rainfall is contributed by the NE monsoon. The coastal area is subjected to both droughts and floods based on the seasons. Cyclonic storms are also common. The analysis of 26 years rainfall data of the nearby Muthukur meteorological station for the years was taken up, as it is the representative station located nearer to the site. The data illustrate the mean annual rainfall of 1187 mm, and varies from a low of 586 mm in the year 2015 to a high of 1950 mm in year 1997 (Figure 5). Overall the study period of 26 years, 15 years indicated below normal rainfall. The mean monthly rainfall records (Figure 6) show the wettest season from October to December. 4

239 Mean Monthly Rainfall, Yrs , Muthukur, SPS Nellore District Wet Season Dry Season Mean Rainfall, mm Jan Feb March April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Figure 6. Mean Monthly Rainfall 6 GEOLOGY The area is underlain by Recent Alluvium forming the unconsolidated formations comprising of river alluvium, coastal alluvium and wind-blown sand deposits of Quaternary period. The river alluvium occurs all along the flood plains of the Kandaleru and other river courses. The thickness of alluvium increases from west to eastern coast side, and ranges from few to tens of meters. The wind-blown sand deposits occur as narrow dunes in the coastal areas and the thickness varies from 5 to 7 m. Prominent lineaments in the area are trending in NE-SW and NW-SE directions 7 HYDROGEOLOGY Ground Water Conditions In the study area forming coastal/fluvial plain, groundwater occurs under phreatic to confined conditions and is developed through shallow dug wells, filter point wells and tube wells. The thickness of the coastal alluvium ranges from 10 to 20 meters. Ground water occurs in unconfined condition within the highly porous and permeable formations of coastal alluvium. The depth of dug wells ranges from 5 to 12 m, while the depth of filter point wells generally varies from 6 to 11 m. The yields generally range in this aquifer between 3.5 to 5.0 m3/hr. Occasionally high yields occur in the palaeochannel areas. The ground water in the area is fresh to brackish, with pockets of saline occurrences. Palaeochannels, wind-blown sand, and sand dune areas are favorable locations for fresh water aquifers. Since the area forms coastal terrain, it is prone to salt water encroachment; hence deeper bore wells cannot be drilled. The transmissivity value of the aquifers ranges from 200 to 500 m2/day with specific capacity of 35 to 1000 m3/day/mdd respectively (CGWB, 2013). 5

240 Ground Water Levels Behaviour of ground water level is essentially controlled by physiography, lithology and rainfall. There is general decline and rise of water during pre- and post-monsoon season respectively. The rises are due to the general buildup of water levels in response to rains, and declines are due to erratic monsoon, less recharge, and exploitation of groundwater resources. Ground water generally occurs from 3.0 to 6.0 m bgl (below ground level), but for the occasional occurrence of base flow (spring channel or sona kaluva or Duruvu) areas, where the ground water table (influent) is very shallow of less than 1.0 m bgl. The dug wells usually show phreatic, and the borewells indicate semi-confined conditions. Overall rise in water levels from pre-monsoon to postmonsoon are in the range of 0.03 to 3.52 m, where as pre-monsoon decline is in the range of 0.05 to 3.00 (CGWB, 2013). The long term fluctuation data of representative Central Ground Water Board (CGWB monitoring station located at Muthukur for the years was analysed. The analysed plot is shown in Figure 7. The plot indicates seasonal rises and declines with a long term rise of m/annum. Further analysis and calculation of water level fluctuation data for the years 1995 to 2014 indicate water levels responding sharply to seasonal changes. Ground Water Level Fluctuations at Muthukur, SPSR Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. (Dug Well, 18 km north of Project Site; Based on Central Ground Water Board Data, Gaps indicate no data) 0,0 1,0 Depth to Ground Water Level, mbgl. Trendline indicating rise in water m/annum 2,0 3,0 4,0 Jun-17 Nov-16 Oct-15 May-16 Sep-14 Apr-15 Mar-14 Aug-13 Jul-12 Jan-13 Jun-11 Dec-11 Nov-10 Oct-09 May-10 Sep-08 Mar-09 Feb-08 Aug-07 Jul-06 Jan-07 Dec-05 Nov-04 May-05 Oct-03 Apr-04 Sep-02 Mar-03 Jul-01 Feb-02 Jan-01 Jun-00 Dec-99 Nov-98 May-99 Sep-97 Apr-98 Mar-97 Aug-96 Jul-95 Feb-96 Jan-95 5,0 Figure 7. Ground Water Levels and Fluctuations at Muthukur. There are no nearby ground water monitoring stations or observation wells in the study area. There is requirement for establishing 3 to 5 shallow ground water monitoring stations around the sand mining site so as to observe the water level fluctuations as well to forewarn the occurrence of spring channels or sona kaluvas. 6

241 8 GROUND WATER RESOURCES ESTIMATION The Central Ground Water Board estimated the groundwater development in all the 46 Mandals in SPS Nellore district. The groundwater development in the entire district is under safe category, indicating good scope for further ground water utilization (CGWB, 2013). Ground water resources of Chillakur Mandal comprising the study area are given in Table 1. The groundwater estimates in the Chillakur Mandal is applicable to the non-command area only, as there is no command area in the Mandal. Since the area is a coastal terrain affected by saline encroachment, deeper bore wells cannot be drilled. Table 1. Dynamic Ground Water Resources of Chillakur Mandal, SPS Nellore District S. Item Command Area Non-command Total No. (ham) Area (ham) (ham) 1. Total Annual Ground Water Recharge, ham. 2. Provision for Natural Recharges, ham. 3. Net Annual Ground Water Availability, ham., ham. 4. Existing Gross Ground Water Draft for all uses, ham., ham. 5. Provision for Domestic and Industrial Requirement Supply, ham. 6. Net Ground Water Availability for Future Irrigation Development, ham., ham. 7. Stage of Ground Water % Development, % 8. Category Safe Safe 9 WATER QUALITY On a regional perspective the quality of ground water generally found to deteriorate from west to east i.e., with more salinity towards coast. All along the coast both shallow and deeper aquifers are saline. However, along the coast limited potable ground water zones do exist at shallow levels but they may not sustain for heavy withdrawals. Away from the coast fresh water in the aquifers is limited to shallow to moderate depths. Deeper aquifers are invariably saline. Quality of water in the palaeochannels is comparatively good (CGWB, 2013). The hydrochemical results of the wells inventoried in and around the study area indicate that the aquifer waters are generally good, alkaline with a ph over 6.44, potable with total dissolved solids (TDS) generally below 1000 mg/l, and chloride concentrations less than 200 mg/l (MMPL Report, 2014). 7

242 Water Types: The hydrochemical water types are a reflection of the origin of the aquifer waters, the residence time in the aquifer and the processes that occurred to and within the aquifer. The general perceived ionic evolution of groundwater is: bicarbonate bicarbonate-chloride chloride-bicarbonate chloride-sulphate chloride This is best revealed in the pictorial depiction of Durov-Piper diagram (Figure 8). These are based on the studies carried out in and around the nearby Momidi, Lingapuram and Chinthavaram areas (MMPL Report, 2014). The hydrochemistry observed follows the regional groundwater flow from Chinthavaram to Mangalore Minerals Private Limited (MMPL), Momidi to Tamminapatnam (towards coast) with a change from Ca-Mg-HCO3 to Ca(Mg)-Na-HCO3 to NaCl type waters (Figures 1 to 4). With this change in water type there is also a general increase in TDS and a change to Na and Cl dominance, as residence times increase, thus allowing greater water rock interactions to take place (anion exchange being the dominant process). Sulphate seems to be the dominant anion in all samples. Within the aquifer system regionally four water types are recognised, and well illustrated on the Expanded Durov-Piper plots (Figure 8 ) : Type I Ca(Mg)-Na-HCO3 mixed cation, Ca dominant } Chinthavaram area Type II Ca(Mg)-Na-HCO3 mixed anion } Lingavaram, Momidi, & MMPL areas Type III Na-Cl-SO4 mixed anion }Tamminapatnam area Type IV Na-Cl } Kandaleru (Upputeru) Stream The type of groundwater occurring around Lingavaram and MMPL areas is indicative of fresh water with low to moderate total dissolved solids (TDS), and low presence of sodium (Na) and chloride (Cl) concentrations. In contrast the surface water sample of Kandaleru River (in the north) is saline with the high presence of Cl, Na, and TDS concentrations. 8

243 EXPANDED DUROV-PIPER DIAGRAM Hydrochemical Details and Water Types in the Area Mg 2+ 50% Momidi MMPL, MMPL, BH 5 Lingavaram Ca 2+ 50% HCO3-50% Na+ 50% MMPL, SO4 250% MMPL, Tamminapatnam Tamminapatnam MMPL, BH 5 Lingavaram Momidi Chinthavaram Tamminapatnam Chinthavaram MMPL, BH 5 Lingavaram Momidi Chinthavaram Cl- 50% Figure 8. Expanded Durov-Piper Diagram 9

244 References: 1. Ground Water Brochure, Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh., published by the Southern Region, Central Ground Water Board (CGWB), Hyderabad. September Ground Water Monitoring and other Reports of Central Ground Water Board, and State Ground Water Department, Government of Andhra Pradesh. 3. Modified 3rd Mining Scheme for Silica Sand of Chinthavaram and Ballavolu Villages, Chillakur Mandal, SPS Nellore District, A.P., belonging to M/s Kohinoor Minerals Ltd., January MMPL Report: Report on Ground Water Evaluation Studies and Utilization for Industrial Use at Mangalore Minerals Private Ltd (MMPL), Momidi Village, Chillakur Mandal, Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh, November IOSR Journal of Applied Geology and Geophysics (IOSR-JAGG), e-issn: , PISSN: Volume 2, Issue 4 (Jul-Aug. 2014), PP

245 Annexure 4 SUMMARY OF AMBIENT AIR QUALITY IN THE STUDY AREA Location AAQ 1 AAQ 2 AAQ 3 AAQ 4 AAQ 5 AAQ 6 AAQ 7 AAQ 8 CPCB Norms Max. PM10 3 (µg/m ) Min * (*24 hrs) CPCB Norms Max th 98 % * (*24 hrs) Name of Villages AAQ 1 AAQ 2 AAQ 3 AAQ 4 AAQ 5 AAQ 6 AAQ 7 AAQ 8 th 98 % PM (µg/m ) Min. Max. < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 CO 3 (mg/m ) Min. < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 th 98 % * (*8 hours) AAQ 1 AAQ 2 AAQ 3 AAQ 4 Max. NOx 3 (µg/m ) Min Max * (*24 hrs) Max NH3 3 (µg/m ) Min AAQ 5 AAQ 6 AAQ 7 AAQ 8 th 98 % * (*24 hrs) th 98 % * (*24 hrs) Core Zone (Project Site) Ballavolu Chintavaram Mogaliguntapalem th 98 % SO2 3 (µg/m ) Min. Max * (*8 hrs) Idulavaripalem Ankulapateru Siddavaram Uttamnellure O3 3 (µg/m ) Min th 98 %

246 AAQ Data for Location A1 - Core Zone (Project Site) Date Week PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOX O3 Pb Ni As NH3 Benzene Benzo(a)Pyrene CO

247 AAQ Data for Location A2 Ballavolu village Date Week PM PM SO NOX O Pb Ni As NH Benzene Benzo(a)Pyrene CO

248 AAQ Data for Location A3 Chintavaram village Date Week PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOX O3 Pb Ni As NH3 Benzene Benzo(a)Pyrene CO

249 AAQ Data for Location A4 Mogaliguntapalem village Date Week PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOX O3 Pb Ni As NH3 Benzene Benzo(a)Pyrene CO

250 AAQ Data for Location A5 Idulavaripalem village Date Week PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOX O3 Pb Ni As NH3 Benzene Benzo(a)Pyrene CO

251 AAQ Data for Location A6 Ankulapateru village Date Week PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOX O3 Pb Ni As NH3 Benzene Benzo(a)Pyrene CO

252 AAQ Data for Location A7 Siddavaram village Date Week PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOX O3 Pb Ni As NH3 Benzene Benzo(a)Pyrene CO

253 AAQ Data for Location A8 Uttamnellure village Date Week PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOX O3 Pb Ni As NH3 Benzene Benzo(a)Pyrene CO

254 SAFETY, HEALTH & ENVIRONMENT POLICY KOHINOOR MINERALS Prevention of Pollution by optimum utilization of natural resources Comply all Applicable Statutory Rules & Regulations and other Requirements Proper handling of mining activity to ensure clean and green environment in and around mining lease area Pursuing this policy through Company s Objectives & Targets with Employee Participation Upgrading Environmental Awareness among Employees, Sub- Contractors and local villagers through education & training Plan towards Introduction of latest Environmental Friendly Machinery into Operation Provide organizational structure support and directive to achieve these objectives This Policy is reviewed periodically for its continuing suitability to the organization's current business For Kohinoor Minerals Managing Partner

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311 Telugu and English Paper advertisement on dated in Andhra Jyothi & The Indian Express

312 Public Hearing Photographs of M/s. Kohinoor Minerals