Water Line Management Best practice bird requirements technical basics

Transcription

1 Water Line Management Best practice bird requirements technical basics

2 Contents: 1. Relevance of water supply for bird health and performance 2. Correct setting of water supply systems 3. Mistakes in water supply 4. Consequences of mistakes in water supply Seite 2

3 Relevance of water supply for bird health and performance General Cool and clean water, in sufficient quantity, is of fundamental importance for livestock Without adequate water intake, feed consumption and performance will decrease Water is the essential feed, which has a large influence to all physiological functions of the body Seite 3

4 Water supply for poultry The water supply system must: provide clean and cool (10-14 C) water in sufficient quantity be easily cleaned and disinfected easily (accessibility) have a metering device in order to vaccinate, to medicate and to apply water additives properly have a flushing device Seite 4

5 Open system Bell or cup drinkers Necessary in Turkey farming. Problems with litter quality and water hygiene. Difficult to maintain water purity. Needs daily cleaning. Labor intensive. Wastes water Seite 5

6 Closed system Nipple systems Water contamination in closed nipple drinker systems is less than in open system. Amount of wasted water (spillage) is also less. Closed systems usually do not require the daily cleaning. Better distribution of drinking water in the house/pen Seite 6

7 Nippeldrinkers 1. High flow rate: ml/min usually with cup generally max 12 birds/nipple recommended 2. Low flow rate: ml/min usually without cups generally max 10 birds/nipple recommended Seite 7

8 2. Correct settings of water supply systems Nipple Drinker Within the first days of live, the height of the drinker should be at the height of the eye of the day old chick, so that it can see the drop of water at the nipple. After the birds learned to drink from the nipple, the drinker line has to be set at a height, that the birds can drink with a stretched neck and with the feed flat on the litter Seite 8

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12 Height of the drinker Quelle: Cobb Vantress Seite 12

13 3. Mistakes in water supply Nipples too high Seite 13

14 Nipples too high Seite 14

15 Nipples too low Seite 15

16 Nipples too low Seite 16

17 Leaking nipple Seite 17

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21 Condensation Cause for wet litter? Seite 21

22 Overcrowded house, birds have difficulty to reach drinking lines Seite 22

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25 Water Meter Seite 25

26 Consequences of mistakes in water supply If there is no recording of water consumption failures or mistakes are noticed too late! Seite 26

27 Consequences of mistakes in water supply If there is no recording of water consumption failures or mistakes are noticed too late! Seite 27

28 Recording water consumption Water Consumption Broiler ml target actual Days Seite 28

29 Recording water and feed consumption Water and Feed consumption Broiler ml/g Water Feed days Seite 29

30 What influences water consumption Age Sex Environmental temperature Water temperature Feed (salt; protein; fat) Water quality Management Seite 30

31 Normal water consumption figures Broiler Broiler Water Consumption Age -days ml/bird/day ml/bird Age in Days min. water consumption max. water consumption Seite 31

32 The five freedoms (FAWC, Farm Animal Welfare Council): Freedom from hunger and thirst Freedom from discomfort Freedom from pain, injury or disease Freedom to express normal behaviour Freedom from fear and distress Seite 32

33 Insufficient water intake (I) Even slightly insufficient water intake leads to lower feed consumption - pellets or crumble feed need water for digestion - drop of performance and decreasing uniformity Malfunction of physiological processes (growth, egg production, feed conversion) Constant water stress - nervous birds - higher susceptibility to infections Seite 33

34 Insufficient water intake (II) Severely reduced water intake leads to: Ceasing feed intake Dramatic drop in performance - loss of body weight - egg drop Increasing mortality and rejects due to - dehydration - visceral / skeletal gout Birds try to get water from other sources like condensation water and excrements, this can lead to an increase of diseases Seite 34

35 Increased water consumption Uptake and spillage Wet droppings wet litter Bacterial growths in the litter ammonia production > 10 ppm - extra ventilation / additional heating - damages to respiratory system / infections - Possibly blindness due to keratitis Wet integument (feathers, skin, food pads) - skin infections (cellulitis, FPD, breast blisters ) Increase of rejects in slaughterhouse Seite 35

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43 Mistakes in drinker line management Inadequate height of drinker Air locks in the lines Water leaks Water is too warm > 24 C or too cold <10 C Inadequate pressure Missing water quality monitoring Missing water consumption monitoring Seite 43

44 Mistakes in water systems planning Dead ends in water supply system No possibility of flushing Difficult access for C&D Wrong drinker type Open water (floater tanks, header tanks) Sloping floor One metering device for more houses Drinkers difficult to adjust Insufficient numbers of nipples Nipple drinker lines too long > 60 m respectively >120 m Condense water Seite 44

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46 Conclusions the drinker must supply cool and clean water from placement throughout the production the height of the drinker must be adjusted regularly to suit the height of the birds the drinker line has to be flushed daily when the birds are young water consumption has to be monitored leaking or dropping from nipples has to be stopped immediately regular testing of for temperature, bacterial load and mineral content Seite 46

47 Water Testing for Poultry Water testing from source as per legal requirements, at least once/year yes Own well yes no Microbiological testing from water line after C&D at least twice/year Municipal water (assumed to have drinking water quality) Results within limits (according to quality standards for drinking water) yes Results within limits (according to quality standards for farm animal water) yes No regular water testing from source needed no no Implementation of water purification methods Improvement of C&D water system Water testing from source after implementations Water testing from line after C&D measures yes Results within limits (according to quality standards for drinking water) no yes Results within limits (according to quality standards for drinking water) no Seite 47

48 Thank You! Seite 48